Specail Test

Question 1

Purpose: neuroma or stress fracture

Action: Client supine, therapist grasps the foot and squeezes metatarsal heads together.

Positive: Pain b/t bones= neuroma
Pain on bone= stress fracture

Answer 1

Morton’s test

Question 2

Purpose: ruptured or torn ligaments
Action: client supine, foot relaxed and held in anatomical position. Talus tilted from side into ADDuction and ABDuction.

Positive: pain

• with adduction= calcaneofibular lig
• with abduction= deltoid lig
• with plantarflexion & adduction= anterior talofibular lig

Answer 2

Talar tilt test

Question 3

Purpose: Achilles’ tendon Rupture

Action: Patient prone, while relaxed examiner squeezes calf mm

Positive: absence of plantar flexion when mm is squeezed and is indicative of Achilles’ tendon rupture

Answer 3

Thompson’s test

Question 4

Purpose: medical meniscus pathology

Action: patient supine, examiner flexes knee. Then laterally rotates tibia & extends knee

Positive: pain & tenderness on medial joint line

Answer 4

Bragards Sign

Question 5

Purpose: meniscus injury

Action: client supine, & knee flexed. Palpate jt. line and bring leg into extension & external rotation to test medial meniscus. Bring leg into extension & internal rotation to test lateral meniscus.

Positive: Snap or click & pain or locking

Answer 5

McMurray Test

Question 6

Purpose: Test for edema

Action: Brush up medial side of knee, 3-4 times & down lateral side once.

Positive: Outpouching on medial side of knee

Answer 6

Brush test

Question 7

Purpose: Anterior instability (ACL injury)

Action: client supine w/ involved leg beside therapist, hold knee b/t full extension & 30 degrees. Grab femur w/ one hand & pull tibia toward w/ other hand

Positive: mushy or soft end feel when tibia is moved forward & disappearance of the infrapatellar tendon slope

Answer 7

Lachmans Test

Question 8

Purpose: Anterior instability (ACL, capsule, MCL, ITB, oblique popliteal lig & actuate popliteus complex)

Action: Clients knee flexed to 90 degrees & hip flexed, therapist sits on foot. Therapist wraps hand around tibia & pulls tibia foward

Positive: tibia moving foward excessively (more than 6mm)

Answer 8

Anterior Drawer Test

Question 9

Purpose: lateral instability (LCL)
Action: Therapist push knee laterally ankle stabilized. First done in extension & the w/ knee flexed to 20-30 degrees
Positive: excessive mov’t
-extension= injury to LCL, posterolateral capsule, actuate popliteus complex, biceps femoris tendon, PCL, ACL, lat gastroc, ITB
-flexion= injury to LCL, posterolateral capsule, actuate popliteus complex, ITB biceps femoris tendon

Answer 9

Varus Stress Test

Question 10

Purpose: medial instability (MCL)
Action: Therapist pushes knee medically while ankle is stabilized in slight lat. rotation. Knee first in full extension and the slightly flexed to 20-30 degrees
Positive: Excessive mov’t
-extension= injury to MCL, post. Oblique lig, ACL PCL, semimembranosus
-Flexion= injury to MCL, post. Oblique lig, PCL, posteromedial capsule

Answer 10

Valgus stress test

Question 11

Purpose: Test for swelling of knee

Action: w/ patients knee flexed or set ended examiner applies slight pressure over patella

Positive: floating patella should be felt

Answer 11

Ballotable Patella Test

Question 12

Purpose: ligament injury

Action: Patient prone w/ knee flexed 90 degrees. Patients thigh anchored to table with examiners knee. Patient tibia is medically and laterally rotated combined with distraction.

Positive: Restriction, excessive mov’t, and discomfort

Answer 12

Apleys Distraction Test

Question 13

Purpose: Determine if meniscus injury

Action: patient prone, knee flexed 90 degrees. Thigh anchored to table by examiners knee, patients tibia medically and laterally rotated combined with compression

Positive: restriction/ discomfort

Answer 13

Apleys compression test

Question 14

Purpose: asses ITB or TFL for contracture or trochanteric bursitis

Action: Patient side lying, lower leg flexed at hip and knee for stability. Upper hip abducted and extended with knee flexed to 90 degrees. Examiner slowly lowers upper limb

Positive: leg remains abducted & does not fall or pain over greater trochanter

Answer 14

Obers test

Question 15

Purpose: determine if leg length discrepancy is due to contracture in spine, pelvis, or lower limbs

Action: measure from xiphisternal or umbilicus to medial mallelous

Positive: if true leg length is normal but the umbilicus to medial malleolus measurement is different there is a functional discrepancy

Answer 15

Apparent or functional shortening test

Question 16

Purpose: Hip jt. Pathology, iliopsoas spasm or SI jt. May be affected

Action: Patient supine, examiner places patients leg so that foot of test leg is on top of opposite leg. Examiner slowly lowers test leg to table while stabilizing opposite hip

Positive: leg Ramona above opposite straight leg or pain in hip/ SI joint, hip joint, maybe affected, iliopsoas spasm or SI joint

Answer 16

Fabers/ Figure 4/ Patrick’s Test

Question 17

Purpose: sprain of poster ligament

Action: client supine, apply pressure to ASIS. Pressure toward sacrum

Positive: pain

Answer 17

Squish test

Question 18

Purpose: sprain of anterior ligament

Action: client supine, apply cross arm pressure to ASIS. Pressure down and out

Positive: unilateral gluteal or posterior leg pain

Answer 18

Gaping test

Question 19

Purpose: neurological dysfunction of ulnar nerve

Action: Tap ulnar nerve in cubical tunnel. (Where it sits in groove b/t olecranon process and medial epicondyle)

Positive: tingling sensation in ulnar distribution of forearm and hand distal to point of compression of nerve

Answer 19

Tinel sign at elbow

Question 20

Purpose: medial epicondylitis

Action: examiner palpates medial epicondyle while passively supinating the forearm and extending elbow and wrist

Positive: pain over medial epicondyle

Answer 20

Medial epicondylitis fest

Question 21

Purpose: lat. epicondylitis, stressing extensor digitorum mm and tendon

Action: examiner resists extensors of 3rd digit of hand distal to prox. Interphalangeal joint

Positive: pain over lat. epicondyle

Answer 21

Lateral epicondylitis test- Method 3

Question 22

Purpose: lateral epicondylitis

Action: examiner palpates lateral epicondyle and passively pronates the patients forearm flexed wrist fully and extends elbow

Positive: pain over lateral epicondyle

Answer 22

Mills- Method 2

Question 23

Purpose: lateral epicondylitis

Action: elbow stabilized by examiner thumb, resting on lateral epicondyle. Patient makes a fist, pronates forearm and radially deviates and extends wrist while examiner resist motion

Positive: pain over lateral epicondyle

Answer 23

Cozens- Method 1

Question 24

Purpose: stability of med & lat collateral lig of elbow

Action: arm stabilized at elbow and wrist. Patient elbow flexed 20-30 degrees. Lat collateral lig are tested w/ varus stress while palpating. Medial collateral lig is tested by valgus stress while palpating

Positive: laxity, decreased mobility or altered pain

Answer 24

Ligament instability test

Valgus & varus stress test

Question 25

Purpose: supraspinatus tendinitis

Action: client seated. Flex arm to 90 degrees medically rotate shoulder

Positive: pain

Answer 25

Hawkins Kennedy

Question 26

Purpose: overuse injury of supraspinatus & sometimes biceps tendon

Action: patient being forcibly elevated through foward flexion by examiner causing jamming of a great tuberosity against the anteroinferior bored of the acromion

Positive: patients face shows pain

Answer 26

Neers impingement test