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A & P 1 > Special Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Special Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the Extracellular Matrix?

A

(MEG C.) Collagen, Tropoelastin–> Elastin (elastic fibers), Mircrofibrils, Ground Substance

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2
Q

What is the precursor to collagen?

A

Tropocollagen

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3
Q

What is the function of collagen?

A

provide tensile strength to tissue

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4
Q

What are the major types if collagen and where are they found?

A

Type 1: Dermis, ligaments, bone, cornea
Type 2: Hyaline cartilage (i.e., Articulating surfaces of bones, nose, trachea)
Type 3: Reticular collagen; Meshwork in highly cellular organs (i.e,. liver, spleen, kidney)

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5
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the human body?

A

collagen

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6
Q

What are the two components of mircofibrils?

A

fibrillin and fibronectin

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7
Q

What is fibrillin?

A

Elastic fiber component (scaffold for elastin deposition)

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8
Q

What is fibronectin?

A

deposition and orientation of collagen as well as binding of CT cells to extracellular matrix, including linking actin cytoskeleton to matrix

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9
Q

Describe ground substance?

A

transparent, viscous, semi-fluid gel

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10
Q

What is the function of ground substance?

A

influence fluid transport and metabolic exchange

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11
Q

What are proteoglycans? What part of the extracellular matrix are they a part of?

A

GAG + core protein (binds to GAG) +linker protein (binds core protein and GAG to hyaluronic acid backbone

Ground Substance

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12
Q

What is proteoglycan aggregate composed of?

A

proteoglycan + hyaluronic acid + some collagen

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13
Q

Name 2 types of specialized Connective Tissues.

A

Cartilage and bone

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14
Q

Where is cartilage developed from?

A

paraxial mesoderm

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15
Q

Cartilage: what is perichondrium; what are the layers?

A

Fibrous layer- fibroblasts, vasculature

Chondrogenic layer- chondroblasts and chondrocytes

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16
Q

What is lucunae?

A

space occupied by a cell (in cartilage- a chondrocyte as it has walled itself by extreting ECM

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17
Q

What is the first type of cartilage?

A

1st type: Hyaline Cartilage

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18
Q

What is the second type of cartilage?

A

2nd type: Elastic Cartilage

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19
Q

What is the third type of cartilage?

A

3rd type: Fibrous Cartilage

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20
Q

Does Hyaline Cartilage have perichondrium?

A

YES, but not found in articulating surface joints to keep growth at a minimum

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21
Q

Does Elastic Cartilage have perichondrium?

A

YES

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22
Q

Does Fibrous Cartilage have perichondrium?

A

NO

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23
Q

What is the only difference between elastic and hyaline cartilage?

A

there are elastic fibers in elastic cartilage but NOT in hyaline

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24
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage located?

A

tracheal bands, bronchi, nasal septum, joints, growth plates of long bones, site of initial bone repair following a fracture, embryonic template for the formation of long bones

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25
Q

Where is elastic cartilage located?

A

external ear lobe, epiglottis, pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube)

26
Q

Where is firbous cartilage located?

A

intervertebral discs (annulus fibrosis) and symphyses (joints between bones of breastbone and joint b/w left and right pubic bones in the hip)

27
Q

What type of collagen is found in hyaline and elastic cartilage?

A

Type 2 (elastic cartilage) predominantly

[Type 1 in outer fibrous layer of perichondrium]

28
Q

Where is bone derived from?

A

paraxial mesoderm

29
Q

Are bone and cartilage derived from the same thing? If so, from what?

A

paraxial mesoderm

30
Q

Name the outer and inner layers on the most EXTERNAL portion of bone. What do these layers contain?

A

fibrous (fibroblasts) and osteogenic periosteum (osteoblasts mostly but also can have osteocytes)

31
Q

extensions of periosteum into compact bone:

A

Sharpey’s fibers (allow for better adherence of periosteum to underlying bone given that periosteum serves as attachment site for muscle tendons)

32
Q

What cells are in bone? (hint: 3)

A

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

33
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

main builder of bone

34
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

secondary builder of bone; bone maintenance

35
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

maintenance–> dissolve bone

36
Q

Name the seven structures of bone?

A

lamellae, cancliculi, lacunae, Haversian system/osteon, Haversian canal, Volkmann canal, Howship’s lacunae

37
Q

Name two steps of bone development:

A

intramembraneous ossification and endochondral ossification

38
Q

What is intramembraneous ossification?

A

formation of FLAT bones (like in the skull, face)

39
Q

What are the two steps of intramembraneous ossification?

A
  1. CT replaced with bone matrix

2. Mesenchymal cells differentiate into bone cells (osteoblasts)

40
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

formation of LONG bones (like arm and legs)

41
Q

Where is endochondral ossification derived from?

A

miniature hyaline cartilage template

42
Q

What are the three steps of endochondral ossification?

A

Epiphysis, Metaphysis, Diaphysis

43
Q

What is epiphysis?

A

Secondary ossification site (contains the RED BONE MARROW–important for hemopoesis)

44
Q

What is metaphysis?

A

location of the GROWTH PLATE; closes at adolescence

45
Q

What are the zones of metaphysis?

A 
Reserve cartilage (R)
Proliferation (P)
Maturation (M)
Hypertrophy/calcification (H) 
Degeneration (D)
Ossification (O)

RPMH DO- Run past my house DO it

46
Q

What is reserve cartilage (R)?

A

typical hyaline cartilage with chondrocytes in small clusters

47
Q

What is proliferation?

A

mitotic activity of chondrocytes increases, ECM rich in proteoglycans

48
Q

What is maturation?

A

mitosis has STOPPED and chondrocytes have INCREASED in size

49
Q

What is Hypertrophy/calcification (H) ?

A

chondrocytes continue to INCREASE in size; Matrix becomes calcified–trapped chondrocytes in lacunae

50
Q

What is degeneration?

A

chondrocytes DEGENERATE and are invaded by osteogenic cells and capillaries that will FORM bone marrow of the shafts of long bone, the diaphyses

51
Q

What is ossification?

A

bone becomes CALCIFIED in increase strength–allowed to maintain a small amount of flexibility

52
Q

What is diaphysis?

A

bone shaft; primary ossification site

53
Q

What type of bone tissue is present during bone repair and during bone development?

A

Primary bone tissue

54
Q

what is primary bone tissue?

A

has a random organization of collagen fibers–not as dense as mature bone

55
Q

Describe the first bone of development/after fracture:

A

unorganized or woven

56
Q

Why is bone after a fracture unorganized or woven?

A

because a fracture causes destruction of bone matrix and death of bone cells. Damaged blood vessels form a clot and the clot, cells and damaged matrix removed by macrophages

57
Q

What is the role of periosteum and endosteum in bone fracture?

A

it responds with intense proliferation, surrounding the fracture and penetrating the fracture

58
Q

What two things are formed at the same time? (hint: a bone and a cartilage)

A

primary bone and hyaline cartilage

59
Q

What do primary bone and hyaline do during a fracture?

A

they are replaced with bone as well as CT is formed and replaced. They form irregular trabeculae or bone calluses

60
Q

What replaces Callus?

A

Secondary bone tissue

A & P 1 (4 decks)

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