Special Procedures and Non-Conventional Ventilatory Techniques Flashcards
Which cells secrete surfactant
Type II
True or False: Phospholipids are an integral part of surfactant
True
Which of the surface proteins (A,B,C or D) in surfactant support the physiologic activity of surfactant?
B and C
Death is usually the result (unless a lung transplant can take place) if which of the surface proteins is low or deficient?
B
Which type of surfactant lacks proteins? Synthetic or natural?
synthetic
What is the dose of Infasurf
3 mL/kg
What is the dose for Survanta
4 mL/kg
What is the dose for Curosurf
2.5 mL/kg
What is the dose for Surfaxin?
5.8 mL/kg
If we decide to deliver surfactant to a neonate who has developed RDS, is this prophylactic or rescue treatment?
Rescue
Delivering surfactant to an infant at high risk of developing RDS would be considered: (prophylactic or rescue)
prophylactic
How is surfactant delivered?
directly - through the ET tube
True or False: surfactant therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of developing BPD
True
What ventilator parameters should you expect to decrease after surfactant administration?
Vt, Pressures, FiO2
Is bradycardia in an infant a sign of improvement or decline?
decline
What are the hazards of High-Frequency Ventilation?
gas trapping, hyperinflation, secretions obstructing airway, hypotension, and necrotizing tracheobronchitis
When assessing adequate ventilation, what does the clinical look for in the chest assessment of a neonate on high-frequency ventilation?
chest wall vibration (wiggle)
Ventilating the patient as low pressures is a benefit of high-frequency ventilation. This reduces the risk of
barotrauma
True or False: HFOV produces both a positive and a negative stroke
True
High-Frequency Ventilation (HFV) delivers respiratory rates that are great than
150 per minute
iNO must be delivered in conjunction with
Oxygen
Which type of HFV delivers the highest rates?
HFOV, High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation
What are the hazards of iNO
increased levels of nitrogen dioxide, and methemoglobinemia
Titrating and withdrawal of iNO should be done (quickly or slowly)
slowly
ECLS (extracorporeal life support) is initiated in infants at ______% chance mortality or greater.
80
What is the mixture of helium and oxygen called?
heliox
Which ECLS route supports cardiac output?
venoarterial
What is the purpose fo the patient bridge in the ECLS circuit?
to maintain patency of circuit when patient is not connected
What are the hazards/complications of ECLS
bleeding, hypotension or hypertension, anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, infeciton risk
Is partial liquid ventilation compatible with surfactant?
yes
What are the benefits of negative pressure ventilation?
little risk of barotrauma, little risk of complications associated with invasive positive pressure ventilation, and the cardiac system is not compromised like it is with positive pressure ventilation.
True or False: There is a decreased risk of pneumothorax with HFV than with traditional ventilator modes and parameters
True
Which type of HFV, according to our text, is used in tandem with a conventional ventilator?
High Frequency Jet Ventilation (HFJV)
What is the name of the chemical used for partial liquid ventilation therapy?
perfluorochemicals (PFCs)
