spec points

Question 1

The conditions for zoonotic infectious diseases such as bird flu or rabies to establish and spread from animals to humans.

Answer 1

movement of animals is unrestricted by barriers like mountains

control of diseased domestic animals is unrestricted within a country

when there is prolonged exposure between animals and humans e.g poultry farms and avian flu

Question 2

types of diffusion

Answer 2

hierarchical
network
contagious

Question 3

physical factors affecting disease

Answer 3

temperature
precipitation
relief
water sources

Question 4

one country which has experienced a natural hazard- implications this has on a disease

Answer 4

cholera in haiti

Question 5

role that one NGO has played in dealing with a disease outbreak within one country at national and local level.

Answer 5

British red cross- haiti

Question 6

Physical barriers that have effects on mitigation strategies and response efforts in dealing with diseases.

Answer 6

relief
natural hazards
excess water
remoteness of communities

Question 7

Mitigation strategies used by government and international agencies to combat global pandemics

Answer 7

covid- australia, brazil, who

Question 8

Conservation issues relating to the international trade in medicinal
plants

Answer 8

endangering species survival
erosion of genetic diversity
threats to the survival of natural ecosystems

Question 9

Case study of the global impact of one pharmaceutical transnational

Answer 9

Glaxo Smith Kline

Question 10

erradication strategies at a range of scales

Answer 10

grass roots- guinea worm in Ghana
top down national- malaria in Mauritius
top down global- small pox

Question 11

Methods used to reconstruct past climate

Answer 11

marine and lake sediments
ice cores
tree rings
fossils

Question 12

past climate to reveal periods of greenhouse and icehouse Earth

Answer 12

long term, 100 million year transition to colder global climate conditions
glaciation of Antarctica around 35 million years ago
quaternary glaciation
Holocene

Question 13

How natural forcing has driven climate change in the geological past

Answer 13

volcanic activity
continental drift
Milankovitch cycles
solar output
natural atmospheric greenhouse gases

Question 14

Evidence the world has warmed since the late-19th century

Answer 14

increases in surface, atmospheric and oceanic temperatures
shrinking of valley glaciers and ice sheets
rising sea level
increasing atmospheric water vapour
decreasing snow cover and sea ice

Question 15

Reasons why anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have increased since the pre-industrial era

Answer 15

Land use change
Standard of living changing
Population growth- EPQ knowledge
Demand for energy

Question 16

Implications of climate change currently being experienced for people
and the environment

Answer 16

changes to ecosystems
health
extreme weather
summerset levels and eu heat wave

Question 17

The vulnerability of people and the environment to the impacts of climate change

Answer 17

sids
farmers
people who use meltwater for faming
costal residents
elderly

tundra
mountains
rainforest
coasts

Question 18

Mitigation strategies to cut global emissions of greenhouse gases

Answer 18

• energy efficiency and conservation
• fuel shifts and low-carbon energy sources
• carbon capture and storage
• forestry strategies
• geoengineering

Question 19

Adaptation strategies to reduce the vulnerability of human populations at risk

Answer 19

retreat
accommodate
protect

homes, offices, cities, transport and economies

Question 20

Effective implementation depends on policies and co-operation at all scales.

Answer 20

IPCC
kyoto, paris
EU emissions Trading System (EUETS)
national- sweeden
sub national- cali