Special Diets

Question 1

MCT:

Answer 1

Made of modified coconut and/or palm kernel oil: 7.7 kcal/ml.
Indications: fat malabsorption: chylothorax, PLE< liver disease (BA), SBS, CF, Lymphangiectasia.
- DIarrhea
- FTT
Side effects: Diarrhea, vomiting/nausea, gas ketosis, essential fatty acid deficiency

Question 2

Ketogenic Diet

Answer 2

Indication: intractable seizures/metabolic disorder.
Complications: poor growth/weight gain, V/D, anorexia, constipation, dehydration, lethargy, kidney stones, acidosis, hyperlipidemia, hypoglycemia, bone demineralization, Deficiencies of Selenium and Vitamins D &E, Mg, K, Ca, Carnitine. +Hypertrilyceridemia

Question 3

Low FODMAP Diet

Answer 3

Indications: IBS, high ileostomy output, SBS
Complications: weight loss, micronutrient deficiency

Question 4

Specific Carbohydrate Diet

Answer 4

Indication: IBD
Complications: decreased calorie intake–> poor growth, vitamin D deficiency, diarrhea

Question 5

Gluten free diet

Answer 5

Indication: Celiac disease, NCGS.
Complications: poor growth, constipation

Question 6

Modular formula: customized and designed for each patient based on macronutrient needs

Answer 6

Indications: maldigestion/malabsorption and metabolic diseases. Ex: carbohydrate free formula.
Complications: dehydration, poor growth, macro and micronutrient deficiencies

Question 7

Complications of too many carbohydrates

Answer 7

Increased RQ, CO2 retention and difficulty weaning off ventilator, hyperglycemia, weight gain, fatty liver

Question 8

Complications of too few carbohydrates

Answer 8

Ketosis, hypoglycemia, weight loss

Question 9

Complications of too many fats

Answer 9

Hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, ketosis

Question 10

Complications of too few fats

Answer 10

EFAD, weight loss

Question 11

Complications of too many proteins

Answer 11

Azotemia, dehydration, acidosis in infants, hyperammonemia in metabolic conditions, kidney damage/stones

Question 12

Complications of too few protein

Answer 12

hypoproteinemia, malnutrition