Special Pro 2 (2) Flashcards
are diagnostic agests that are instilled into body orifice or injected into vascular system, joints, and ducts to enhance subject contrast in anatomic areas where low subject contrast
CONTRAST MEDIA
TYPES OF CM
Positive Contrast Media
Negative Contrast Media
Borium Sulfate (BaSO.) and Iodine (1)
Radiopaque or Appears white (decreased density) on radiograph
Composed of clements with HIGH ATOMIC NUMBER
Postive Contrast Media
Are diagnostic agents that are instilled into body orifice or injected into the vascular system, joints, ducts to enhance subject contrast in anatomic areas where there is low subject contrast
Contras Media
High atomic number CM
Appears White/ Radiopaque
Low atomic number CM
Appears Black/ radiolucent
POSITIVE CONTRAST MEDIA
High atomic number
Atomic number of Barium sulphate
56
Mass number of BaSO4
137
Best recommendation for mixing barium preparations in barium enema study - Follow the manufacturer’s instructions
Barium Sulphate
NEGATIVE CONTRAST MEDIA
Low atomic number
What is commonly used in Negative contrast?
Air, carbon dioxide and oxygen
The most common contrast media in veterinary radiography, can also be used in urinary bladder (pneumocystogram), gastrointestinal frequently used negative comoon, an in joints (negative arthrogram).
Air
_____ are the most frequently used contrast media.
Carbon dioxide and air
Who first introduced BaSO4 and in what year?
FRITZ MUNK in 1896
_____ are credited with the 1” used of barium sulphate.
BACHEM AND GUNTHER
Chemical formula of Barium Sulphate
BaSO4
Chemical compound of barium sulphate
1atom of barium
1 atom of sulphur
4 atoms of oxygen
term where a compound is not completely dissolved in water.
Colloidal suspension
It has tendency to clump and comes out of suspension
flocculation
is added to barium sulphate preparation to gastrointestinal tract examinations to avoid precipitation
Gum of acacia
Stabilizing agents, anti-caking, anti-flocculation such as
- Sodium carbonate
- Sodium citrate
- Carboxyl-Methyl Cellulose-Anti Foaming
- Dimethypolysiloxone-Anti Foaming
REASON FOR BARIUM SULPHATE AS AN IDEAL CONTRAST MEDIA FOR GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
- Ideal radiographic contrast
- Non-absorbable
- Non-toxic
- Stable suspension
PROPERTIES OF BARIUM SULPHATE
CONCENTRATION
PARTICLE SIZE
VISCOSITY
THIXOTROPY
ADDITIVES
SIDE EFFECTS OF BARIUM SULPHATE
- Bloating
- Constipation
3 Cramping - Nausea
- Vomiting
6 Stomach or lower abdominal pain
7 Tightness in chest - Troubled breathing
- Wheezing
TYPES OF BARIUM SULPHATE
COMMERCIAL
PLAIN BaSO4
FOUR PHYSICAL STATES OF CONTRAST MEDIA
OIL
TABLETS
POWDER
LIQUID
Contrast agents salts of electrically negatively charged acids containing iodine that ionizes in solution and causes
more patient discomfort.
IONIC CONTRAST MEDIA/ High Osmolar Contrast Media (HOCM)
Contrast agents of electrically negatively charged acids containing lodine that does not lonizes in a solution and is safer, less painful and better tolerated by patients.
NON-IONIC CONTRAST MEDIA/ Low Osmolar Contras Media
Contrast agents of electrically negatively charged acids containing lodine that does not lonizes in a solution and is safer, less painful and better tolerated by patients.
NON-IONIC CONTRAST MEDIA
Test done to check the patient tolerance to CM
Sensitivity Test
To serve as a test dose , how many cc of CM is given
1
It is injected to patient for any allergic reaction
Antihistamine
TYPES OF SENSITIVITY TEST
SCLERAL METHOD
SUBLINGUAL METHOD
INTRADERMAL
INTRAVENOUS
What method is One drop of CM is put into the sclera (white part of the eyeball
SCLERAL METHOD
What method is one drop of CM is deposited into the inferior base of the tongue.
SUBLINGUAL METHOD
What method is One cc of CM is deposited just beneath the skin
INTRADERMAL METHOD
what method is One cc of CM is injected into the vein.
INTRAVENOUS METHOD
REACTIONS TO CONTRAST MEDIA
MINOR REACTION
MAJOR REACTION
SEVERE REACTION
GENERAL CONTRAINDICATIONS TO AN INTRAVASCULAR CONTRAST MEDIA
- Previous severe reaction
- Heart disease
- Hepatic failure
- Renal failure
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Pregnancy
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS ABOUT DRUGS
- DRUGS/MEDICATION
2 CHEMICAL NAME - GENERIC NAME
- OFFICIAL NAME
- TRADE/BRAND/PROPRIETARY NAME
- BIOAVAILABILITY
- BIOTRANSFORMATION
8 CONTROLLED DRUGS - PHARMACOKINETICS
- THERAPEUTIC EFFECT
- IDIOSYNCRATIC EFFECT
12 ALLERGIC REACTION
5 RIGHTS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
- Right Drug
- Right Dose 3. Right Patient
- Right Route
- Right Time
Steps in the production of sterile solutions of contrast media
Preparations of solution
Filtration
Filling
Sterilizations
Visual Inspection
Types of Iodine Based Contrast Media
Ionic CM
Non-Ionic CM
Oily CM
Physiochemical properties of contrast media
Water solubility
Viscosity
Osmolality
atomic number of iodine
53
mass number of iodine
127
k-edge of barium sulphate
37.4 keV
k-edge of iodine
33.2 kev
Imaging that is mainluy used in the imaging of digestive system
barium enema
double contrast barium enema
barium swallow
barium meal
barium follow through
exposure factors for film screen imaging
Kilovoltage (kv)
milliamperage (mA)
exposure time
Image quality factors
density
contrast
resolution
distortion
checking microbial purity of cm
Membrane filters method
culture tube method
methods of administering contrast media
- Intravenously
- Administered and then concentrated or excreted
- Ingested or orally
- Injected directly to site of interest
- Rectally
- Injectrd and then caused to move to point of interest
- Drip infusion
- Bolus method
- Hand bolus method
four veins where you can i ject cm
median cephalic vein
veins in neck
veins in scalp
veins in ankle
2 methods of administration
direct method
indirect method
3 Indirect method in methods of Administration
oral
PO
Parenteral
Parenteral or via injection sites
Tropical
intradermal
intramuscular
intravenous subcutaneous
intrathecal
barium sulphate is administered through
orally
rectally
properties of baso4
non toxic
insoluble in water
stable suspension
odorless
