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A&P > Special senses > Flashcards

Special senses Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the outer ear from the middle ear?

A

The tympanic membrane

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2
Q

What conducts sound into the external acoustic meatus?

A

The Auricle or Pinna

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3
Q

What are the small bones called in the middle ear?

A

The ossicles

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4
Q

Which ossicle rests on the oval window?

A

The stapes or stirrup

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5
Q

What is the other name for the incus?

A

The anvil

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6
Q

What is the tube called which connects the middle ear to the nasal cavity?

A

Eustachian, Auditory or Pharyngotympanic

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7
Q

What separates the bony labyrinth from the membranous?

A

Perilymph

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8
Q

What does sound perception take place?

A

The cochlear

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9
Q

What gives information on balance and spatial awareness?

A

The semi circular canals

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10
Q

What is the true area of hearing?

A

The organ of Corti

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11
Q

Which two areas of the vestibule are concerned with gravity changes?

A

The Saccule and the Utricle

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12
Q

Where is the semi-circular canals is movement of the endolymph detected?

A

The Capula

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13
Q

What is the functional unit of sight?

A

The eye

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14
Q

What is the outer fibrous layer of the eye?

A

The sclera and cornea

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15
Q

What holds the lens in place?

A

Suspensory ligaments

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16
Q

What is the fluid in the anterior section of the eye called?

A

Aqueous humour

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17
Q

Where are the cones most concentrated?

A

Macula Lutea or yellow spot

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18
Q

What substance is found in the rods?

A

Rhodopsin

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19
Q

What is the area called where there are no rods or cones?

A

The blind spot or optic disc

20
Q

What conveys impulses to the visual cortex?

A

Optic nerve

21
Q

Where are the images refracted to on the retina?

A

Macula Lutea

22
Q

Which system controls pupillary size?

A

The autonomic nervous system

23
Q

Which sensors perceive colour?

A

Cones

24
Q

What type of vision is afforded by having two eyes?

A

Stereoscopic or Binocular

25
Q

What produces tears in the protection of the eye?

A

The Lacrimal Apparatus

26
Q

Which of the following is correctly described?
A.
external ear: collects and directs sound waves toward the middle ear
B.
middle ear: transfers sound vibrations to the oval window of the middle ear
C.
inner ear: contains receptors for hearing and equilibrium
D.
A and B are correct
E.
A, B, and C are correct

A

E

27
Q

Which of the following is (are) not considered to be part of the external ear?

A

Issicles

28
Q

The auditory tube…
A.
is also called the pharyngotympanic or Eustachian tube
B.
allows equalization of pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane
C.
allow microbes to colonise the interior surface of the tympanic membrane
D.
A and B are correct
E.
A, B and C are correct

A

E

29
Q

The inner ear…
A.
consist of the bony and membranous labyrinths
B.
includes the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea
C.
is involved in hearing but not in equilibrium
D.
A and B are correct
E.
A, B, and C are correct

A

D

30
Q

What is the function of the ossicles?

A

They transfer the vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the oval window

31
Q 
Which of the following are NOT accessory structures of the eye?
 	A.	
intrinsic eye muscles
 	B.	
extrinsic eye muscles
 	C.	
eyelashes
 	D.	
eyebrows
 	E.	
eyelids
A

A

32
Q

Which of the following is the function of the eyelids?
A.
cover the eyes while sleeping
B.
shield the eyes from debris or excessive light
C.
spread lubricating substances over the eyeballs
D.
A and B are correct
E.
A, B and C are correct

A

E

33
Q 
In relation to the eye, rods...
 	A.	
are able to function at low light levels
 	B.	
allow grey-scale vision but not colour vision
 	C.	
are photoreceptors concentrated at the centre of the retina
 	D.	
A and B are correct
 	E.	
A, B and C are correct
A

D

34
Q 
With reference to the eye, cones...
 	A.	
outnumber rods
 	B.	
function only at low light levels
 	C.	
allow colour vision
 	D.	
are concentrated at the periphery of the retina
 	E.	
are most critical for night vision
A

C

35
Q

The area of highest visual acuity is the…

A

Central fovea

36
Q

The aqueous humor…

A

Nourishes the cornea and the lens

37
Q

Which of the following is NOT correct?
A.
The cornea and the lens refract light on to the retina
B.
The shape of the lens can be modified to adjust the degree of refraction
C.
Images projected on the retina are inverted and reversed
D.
Accommodation is an increased curvature of the lens for near vision
E.
The longest distance at which an object can be focused is the near point

A

E

38
Q 
Each of the following is a special sense EXCEPT...
 	A.	
touch
 	B.	
taste
 	C.	
sight
 	D.	
sound
 	E.	
smell
A

A

39
Q

Which of the following is NOT correct?
A.
Humans wake and sleep in a circadian rhythm established by the reticular activation system
B.
The cerebral cortex is more active during wakefulness than in most stages of sleep
C.
Arousal from sleep involves the reticular activation system
D.
Consciousness is a state of wakefulness
E.
Sleep is a state of altered consciousness or unconsciousness from which a person can wake

A

A

40
Q 
REM sleep
 	A.	
occurs about every 90 minutes while asleep
 	B.	
is governed by the midbrain and pons
 	C.	
descreases as the person ages
 	D.	
A and B are correct
 	E.	
A, B and C are correct
A

E

41
Q 
Which of the following does NOT occur during sleep?
 	A.	
increased sympathetic activity
 	B.	
inhibition of skeletal muscle contractions
 	C.	
most dreaming during REM sleep
 	D.	
decreased heart rate
 	E.	
decreased blood pressure
A

A

42
Q

Nociceptors…

	A.	
are free nerve endings that detect pain
 	B.	
respond to intense or excessive chemical, mechanical or thermal stimuli
 	C.	
are found in every tissue of the body and adapt slowly
 	D.	
A and B are correct
 	E.	
A, B and C are correct
A

D

43
Q

Gustatory hallucinations occur via…

A

tasting things others don’t taste

44
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a general somatic sense?
 	A.	
touch of a feather
 	B.	
warmth of a fire
 	C.	
fullness of the urinary bladder
 	D.	
pain of a paper cut
 	E.	
awareness of position
A

c

45
Q

Situations were people are more likely to hallucinate…

	A.	
Sleep deprivation
 	B.	
Sensory deprivation
 	C.	
After taking psychoactive substances
 	D.	
In situations of high stress
 	E.	
All of the above
A

E

A&P (9 decks)

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