Special Ed Flashcards
Using repetitive, rhyming texts for kindergarten read alouds would promote reading development by fostering _________________ .
Phonemic Awareness
Verb
Word used to describe an action,state or occurence. ( Run, Dance, think, believe, fear, want, wonder, am, is, are, was)
Adverb
A word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb. ( Gently, quietly, then, there)
Many adverbs usually end with _____
“-ly”
Some adverbs tell the location of an action or where it occurred for example :
Here, there, somewhere, in , out , upstairs
Instructional Reading Level
defined as 85 percent correct word recognition with at least 75 percent comprehension.
Independent Reading Level
level at which students can read 99 percent of the words correctly with 90 percent comprehension
A new high school student is being assessed. He reads a 500 word text. He misreads 35 words. At what level is he reading? A) Instructional level. B)Unsatisfactory level. C) Independent level. D)Merit level.
Instructional Level
According to the Assistive Technology Act, assistive devices are:
Any device that could help a disabled student in school or life functions.
In the first week of school, a resource teacher asks her high school students to make lists of things they know how to do well. How is this activity most useful to the teacher?
A)It establishes a feeling of success in her students from the start.
B)It is a formal assessment of prior knowledge.
C)It invites further discussion of each student’s unique contributions and will help the class bond with mutual respect.
D) It is an informal assessment of their writing skills and gives the teacher an idea of each student’s interests and abilities.
It is an informal assessment of their writing skills and gives the teacher an idea of each student’s interests and abilities.
This assignment gives the teacher an idea of her students’ writing abilities at the beginning of the year. She can return to this piece of writing during the school year to assess progress.
In the first week of school, a resource teacher asks her high school students to make lists of things they know how to do well. How could the teacher use the students’ lists in her lesson planning?
A) She can have the students exchange lists so they can find other students who share the same interests.
B) On the last day of school, she can return the lists and ask the students to add the new skills they’ve learned, so they can see how far they’ve come.
C) All of these answer choices.
D) She can use the lists when planning independent reading and research projects for each student.
C) All
The writing prompt is multipurpose. The teacher can use it in a number of ways, including planning independent reading and research projects for each student, inviting students to share their writing to find others with the same interests and as a way of demonstrating to each student their academic growth at the end of the school year.
A seventh grader with mild intellectual disabilities is having considerable trouble with algebra. His stepfather is trying to help, but the more he drills the girl, the less she seems to understand. The teacher suggests:
A) He calls a moratorium on at-home algebra work. The student is becoming less willing to work at school and the teacher is concerned she is losing confidence due to failure at home.
B) He continues drilling and enhances with pop quizzes. It may take the student longer to understand algebraic terms, expressions and equations, but with hard work she will eventually learn them.
C) He substitutes fun activities for math drills. Incorporating algebra blocks, math games, and applications of algebra to real-life situations will make math more fun and more relevant.
D) He continues drilling but breaks the study sessions into no more than 3 five-minute periods per day.
He substitutes fun activities for math drills. Incorporating algebra blocks, math games, and applications of algebra to real-life situations will make math more fun and more relevant.
Cerebral Palsy
an umbrella term that groups neurological childhood disorders that affect muscular control. It does not worsen over time and the cause is located in damaged areas of the brain that control muscle movement. Depending upon the severity of the disorder, a child with cerebral palsy might benefit from an AAC device to help in speaking, forearm crutches to assist in walking or a head pointer for a child whose best motor control is his head.
A four year old child has difficulty sorting plastic cubes, circles and triangles by color and shape, doesn’t recognize patterns or groups and doesn’t understand the relationship between little/big, tall/short, many/few. The child enjoys counting, but does not say the numbers in proper order nor recognize the meaning of different numbers. This child most likely:
A) Is developing within an acceptable range.
B) Has dysgraphia.
C) Has dyscalculia.
D) Is exhibiting signs of intellectual disabilities.
Has dyscalculia
Dyscalculia
a range of difficulties in math, such as the inability to understand numbers’ meanings, measurements, patterns, mathematical terms and the application of mathematic principals. Early clues include a young child’s inability to group items by size or color, recognize patterns or understand the meaning or order of numbers.
Response to Intervention (RTI) is:
A strategy for diagnosing learning disabilities in which a student receives research-supported interventions to correct an academic delay. If the interventions do not result in considerable improvement, the failure to respond suggests causal learning disabilities.
Sixth graders Alfie and Honesty ride the same bus. Honesty constantly teases Alfie. Alfie is embarrassed because he believes she is berating him. The bus driver told their teacher it was possible that Honesty is actually interested in Alfie, but doesn’t express it well. The best form of conflict resolution would be for the teacher to:
A) Take Honesty aside and teach her less embarrassing methods of getting a boy’s attention.
B) Take Honesty aside and explain boys don’t like overly aggressive girls.
C) Explain to Alfie that Honesty probably teases him because she likes him and he should take it as a compliment.
D) Suggest to Alfie that if he is disturbed by Honesty’s teasing, he have a calm, assertive conversation with her and tell her he doesn’t like it and insist she stop.
Suggest to Alfie that if he is disturbed by Honesty’s teasing, he have a calm, assertive conversation with her and tell her he doesn’t like it and insist she stop.
A special education teacher is creating a developmental history for a high school student. She wants to know when the teen reached certain behavioral, academic and developmental milestones. She should consult:
A) The student’s doctor and therapist. These professionals know how to elicit and document this information.
B) The student. Involving him in the process will make him more interested in his progress.
C) The parent or guardian because he or she has known the student from the beginning.
D) The student’s previous teachers. This information should be in the file.
The student’s parent or guardian, who has known the student throughout his life, is the correct answer. When compiling a developmental history it’s best to consult people who have had a close personal relationship with the student over his lifetime. They are the most likely to possess the greatest amount of information regarding the student’s development over time.
What’s a IFSP?
individualized family service plan ( for
students birth to 2 yr. 11 mo.)
What’s task analysis?
process of breaking a learning task into
smaller elements & sequencing from
simplest to most complex
Three main signs of AD/HD?
inattention/problems with attention, very
active, impulsivity
Three types of AD/HD?
inattentive
hyperactive-impulsive
combined.
Treatment of AD/HD?
create program to fit needs, help child
manage behavior
medication if parent/doctor feel helpful
What does “Other Health Impaired”
category include?
students with “limited strength, vitality or
alertness that is due to chornic or acute
health problems.
What is the hearing impairment definition?
It is an impairment in hearing, fluctuating
or permanent, that adversely affects a child
performance.
What was determined in
Lau V. Nichols (1974)?
Schools must provide bilingual education
or instruction in native language
Some adverbs tell the EXTENT of the action :
Very, too, almost, also, only, enough, so.
Adjective
A word or phrase naming an attribute, added to or grammatically related to a noun to modify or describe it
Adjective Examples:
Bitter, Salty, Yummy, Tasty, Boiling, Fluffy, Noisy, Voiceless, Pink, Chubby, Late, Sassy, Romantic
Noun
A word other than a pronoun used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things
Noun Examples
Name of a person,A country, city,state, things (hat. bottle, table) animals etc.
pronoun
any of a small set of words in a language that are used as substitutes for nouns or noun phrases and whose referents are named or understood in the context
Pronoun examples
I , We, You, they
T or F :
When creating lesson plans to promote specific reading skills, an elementary SPED teacher should make sure that the targeted reading skills relate to an appropriate instructional progress and reflect student needs.
True
Diagraph
a pair of adjacent vowels or consonants that are BOTH heard as a SINGLE sound.
Ex: “sh” in shoe & “ea” in seat
_________ measures the ability to complete a skill in the absence of instruction
Maintenance
The practice of slowly removing the supports as the student demonstrates mastery is known as ____________.
Scaffolding
Sally has inappropriate behavior under normal circumstances along with a pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression. She would most likely qualify as having _________________.
Emotional/ Behavior Disorders.
T or F :
Children with intellectual disabilities/ disorders do not learn new material efficiently or effectively
True
T or F :
Children with ID generally lack adaptive behavior skills and do not use environmental cues to assist with behavior.
true
Morphology
the study of how words are formed
People who have disorders in morphology often have difficulty using _______.
Suffixes
Suffix
A morpheme added at the end of a word to form a derivative “ation” “fy” “ing” “itis”
T or F:
A child with a morphology problem has trouble making the correct past tense of a word. They also leave out grammatical elements such as the articles (as, the) and pronouns
T
visual-spatial abilities
ability to mentally manipulate 2D and 3D figures
phonology
analyzes sound pattern of a language by determining which sounds are significant.
Morphemes
the smallest units of meaning in language
can be words that stand alone like fish, girl or word particles like “ed” “ness” that are attached to words
Pragmatics
. Knowing WHEN, WHAT AND HOW to say something in a social situation. Can also be referred to as social skills
Semantics
meanings of words and phrases
What might semantics problems look like in a child ?
Difficulty following verbal directions
use a limited amount of words to express himself
experience difficulty asking and answering questions
struggle to understand the relationship between words
Syntax
the component of language that deals with the way words are arranged in a sentence , sometimes refferred to as grammar
“I saw that she a cookie ate” is an example of _________
incorrect syntax
Autism Spectrum Disorders are characterized by deficit in :
Communication
odd or unusual behavior ( rocking, sniffing, licking, making noises)
social skills (inappropriate eye contact, inability to read nonverbal cues)
oppositional defiant disorder
An externalizing behavior disorder characterized by frequent loss of temper, arguing with adult request or rules, deliberately annoying and being annoyed by people and blaming others for ones misbehavior’s .
A student is due for their three year eval, but the parent wants the student transferred out of the teachers class for an incident and the parent blamed the teacher. How should the teacher proceed?
The teacher should request another teacher to conduct the eval in order to eliminate bias.
A student is due for their three year eval, but the parent wants the student transferred out of the teachers class for an incident and the parent blamed the teacher. What actions can the sped teacher take to minimize bias in the results?
Record the child’s behavior accurately
Follow administration procedures carefully
Understand the child’s cultural expectations
What procedures would not be necessary in the pre-referral stage of data collection?
Intelligence testing- this is completed following a referral for sped testing.
________ refers to the extent to which an assessment accurately measures what it is intended to measure.
Validity
_________ refers to the consistency of results and is determined through correlation methods
Reliability
Universal Design for learning
would be the best teaching model for learners with a mild learning disability to obtain informal assessment data. Because UDL provides multiple and flexible means of representation and engagement.
Competitive employment
refers to employment where everyone competes with everyone else on the same playing field for jobs and no one receives any additional support or services.
Distributive education
an educational program in which students receive both classroom instruction and on the job training.
work enclaves
involve an employment model where individuals with disabilities work in public jobs that are also held by individuals with disabilities. employees often receive additional support from a non-disabled worker supplying supervision.
Sheltered workshop
places of employment for individuals with disabilities that are usually segregated from the general public. Individuals are supervised by non disabled workers
vocational resource educator
a professional who assists students with disabilities in vocational classes . Don’t typically provide support to students who are in actual jobs.
Job coach
someone who helps a person with a disability to be successful in a specific job may help train and provide supervision.
employment counselor
may assist with finding and matching a person with an appropriate job, they dont provide services while on the job
Orientation/mobility specialist
someone who assists a person who is blind or visually impaired in orienting and moving around their environment
When students are transitioning to independent living, classroom based instruction should be _____ and community based instruction should be _______
Minimized/ Maximized
because individuals with ID do not generalize skills well and should practice skills in the environment they will be in.
Self-determination
being able to advocate for oneself and to take control of one’s life
internal locus of control
you have control over what happens to you through the decisions you make
IEP annual goal must include:
Criterion
timeline
behavior
condition
criterion
expectation for performance as a means to monitor progress on a goal
timeline
“at the end of the year”
“in 36 instructional weeks”
Behavior
single measurable and observable behavior
condition
materials or supports available when the student completes the task
contention
heated disagreement
occupational therapist
works with small muscle actions such as with the hands and fingers as well as with sensory aversions
behavior therapist/analyst
consulted when behaviors are interfering with the child’s learning.
physical therapist
work with large muscle groups used in actions such as walking and throwing
Modeling
a more skilled person demonstrating a task to a less skilled person
peer tutoring
using a more skilled student to help a less skilled student
prompting
providing hints for a student that leads them to a correct answer
Laptops and speech to text software may be used to provide multiple means of engagement, so it is considered ________________.
Universal design for learning, since non sped kids can use it
T or F
A modified test signifies that a student is in special ed and thus may have modifications.
true
Assistive technology is determined by ________
is determined by the IEP team
Multiple means of expression
provides learners with flexible means to express learning that reduces barrier to a single mode of expression.
T OR F
multiple means of expression is NOT a principle of universal design for learning
T
Multiple means of representation
requires teachers to present information in multiple ways in order to overcome barriers for students with disabilities
multiple means of engagement
provides a way for student to demonstrate knowledge and access material other than a single format , activities that are interesting , challenging, culturally representing and supportive are all examples of the UDL principle of MME
