Special Fracture Flashcards
Mallet Finger
- Avulsion fracture of DIP, damage to extensor connective tissue
Mallet Finger MOI
- forced flexion of extended finger
Mallet Finger Treatment
- Finger extension brace for 6 weeks
- AROM exercises when brace is removed
Boxer’s Fracture
- Fracture of 4th or 5th metacarpal
Boxer’s Fracture MOI
- Hitting something with a closed fist
Boxer’s Fracture Treatment
- Closed reduction and casting
- ORIF if significant displacement
Scaphoid Fracture
- Fracture of scaphoid bone
- Prone to AVN and non-union
Scaphoid Fracture MOI
- Falling onto an outstretched hand (wrist ext w/ RD)
Scaphoid Fracture Treatment
- Closed reduction and casting
- ORIF and bone graft if blood supply is limited
Perilunate Fracture/Dislocation
- Fracture or dislocation occurs at or around the lunate carpal bone
- Often missed or misdiagnosed
Perilunate Fracture/Dislocation MOI
- high energy impact injury (usually young adults)
- Injury often occurs during hyperextension and ulnar deviation
Perilunate Fracture/Dislocation Treatment
- Immediate ORIF
Bennett’s Fracture
- fracture or dislocation of 1st metacarpal
- Can be very functionally limiting
Bennett’s Fracture MOI
Axial loading through a partially flexed thumb
Bennett’s Fracture Treatment
- Closed reduction and use of thumb splint
- ORIF if significant displacement
Colles’ Fracture (dinner fork deformity)
- Transverse fracture of distal radius
- Results in dorsal and lateral displacement
- Common in post-menopausal women or osteoporosis
Colles’ Fracture MOI
- Fall onto outstretched hand (wrist ext w/ compression)
Colles’ Fracture Treatment
- Closed reduction and casting
- ORIF if comminuted
Smith’s Fracture
- Fracture of distal radius
- Results in palmar and medial displacement
- Common in young men
Smith’s Fracture MOI
- Fall onto flexed and pronated wrist
- Blow to back of the hand
Smith’s Fracture Treatment
- Closed reduction and casting
- ORIF if comminuted
Monteggia Fracture
- Fracture of proximal-middle 1/3 of ulna
- Often occurs with radial head dislocation (often overlooked)
Monteggia Fracture MOI
- fall onto outstretched hand
- High energy trauma like MVA
Monteggia Fracture Treatment
- ORIF w/ rigid immobilization
Galeazzi Fracture
- Fracture of the distal 1/3 of radius
- Often accompanied with radioulnar joint disruption (dislocation)
Galeazzi Fracture MOI
- fall onto outstretched hand
- direct blow (MVA)
Galeazzi Fracture Treatment
- ORIF w/ rigid immobilization
Radial Head Fracture
- Valgus force to elbow causes impaction of radial head on capitulum of humerus
Radial Head Fracture MOI
- Axial loading through a pronated and partially flexed/outstretched arm
Radial Head Fracture Treatment
- ORIF
Humeral Fractures
- Occur proximally (older), diaphysis (younger), or distally (children)
Humeral Fractures MOI
- fall onto outstretched arm or elbow
- direct blow
Humeral Fractures Treatment
- Closed reduction w/ immobilization
- ORIF (less common)
Greenstick Fracture
- Occurs in children
- Periosteal sleeve remains intact
Greenstick Fracture MOI (3)
- Bending force
- Falls
- Direct blow
Greenstick Fracture Treatment
- Casting
Clavicle Fracture
- Fracture to middle 1/3 of clavicle
Clavicle Fracture MOI (2)
- Fall
- Direct blow to shoulder
Clavicle Fracture Treatment
- Figure 8 splint
- ORIF if significantly displaced
Femoral Shaft Fractures
- Often related to osteoporosis, cancer, and TKA
- Usually causes a lot of soft tissue injury
Femoral Shaft Fractures MOI
- High energy impact (MVA, sports)
Femoral Shaft Fractures Treatment
- IM rods
- ORIF
- External fixation
Tibial Plateau Fractures
- Fracture to tibial plateau
- Often occurs with meniscus and ligament damage
Tibial Plateau Fractures MOI
- Valgus force during axial loading to outside of knee fractures medial side of tibial plateau
Tibial Plateau Fractures Treatment
- Functional brace
- ORIF if displaced more than 5mm
Tibial Shaft Fractures
- Most commonly fracture long bone
- Often comminuted
Tibial Shaft Fractures MOI
- High energy trauma
Tibial Shaft Fractures Treatment
- IM rod
- ORIF
- External fixation
Talus Fracture
- Fracture of talus bone, considered intra-articular
- Prone to AVN and non-union
Talus Fracture MOI
- Fall from height or trauma
Talus Fracture Treatment
- ORIF and immobilization
Calcaneal Fracture MOI
- Falling from a height
Calcaneal Fracture Treatment
- Strict immobilization and elevation
- WBing restrictions
- Possible ORIF