Special Fracture Flashcards
1
Q
Mallet Finger
A
- Avulsion fracture of DIP, damage to extensor connective tissue
2
Q
Mallet Finger MOI
A
- forced flexion of extended finger
3
Q
Mallet Finger Treatment
A
- Finger extension brace for 6 weeks
- AROM exercises when brace is removed
4
Q
Boxer’s Fracture
A
- Fracture of 4th or 5th metacarpal
5
Q
Boxer’s Fracture MOI
A
- Hitting something with a closed fist
6
Q
Boxer’s Fracture Treatment
A
- Closed reduction and casting
- ORIF if significant displacement
7
Q
Scaphoid Fracture
A
- Fracture of scaphoid bone
- Prone to AVN and non-union
8
Q
Scaphoid Fracture MOI
A
- Falling onto an outstretched hand (wrist ext w/ RD)
9
Q
Scaphoid Fracture Treatment
A
- Closed reduction and casting
- ORIF and bone graft if blood supply is limited
10
Q
Perilunate Fracture/Dislocation
A
- Fracture or dislocation occurs at or around the lunate carpal bone
- Often missed or misdiagnosed
11
Q
Perilunate Fracture/Dislocation MOI
A
- high energy impact injury (usually young adults)
- Injury often occurs during hyperextension and ulnar deviation
12
Q
Perilunate Fracture/Dislocation Treatment
A
- Immediate ORIF
13
Q
Bennett’s Fracture
A
- fracture or dislocation of 1st metacarpal
- Can be very functionally limiting
14
Q
Bennett’s Fracture MOI
A
Axial loading through a partially flexed thumb
15
Q
Bennett’s Fracture Treatment
A
- Closed reduction and use of thumb splint
- ORIF if significant displacement
16
Q
Colles’ Fracture (dinner fork deformity)
A
- Transverse fracture of distal radius
- Results in dorsal and lateral displacement
- Common in post-menopausal women or osteoporosis
17
Q
Colles’ Fracture MOI
A
- Fall onto outstretched hand (wrist ext w/ compression)
18
Q
Colles’ Fracture Treatment
A
- Closed reduction and casting
- ORIF if comminuted
19
Q
Smith’s Fracture
A
- Fracture of distal radius
- Results in palmar and medial displacement
- Common in young men
20
Q
Smith’s Fracture MOI
A
- Fall onto flexed and pronated wrist
- Blow to back of the hand
21
Q
Smith’s Fracture Treatment
A
- Closed reduction and casting
- ORIF if comminuted
22
Q
Monteggia Fracture
A
- Fracture of proximal-middle 1/3 of ulna
- Often occurs with radial head dislocation (often overlooked)
23
Q
Monteggia Fracture MOI
A
- fall onto outstretched hand
- High energy trauma like MVA
24
Q
Monteggia Fracture Treatment
A
- ORIF w/ rigid immobilization
25
Galeazzi Fracture
- Fracture of the distal 1/3 of radius
- Often accompanied with radioulnar joint disruption (dislocation)
26
Galeazzi Fracture MOI
- fall onto outstretched hand
- direct blow (MVA)
27
Galeazzi Fracture Treatment
- ORIF w/ rigid immobilization
28
Radial Head Fracture
- Valgus force to elbow causes impaction of radial head on capitulum of humerus
29
Radial Head Fracture MOI
- Axial loading through a pronated and partially flexed/outstretched arm
30
Radial Head Fracture Treatment
- ORIF
31
Humeral Fractures
- Occur proximally (older), diaphysis (younger), or distally (children)
32
Humeral Fractures MOI
- fall onto outstretched arm or elbow
- direct blow
33
Humeral Fractures Treatment
- Closed reduction w/ immobilization
- ORIF (less common)
34
Greenstick Fracture
- Occurs in children
- Periosteal sleeve remains intact
35
Greenstick Fracture MOI (3)
- Bending force
- Falls
- Direct blow
36
Greenstick Fracture Treatment
- Casting
37
Clavicle Fracture
- Fracture to middle 1/3 of clavicle
38
Clavicle Fracture MOI (2)
- Fall
- Direct blow to shoulder
39
Clavicle Fracture Treatment
- Figure 8 splint
- ORIF if significantly displaced
40
Femoral Shaft Fractures
- Often related to osteoporosis, cancer, and TKA
- Usually causes a lot of soft tissue injury
41
Femoral Shaft Fractures MOI
- High energy impact (MVA, sports)
42
Femoral Shaft Fractures Treatment
- IM rods
- ORIF
- External fixation
43
Tibial Plateau Fractures
- Fracture to tibial plateau
- Often occurs with meniscus and ligament damage
44
Tibial Plateau Fractures MOI
- Valgus force during axial loading to outside of knee fractures medial side of tibial plateau
45
Tibial Plateau Fractures Treatment
- Functional brace
- ORIF if displaced more than 5mm
46
Tibial Shaft Fractures
- Most commonly fracture long bone
- Often comminuted
47
Tibial Shaft Fractures MOI
- High energy trauma
48
Tibial Shaft Fractures Treatment
- IM rod
- ORIF
- External fixation
49
Talus Fracture
- Fracture of talus bone, considered intra-articular
- Prone to AVN and non-union
50
Talus Fracture MOI
- Fall from height or trauma
51
Talus Fracture Treatment
- ORIF and immobilization
52
Calcaneal Fracture MOI
- Falling from a height
53
Calcaneal Fracture Treatment
- Strict immobilization and elevation
- WBing restrictions
- Possible ORIF
