SPEC POINT 1.14 Flashcards
What are lipids?
Macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Unlike carbohydrates they contain a lower proportion of oxygen
What are the roles and properties of lipids?
ROLES = energy yield, energy storage, insulation and hormonal communication
PROPERTIES = non polar and hydrophobic (they are insoluble in water), They are poor conductors of heat and electricity
What is a triglyceride?
- Triglycerides are an energy storage lipid. 2. They are composed of one glycerol molecule joined to 3 fatty acid molecules and are formed by condensation reactions.
- They are transported in the blood in HDLs or LDLs
What bond links each fatty acid and the glycerol?
Ester bond
What are the properties of saturated fatty acids?
- They have no double bonds in the hydrocarbon tail
- They are straight (unbranched, linear) chains
- Have the ability to pack together tightly
- Have strong intermolecular forces and are SOLID at room temp due to high melting point
- Are associated with a higher risk of CVD
What are the properties of unsaturated fatty acids?
- Have one or more C=C double bond in hydrocarbon tail
- kinked structure therefore cannot pack together tightly
- weaker intermolecular forces and are LIQUID at room temp due to low melting point
How can unsaturated fats be made more solid at room temp?
Adding hydrogen to the bonds, making them saturated (hydrogenation)
What is the difference between monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats?
Monounsaturated fats have one C=C double bond, polyunsaturated fats have 2 or more
What is cholesterol, and what do cells require it for?
A short lipid molecule produced in the liver
Required for: cell membrane functioning, sex hormone structure, synthesis of bile
What reaction occurs when two monosaccharides join to make a disaccharide?
Condensation reaction
