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CORE Nukes > SPECIAL - Nuclear Safety > Flashcards

SPECIAL - Nuclear Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Radiochemical purity

A

free pertechnetate; tested with thin layer chromatography

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2
Q

Chemical purity

A

alumina breakthrough; tested with color indicator paper

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3
Q

Radionuclide purity

A

Mo breakthrough; tested with dose calibrator with lead shield

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4
Q

Limit for radiochemical purity

A

95% for Tc-99m pertechnetate, 92% for Tc-99m sulfur colloid, 90% for all other Tc-99m

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5
Q

Isotopes produced from a generator

A

Tc-99m, rubidium; generators are used to produce short-lived isotopes

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6
Q

Limit for radionuclide purity

A

0.15 uCi of Mo per mCi of Tc-99m

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7
Q

Limit for chemical purity

A

10 ug of aluminum per mg of eluate

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8
Q

Shielding for a beta-minus emitter

A

plastic (low Z); lead (high Z) would result in Bremsstrahlung

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9
Q

How long do you have to keep radioactive material?

A

10 half lives; includes waste and contaminated materal (e.g. clothing, shoes)

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10
Q

Ring badge positioning

A

dominant hand, index or ring finger, label towards source (palm usually), under a glove (avoid contamination)

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11
Q

CFR 19

A

WORKERS; notices, instructions, and reports to worker

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12
Q

CFR 20

A

PROTECTION; standards for protection against radiation

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13
Q

CFR 35

A

MEDICAL USE; medical use of by-product material

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14
Q

Major spill threshold of 100 mCi

A

Tc-99m, Tl-201

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15
Q

Major spill threshold of 10 mCi

A

In-111, Ga-67, I-123

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16
Q

Major spill threshold of 1 mCi

A

I-131

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17
Q

Major spill procedure

A

clear area/alert => absorbent paper (stop spread) => shield if possible => lock door => report to RSO => decomination; DO NOT CLEAN

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18
Q

Minor spill procedure

A

notify people in area => absorbent paper => CLEAN up => survey with G-M => report to RSO

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19
Q

Criteria for disposing radioactive material

A

physical half-life <120 days, greater than 10 half-lives passed, activity indistinguishable from background at time of disposal, all labels removed, keep records for 3 years

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20
Q

Checklist for receiving goods

A

check within 3 hours on same day or start of next business day if received after hours; visually inspect package, check at surface and at 1 meter with survey meter, wipe test at surface, keep records for 3 years

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21
Q

Received goods with activity >200 mrem/hr at surface or >10 mrem/hr at 1 meter

A

notify RSO, NRC, and delivery company

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22
Q

What does TI stand for?

A

Transportation Index

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23
Q

What does TI measure?

A

dose rate at the time of shipping (written on label by manufacturer); TI is AT 1 METER

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24
Q

How is TI measured?

A

G-M counter used to measure mrem/hr at 1 meter

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25
Q

How often should a Geiger-Muller counter be calibrated?

A

annually

26
Q

How long to keep records for a reportable event?

A

3 years

27
Q

What is the frequency of an ambient radiation survey?

A

daily (at end of the work day) where written directives are prepared or administered

28
Q

Potential dose to others at which written instructions must be given to I-131 patients to minimize exposure

A

> 1 mSv

29
Q

Are outpatients actually measured before they leave our department?

A

only if the expected (calculated) exposure is >5 mSv to any individual

30
Q

Is there a dose limit to the caregiver of an individual who received I-131?

A

no regulated dose limit for caregiver, only that which does not cause health problems

31
Q

Resume breastfeeding after Tc-99m in…

A

12-24 hours

32
Q

Resume breastfeeding after I-123 in…

A

2-3 days

33
Q

Resume breastfeeding after I-131 in…

A

never (do NOT resume)

34
Q

Resume breastfeeding after FDG PET in…

A

no cessation required

35
Q

Resume breastfeeding after Tl-201, Ga-67, or In-111 in…

A

1-4 weeks

36
Q

Radiation limits for white I package label

A

<0.5 mrem/hr at surface; no TI; no special handling required

37
Q

Radiaiton limits for yellow II package label

A

<50 mrem/hr at surface AND <1 mrem/hr at 1 meter; special handling required

38
Q

Radiation limits for yellow III package label

A

<200 mrem/hr at surface OR <10 mrem/hr at 1 meter; special handling required

39
Q

Dose limit for an uncontrolled/unrestricted area?

A

<0.02 mSv/hr AND <1 mSv over 7 consecutive days

40
Q

Dose threshold for a controlled/restricted area?

A

> 0.02 mSv/hr; area under supervision of a person in charge of radiation protection

41
Q

What radiation level defines a “radiation area”?

A

Possible excess of 5 mrem/hr at 30 cm

42
Q

What radiation level defines a “high radiation area”?

A

Possible excess of 100 mrem/hr at 30 cm

43
Q

What radiation level defines a “very high radiation area”?

A

Possible excess of 5 Gy/hr at 30 cm; access needs to be restricted (e.g. lock on door)

44
Q

Medical events must be reported to NRC verbally within…

A

1 day of discovery

45
Q

Medical events must be reported to referring physican verbally within…

A

1 day of discovery

46
Q

Medical events must be reported to NRC in written form within…

A

15 days of discovery

47
Q

Personal dosimeter requirement?

A

individuals who are likely to receive >10% of allowable occupational exposure limits

48
Q

Maintenance of records?

A

Actions taken by management relative to the radiation protection program must be kept for 5 years. All other records need to be kept for 3 years.

49
Q

Diagnostic recordable event

A

wrong patient OR wrong radionuclide OR wrong dose (>20%) OR wrong route OR wrong site, AND whole body dose <50 mSv AND single organ dose <500 mSv

50
Q

Diagnostic reportable event (a.k.a. medical event)

A

wrong patient OR wrong radionuclide OR wrong dose (>20%) OR wrong route OR wrong site, AND whole body dose >50 mSv OR single organ dose >500 mSv; OR any administration that results in unintended permanent functional damage

51
Q

Therapeutic recordable event

A

dose administered differed from prescribed dose by >10%

52
Q

Therapeutic reportable event

A

dose administered differed from prescribed dose by >20%

53
Q

Pregnancy after I-131 treatment?

A

wait 6-12 months

54
Q

When is sterility/pyrogenicity of radiopharmaceuticals tested?

A

post-administration

55
Q

Criteria to release patient after I-131 treatment

A

dose received is <33 mCi, dose rate at 1 meter is <7 mrem/hr, potential dose to a maximally exposed person is <5 mSv; if patient does not meet at least 1 criteria, must admit to hospital

56
Q

Regulations for disposal of radioactive human waste

A

human excreta is not regulated

57
Q

Written directive from an authorized user is required for what dose of I-131?

A

30 uCi or higher

58
Q

How often must sealed sources have leak tests?

A

every 6 months

59
Q

Surface contamination limit for a radioactive material use area?

A

6600 dpm/300 cm^2 (measured with wipe test); limit is 10% for a non-RAM use area

60
Q

Precautions for Xe-133 use

A

low vent, charcoal trap; negative pressure room no longer required by NRC

61
Q

Exceed annual occupational limit by 5x

A

1 hour reporting to NRC

CORE Nukes (6 decks)

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