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Special senses > Special senses > Flashcards

Special senses Flashcards

1
Q 
Lacrimal glands are located on which surface of the eye:
A) deep.
B) lateral.
C) medial.
D) inferior.
E) superior.
A

B) lateral.

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2
Q 
2. Which of the external eye muscles is controlled by cranial nerve VI (abducens):
A) lateral rectus.
B) medial rectus.
C) inferior rectus.
D) superior rectus.
E) inferior oblique.
A

lateral rectus.

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3
Q 
3. Tough, white connective tissue forms this portion of the fibrous layer of the eye:
A) retina.
B) sclera.
C) cornea.
D) choroid.
E) conjunctiva.
A

B) sclera

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4
Q 
The gland that produces tears in the eye is called the:
A) tarsal gland.
B) ciliary gland.
C) lacrimal gland.
D) sebaceous gland.
E) ceruminous gland.
A

C) lacrimal gland.

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5
Q 
The pupil is an opening within the:
A) iris.
B) lens.
C) retina.
D) sclera.
E) choroid.
A

A) iris.

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6
Q

Inflammation of the conjunctiva involves which of the following:
A) extrinsic eye muscles.
B) glands that produce tears.
C) circular band surrounding the pupil.
D) portion of the eye that contains the optic nerve.
E) delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the front of the eyeball.

A

E) delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the front of the eyeball.

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7
Q 
Which region of the retina contains only cones and is the sharpest area of visual acuity:
A) retina.
B) sclera.
C) cornea.
D) choroid.
E) fovea centralis.
A

E) fovea centralis.

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8
Q
  1. The transparent central anterior portion of the sclera through which light enters the eye is called the:
A)	iris.
B)	pupil.
C)	retina.
D)	cornea.
E)	choroid.
A

D) cornea.

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9
Q
  1. The middle coat of the eyeball that contains pigment which prevents light from scattering in the eyeball is the:
A)	pupil.
B)	retina.
C)	sclera.
D)	cornea.
E)	choroid.
A

A) choroid.

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10
Q

10 Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones:

A)	iris.
B)	retina.
C)	sclera.
D)	choroid.
optic nerve
A

A) retina.

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11
Q
  1. The pigmented portion of the eye that has a rounded opening through which light passes is the:
A)	iris.
B)	lens.
C)	retina.
D)	sclera.
E)	cornea.
A

A) iris.

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12
Q
  1. The three sets of color receptors within the retina are sensitive to wavelengths of visible light that are:
A)	blue, green, and red.
B)	red, blue, and yellow.
C)	red, green, and yellow.
D)	green, yellow, and purple.
E)	orange, green, and purple.
A

A) blue, green, and red.

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13
Q
  1. Which area of the retina lacks rods and cones and therefore does not detect images:
A)	choroid.
B)	optic disc.
C)	optic nerve.
D)	ciliary body.
E)	fovea centralis.
A

A) optic disc.

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14
Q
  1. The aqueous humor of the eye is reabsorbed into venous blood through the:
A)	pupil.
B)	ciliary body.
D)	nasolacrimal duct.
E)	inferior lacrimal canal.
E) scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)
A

E) scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)

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15
Q

Which one of the following is NOT true of color blindness:

A) it results from lack of cones.
B) it occurs most often in women.
C) it is sex-linked, inherited homeostatic imbalance.
D) lack of red or green receptors is the most common type.
E) it is caused by a defect in genes on the X (female) sex chromosome.

A

B) it occurs most often in women.

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16
Q
  1. The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the:
A)	ciliary body.
B)	choroid coat.
C)	vitreous humour.
D)	aqueous humour.
E)	canal of Schlemm.
A

A) vitreous humour.

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17
Q 
16.	What structure of the eye focuses light on the retina:
A)	iris.
B)	lens.
C)	sclera.
D)	choroid.
E)	optic chiasma.
A

A) lens.

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18
Q
  1. The inability to see distant objects is termed “nearsighted” or:
A)	myopia.
B)	hyperopia.
C)	presbyopia.
D)	astigmatism.
E)	emmetropia.
A

A) myopia

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19
Q
  1. Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye:
    A) cornea, aqueous humour, lens, vitreous humour.
    B) aqueous humour, cornea, lens, vitreous humour.
    C) vitreous humour, lens, aqueous humour, cornea.
    D) cornea, lens, aqueous humour, vitreous humour.
    E) lens, aqueous humour, cornea, vitreous humour.
A

A) vitreous humour, lens, aqueous humour, cornea.

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20
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT associated with the middle ear:
A)	auricle.
B)	ossicles.
C)	oval window.
D)	round window.
E)	pharyngotympanic tube.
A

B) ossicles.

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21
Q
  1. Sound waves entering the external auditory canal hit the eardrum, also known as the:
A)	pinna.
B)	auricle.
C)	ossicles.
D)	oval window.
E)	tympanic membrane.
A

E) tympanic membrane.

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22
Q
  1. Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the:
A)	auricle.
B)	ossicle.
C)	oval window.
D)	auditory tube.
E)	spiral organ of Corti.
A

E) spiral organ of Corti.

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23
Q
  1. The pathway of vibrations through the ossicles from the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to the oval window is:
A)	malleus, incus, stapes.
B)	incus, malleus, stapes.
C)	stapes, incus, malleus.
D)	malleus, stapes, incus.
E)	stapes, malleus, incus.
A

E) stapes, malleus, incus.

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24
Q

Equilibrium receptors are located in the:

A)	ossicles.
B)	inner ear.
C)	middle ear.
D)	external ear.
E)	tympanic membrane.
A

B) inner ear.

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25
Q
  1. An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory tube to the:
A)	eardrum.
B)	outer ear.
C)	inner ear.
D)	middle ear.
E)	semi-circular canals.
A

D) middle ear.

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26
Q 
26.	The auditory ossicle called the "anvil" is also called the:
A)	incus
B)	stapes
C)	malleus.
D)	cochlea.
E)	bony labyrinth.
A

B) stapes

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27
Q
  1. Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the:

A) vibration of the tympanic membrane.
B) movement of otoliths along hair cells.
C) transmission of light through the lens.
D) sound waves traveling through the cochlea.
E) stimulation of hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti.

A

B) movement of otoliths along hair cells.

28
Q
  1. Dynamic equilibrium receptors are found in the:
A)	cochlea.
B)	malleus.
C)	vestibule.
D)	oval window.
E)	semi-circular canals.
A

A) semi-circular canals.

29
Q 
26.	Hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called:
A)	rod cells.
B)	hair cells.
C)	Corti cells.
D)	cone cells.
E)	ceruminous cells
A

B) hair cells.

30
Q
  1. Which cranial nerve transmits hearing and equilibrium information to the brain:
A)	trochlear (IV).
B)	trigeminal (V).
C)	abducens (VI).
D)	oculomotor (III).
E)	vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII).
A

A) vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII).

31
Q
  1. Sensorineural deafness occurs when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells of the:
A)	ossicles.
B)	round window.
C)	Semi-circular canals.
D)	spiral organ of Corti.
E)	spiral organ of Corti or cochlear nerve.
A

A) spiral organ of Corti.

32
Q
  1. Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to:
A)	sight.
B)	smell.
C)	hearing.
D)	dynamic equilibrium.
E)	both hearing and dynamic equilibrium.
A

A) smell.

33
Q
  1. Which one of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation:
A)	salty.
B)	sour.
C)	bitter.
D)	sweet.
E)	pungent.
A

E) pungent.

34
Q
  1. Which one of the following nerves serves the anterior tongue:
A)	facial.
B)	vagus.
C)	cochlear.
B)	vestibular.
C)	glossopharyngeal.
A

A) facial.

35
Q
  1. Which one of the following cranial nerves is NOT involved in either taste or smell:
A)	vagus (X).
B)	facial (VII).
C)	olfactory (I).
D)	vestibular (VIII).
E)	glossopharyngeal (IX)
A

D) vestibular (VIII).

36
Q
  1. Stimulation of sour receptors occurs in response to:
A)	salt.
B)	sugar.
C)	lemons.
D)	beef steak.
E)	saccharine.
A

A) lemons.

37
Q
  1. The congenital condition of “crossed eyes” is also known as:
A)	myopia.
B)	hyperopia.
C)	strabismus.
D)	presbyopia.
E)	hemianopia.
A

strabismus.

38
Q
  1. The fusion of ear bones is known as:
A)	otitis.
B)	strabismus.
C)	hemianopia.
D)	otosclerosis.
E)	presbycusis.
A

D) otosclerosis.

39
Q
  1. The only special sense that is NOT fully functional at birth is:
A)	taste
B)	smell
C)	touch.
D)	vision.
E)	hearing.
A

A) vision.

40
Q
  1. The cornea is a transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye.
A

TRUE

41
Q
  1. The choroid consists of an outer, pigmented layer and an inner, neural layer which is home to rods and
A

FALSE

42
Q
  1. The pupil is the circular opening in the iris through which light passes.
A

TRUE

43
Q
  1. Gross eye movements are produced by five extrinsic eye muscles attached to the outer surface of each eye.
A

FALSE

44
Q
  1. Cones enable vision in dim light.
A

FALSE

45
Q
  1. The ciliary body is a smooth muscle structure to which the lens is attached.
A

TRUE

46
Q
  1. There are two varieties of cones; one responds to red light and the other responds to green light.
A

FALSE

47
Q
  1. An astigmatism results from unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens.
A

TRUE

48
Q
  1. The normal resting eye is generally “set” for distant vision.
A

TRUE

49
Q

The middle ear is a fluid-filled cavity.

A

FALSE

50
Q
  1. The function of the auditory tube is to transmit sound vibrations.
A

FALSE

51
Q

The “stirrup” is also referred to as the stapes.

A

TRUE

52
Q
  1. The bony labyrinth of the internal ear consists of the cochlea, vestibule, and the semicircular canals.
A

TRUE

53
Q
  1. In order to hear sound, vibrations pass from the eardrum to the ossicles, and on to the oval window.
A

TRUE

54
Q
  1. Dynamic equilibrium receptors report the position of the head with respect to the pull of gravity when the body is not moving.
A

FALSE

55
Q
  1. Conduction deafness may result from earwax buildup or the fusion of the ossicles.
A

TRUE

56
Q
  1. Unlike the taste sensation, it is NOT necessary to have the chemicals associated with smells dissolved in body fluids.
A

FALSE

57
Q
  1. The olfactory receptors are responsible for the sense of taste.
A

FALSE

58
Q
  1. There are five basic taste sensations that correspond to one of the five major types of taste buds.
A

TRUE

59
Q
  1. Describe the pathway of light through the eyeball and the process of light refraction.
A

light travels through the cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor before being focused on the retina during normal vision.

60
Q
  1. Why are there two humours within the eye? Explain the location and role of each humour.
A

The Anterior Chamber is filled with Aqueous Humor.Aqueous Humour is a clear, watery Fluid that fills the space between the back surface of thecornea and the front surface of the vitreous, bathing the lens (The anterior and posterior chambers.Both are located in the front part of the eye, in front of the lens). The eye receives oxygen throughtheaqueous.Its function is to nourish the cornea, iris, and lens by carrying nutrients, it removeswaste products excreted from the lens, and maintain intraocular pressure and thus maintains theshape of the eye. This gives the eye its shape. It must be clear to function properly.

Vitreous Humour (Chamber) is the transparent, colorless gelatinous mass that fills rear two-thirds of the eyeball, between the lens and the retina. It has to be clear so light can pass through it and it has to be there or eye would collapse.

61
Q
  1. Describe the role of the lens in vision. Name and explain the disease caused by the hardening of the lens.
A

The role of the lens is to focus light on the retina and the disease that causes hardening of the lens is called cataracts.

62
Q
  1. Explain the mechanism of hearing
A

Sound funnels into the ear canal and causes the eardrum to move. Sound vibrations move through the ossicles to the cochlea. Sound vibrations cause the fluid in the cochlea to move. … Theauditorynerve sends signals to the brain where they are interpreted as sounds.

63
Q
  1. Explain static and dynamic equilibrium and their interrelationships.
A

Static equilibrium is regulated by the maculae of the vestibule. The maculae report on the position of the head with respect to the pull of gravity when the body is at rest. Each macula is a patch of receptor cells embedded in the otolithic membrane. The otolithic membrane contains otoliths which roll in response to changes in the pull of gravity. This movement causes the hair cells of the membrane to bend, sending impulses along the vestibular nerve to the cerebellum, relating information regarding the position of the head in space. Dynamic equilibrium is regulated by the semicircular canals. The crista ampullaris of the membranous semicircular canal consists of a tuft of hair cells and their gelatinous cap called the cupula. Movement of the head causes the cupula to move in the opposite direction, stimulating the hair cells, which then transmit impulses up the vestibular nerve to the cerebellum. Static and dynamic equilibrium work together to provide information to the cerebellum to help control balance.

64
Q
  1. Explain why humans tend to dislike bitter tasting substances.
A

Our dislike for bitter-tasting substances is actually protective. Many natural poisons and spoiled
foods have a bitter taste. The bitter taste results from alkaloids.

65
Q
  1. Discuss the age-related disorders presbyopia and presbycusis. Identify the structures each disorder affects.
A

Presbyopia literally means ʺ old visionʺ and occurs around age 40 and later. As we age, the lens of the eye becomes less elastic. As a result, we have a difficult time focusing on things close to us, such as reading a newspaper, and we essentially become farsighted.

 Presbycusis is a type of sensorineural deafness that often occurs as we age into our sixties. The deterioration and atrophy of the organ of Corti lead to a loss in the ability to hear high tones and speech sounds. In some cases of
presbycusis, the ossicles of the ear fuse leading to difficulty conducting sound in the inner ear.

Special senses (1 decks)

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