Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Name some causes of sensorineural hearing loss in children

A 
Genetic
Congenital infection
Pre-term
HIE
Hyperbilirubinaemia
Meningitis/encephalitis 
Head injury 
Aminoglycosides and furosemide
Neurodegenerative disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can we manage a sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Amplification
Cochlear implant
Education for home and school

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the causes of conductive hearing losses in children?

A

Otitis media with effusion
Eustachian tube dysfunction - Downs, cleft palate
Wax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the medical term for a squint?

A

Strabismus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give some causes of squints in children?

A

Refractive errors
Cataracts
Retinoblastoma
Intraocular causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which kind of refractive error is more common in children?

A

Hypermetropia

Long sightedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is amblyopia?

A

A potentially permanent decrease in the visual acuity in an eye that has not received a clear image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name some genetic causes of visual impairment in children

A

Cataracts
Albinism
Retinal dystrophy
Retinoblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the commonest organisms causing otitis media?

A

Strep pneumoniae
H. Influenzae
Viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is seen on examination of otitis media?

A

Red, inflamed, bulging tympanic membrane

Loss of light reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the management of otitis media?

A

Most resolve spontaneously
Paracetamol
Amoxicillin if needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the complications of otitis media?

A

Conductive deafness
Mastoiditis
Glue ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does retinoblastoma present?

A

White pupillary reflex

Squint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the cure rate for retinoblastoma?

A

98%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most common type of bone cancer in children?

A

Osteosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Osteosarcoma tends to affect which bones?

A

The long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the survival rate for osteosarcoma in children?

A

65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the management of osteosarcoma in children?

A

Surgery and chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many days after exposure will a child present with symptoms of chickenpox?

A

14 to 17 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does the child with chickenpox present?

A

Fever then rash
Rash is macules, vesicles and crusting
Sometimes mucosal involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the complications of chickenpox?

A

Pneumonia
Secondary infection
Encephalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the management of chickenpox?

A

Supportive management

Do not give ibuprofens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do we prevent immunosuppressed children from getting complications of chickenpox?

A

Zoster immune globulin after exposure

Aciclovir if any signs of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is another name for Ritter’s syndrome?

A

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A

Triggered by staph infection

Can cause systemic illness and shock symptoms

26
Q

How do we manage staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome?

A

IV Antibiotics

Systemic support

27
Q

What is scarlet fever?

A

Group A strep tonsillitis

Erythematous rash, sandpaper-like skin and inflamed, strawberry tongue

28
Q

What are the complications of scarlet fever?

A

Glomerulonephritis

Rheumatic fever

29
Q

What is the management of scarlet fever?

A

Penicillin

30
Q

How soon after exposure does one develop measles symptoms?

A

10-14 days

31
Q

Describe the rash seen in measles

A

Morbilliform

Macular lesions, red, 2-10mm diameter

32
Q

Apart from the rash, what are the other symptoms of measles?

A

Cough
Fever
Conjunctivitis
Irritability

33
Q

What are Koplik’s spots?

A

White spots that appear in the mouth with measles

34
Q

Describe the lesions of impetigo

A

Sticky, heaped up, golden coloured crusts

35
Q

What is the most common bacterial cause of impetigo?

A

Staph aureus

36
Q

What is the management of impetigo?

A

Oral flucloxacillin or erythromycin

Abx cream if <5 lesions

37
Q

What is the medical term for headlice?

A

Pediculosis capitis

38
Q

What is the management of head lice?

A

Regularly comb out eggs with extra fine comb

Anti-pediculosis shampoo

39
Q

Describe what is seen on examination of eczema

A

Erythematous
Wet ‘weeping’ areas
Dry scaly
Thickened skin

40
Q

Which organisms are likely to cause a secondary infection with eczema?

A

Herpes zoster

Staph

41
Q

How do we treat eczema in children?

A 
Emollients
Ointment
Wet wraps
Topical steroids
Immuno modulators (topical or oral)
42
Q

Describe what is seen in psoriasis

A

Erythematous plaques with a silvery or white scale on the extensor surfaces

43
Q

Guttate psoriasis is linked to which condition?

A

Strep tonsillitis

44
Q

What distinguishes the lesions of guttate psoriasis?

A

Drop shaped

45
Q

What is the management of psoriasis?

A

Emollients
Ointments
Topical vitamins D analogues
Coal tar

46
Q

What are the symptoms of Kawasaki disease?

A

Fever for greater than five days
Macular erythematous rash
Peeling skin typically at fingers and toes
Lymphadenopathy
Mucosal changes: cracked lips and strawberry tongue
Conjunctivitis

47
Q

What is the severe risk associated with Kawasaki disease?

A

Coronary artery aneurysms

48
Q

How do we manage Kawasaki disease?

A

Immunoglobulin

Aspirin

49
Q

What is the management of allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Topical anti-inflammatory drops

Topical antihistamines

50
Q

What is the management of allergic rhinitis?

A

Allergy avoidance
Antihistamines
Topical steroids

51
Q

What are the common organisms causing tonsillitis?

A

EBV

Group A beta haemolytic strep

52
Q

What are the components of the fever pain score?

A 
Fever
Purulent tonsils
Attends rapidly
Inflamed tonsils
No cough
53
Q

Which antibiotic should be given for bacterial tonsillitis and for how long?

A

Penicillin V or erythromycin

10 days

54
Q

How does Scarlet fever occur?

A

A group A strep infection can result in scarlet fever

Most common in 5 to 12-year-olds

55
Q

What are the symptoms of scarlet fever?

A 
Fever
Headache
Sandpaper-like maculopapular rash
Flushed cheeks with perioral sparing
White tongue
56
Q

What are the complications of scarlet fever?

A

Glomerulonephritis

Rheumatic fever

57
Q

What tends to proceed a preseptal cellulitis?

A

Upper respiratory tract infection or sinusitis

58
Q

What investigation is needed if someone presents with preseptal cellulitis?

A

CT scan to rule out orbital involvement

59
Q

What is the management of preseptal cellulitis?

A

Oral Co-amoxiclav

60
Q

What are viral exanthems?

A

Skin rashes or eruptions caused by a viral infections

Paediatrics (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions