Special Senses Flashcards
Smell is also called
Olfactory
How many olfactory neurons are located in the olfactory epithelium
10 million
The olfactory pathway terminates in the olfactory cortex of the frontal or
Temporal lobe
The projections on the surface of the tongue are called
Papilla
Name sensory cells that are continuously replaced
Taste cells
Olfactory cells
What’s the normal life span of taste cells
10 days
What nerves transmit taste sensation
CN X vagus
CN IX glossopharyneal
CN VII Facial
The limbic and hypothalamus are considered…..
Secondary olfactory areas
Four major types of papillae
Filiform
Val late
Foliage
Fungiform
Most numerous papillae on the tongue but has no taste buds
Provides rough surface on the tongue allowing for manipulation of food
Filiform
Which cell in a taste bud is a sensory cell
Gustatory cells
Non sensory cells
Basal and supporting cells
Accessory eye structures
Conjunctiva
Lacrimal apparatus
Which nerve carries taste sensation from the epiglottis
CN X vagus nerve
Taste sensations are carried by three cranial nerves
Facial nerve CN VII
Glossopharynegeal nerve CN IX
Vagus nerve CN X
The central olfactory cortex areas are located in the
Temporal and frontal lobes
Conjunctiva
Mucus membrane protecting inner surface of eyelid and anterior surface of sclera
Lacrimal apparatus
Protect and lubricates the eyes through tears
Middle layer of eyeball wall
Vascular tunic
Palpebrae aka
Eyelids
Outer layer of the eyeball is
Fibrous tunic
White outer layer that protects internal eye structures, maintain eye shape, and provide attachment point for the extrinsic muscles of the eye
Sclera
Eyeball tunic layer order inner to outer
Nervous tunic
Vascular tunic
Fibrous tunic
Fibrous tunic
Sclera and cornea
Vascular tunic
Choroid and ciliary body
Nervous tunic
Retina
Which eye structure control pupil size
Iris
Avascular transparent structure that refracts light as it enters the eye
Cornea
Retina receptor cells
Cones and rods
Portion of retina with the greatest visual acuity is called
Fovea centralis
Optic disc doesn’t contain photoreceptors and doesn’t respond to light
Blind spot
Increased intraocular pressure
Glaucoma
Nerve and blood cells enter and exit the retina at the
Optic disc
Jelly like substance found in the vitreous chamber of the eye
Vitreous humor
Transparent biconcave eye structure
Lens
Anterior chamber
Between cornea and iris
Posterior chamber
Between iris and lens
Vitreous chamber
Mostly surrounded by the retina
Bending of light
Refraction
Lens structure
Transparent and biconvex
Near vision lens are
Rounded
Distant vision lens are
Flattened
At focal point
No image forms
Ability to focus an image on the retina so that it’s clear
Visual acuity
What is focal point
The point where light rays cross after passing through a concave lens
Outermost cells of neural layer of the retina are
Ganglion cells
In distant vision the lens is
Flatter than in near vision
Action potential passage towards optic nerve
Photoreceptor
Bipolar cell
Ganglion cell
Photoreceptor cells responsible for color vision and visual acuity
Cone cells
Relaxed ciliary muscles lens are
More flat
Occipital lobe is the location of the
Visual cortex
Inner ear structures
Semicircular canals
Vestibule
Cochlea
Separate external ear from middle ear
Tympanic membrane
External ear structure
External auditory canal
Auricle
During light conditions, rod function
Decreases
Neuronal pathways for hearing
Cochlear ganglion
Medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
Cochlear nucleus in medulla oblongata
Cochlear duct
Between vestibular membranes and basilar membrane
Scala tympani
Below the spiral lamina and basilar membrane
Scala vestibuli
Above the spiral lamina and vestibular membrane
Neuronal pathway from cochlear nerve to cerebral cortex
Cochlear ganglion
Cochlear nucleus in medulla oblongata
Inferior colliculus
Medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe
Neuronal pathway for balance
Vestibular nucleus
Thalamus
Vestibulocochlear nerve
