Speaking Presentation 22nd April (中国的独生子女政策) Flashcards
中国的独生子女政策是计划生育政策的一部分，它的目的是控制中国的人口规模。
1980年，中国政府开始推行独生子女政策，从而限制绝大多数中国家庭只生一个孩子。当时，中国政府发现人口增长速度实在太快，因此决定实行这一政策。
Zhōng guó de dú shēng zǐ nǚ zhèng cè shì jì huà shēng yù zhèng cè de yí bù fen ，tā de mù dì shì kòng zhì Zhōng guó de rén kǒu guī mó 。
yī jiǔ bā líng nián ，Zhōng guó zhèng fǔ kāi shǐ tuī xíng dú shēng zǐ nǚ zhèng cè ，cóng ér xiàn zhì jué dà duō shù zhōng guó jiā tíng zhǐ shēng yí gè hái zi 。Dāng shí ，zhōng guó zhèng fǔ fā xiàn rén kǒu zēng zhǎng sù dù shí zài tài kuài ，yīn cǐ jué dìng shí xíng zhè yī zhèng cè 。
China’s one-child policy is part of a birth planning program. Its aims to control the population size of China.
In 1980, the Chinese government began to implement the one-child policy, thus restricting the vast majority of Chinese families to have only one child. At that time, the Chinese government found that the population growth rate was too fast, so it decided to implement this policy.
独生子女政策有利有弊。
dú shēng zǐ nǚ zhèng cè yǒu lì yǒu bì 。
The one-child policy has both advantages and disadvantages.
从优点来看，首先，它对于家庭的经济方面有好处。独生子女政策有助于孩子获得更多的教育机会，因为整个家庭只需要负担一个孩子的教育费用。第二，这一政策也帮助中国女性进行社会角色转换，跟以前相比，女孩子有更多的机会参与到学校的各类项目中，并且享受更高质量的生活。第三，独生子女政策也带来了更多的工作机会，因为人口增速不再像以前那么夸张，所以就业竞争压力会小一些，人们也就更容易找到工作。
cóng yōu diǎn lái kàn ，shǒu xiān ，tā duì yú jiā tíng de jīng jì fāng miàn yǒu hǎo chù 。dú shēng zǐ nǚ zhèng cè yǒu zhù yú hái zi huò dé gèng duō de jiào yù jī huì ，yīn wèi zhěng gè jiā tíng zhǐ xū yào fù dān yí gè hái zi de jiào yù fèi yòng 。dì èr ，zhè yī zhèng cè yě bāng zhù zhōng guó nǚ xìng jìn xíng shè huì jué sè zhuǎn huàn ，gēn yǐ qián xiāng bǐ ，nǚ hái zi yǒu gèng duō de jī huì cān yù dào xué xiào de gè lèi xiàng mù zhōng ，bìng qiě xiǎng shòu gèng gāo zhì liàng de shēng huó 。dì sān ，dú shēng zǐ nǚ zhèng cè yě dài lái le gèng duō de gōng zuò jī huì ，yīn wèi rén kǒu zēng sù bú zài xiàng yǐ qián nà me kuā zhāng ，suǒ yǐ jiù yè jìng zhēng yā lì huì xiǎo yì xiē ，rén men yě jiù gèng róng yì zhǎo dào gōng zuò 。
In terms of advantages, first, it is good for the family’s economy. The one-child policy helps children get more educational opportunities, because the whole family only needs to pay for the education of one child. Second, this policy also helps Chinese women to change their social roles. Compared with the past, girls have more opportunities to participate in various school projects and enjoy a higher quality of life. Third, the one-child policy has also brought more job opportunities, because the population growth rate is no longer as exaggerated as before, so the employment competition pressure will be less, and people will find jobs more easily.
然而，独生子女政策也有一些弊端。首先，在这一政策下出生的孩子，不再有亲兄弟姐妹。在他们成长的过程中，可能会遇到一些问题，比如孤独和焦虑，甚至有苦难言，只能独自承受。其次，独生子女政策也会导致不平衡的性别比，因为许多家庭在孩子出生前，会检查孩子的性别，如果是男孩就留下，如果是女孩就打掉。也正因此，截至2020年，中国的男女性别比将达到117：100，意味着中国社会的男性将比女性多三千万。为了解决这一问题，人们必须改变重男轻女的观念，拒绝性别选择。
rán ér ，dú shēng zǐ nǚ zhèng cè yě yǒu yì xiē bì duān 。shǒu xiān ，zài zhè yī zhèng cè xià chū shēng de hái zi，bú zài yǒu qīn xiōng dì jiě mèi 。zài tā men chéng zhǎng de guò chéng zhōng ，kě néng huì yù dào yì xiē wèn tí ，bǐ rú gū dú hé jiāo lǜ ，shèn zhì yǒu kǔ nán yán ，zhǐ néng dú zì chéng shòu 。qí cì ，dú shēng zǐ nǚ zhèng cè yě huì dǎo zhì bù píng héng de xìng bié bǐ ，yīn wèi xǔ duō jiā tíng zài hái zi chū shēng qián ，huì jiǎn chá hái zi de xìng bié ，rú guǒ shì nán hái jiù liú xià ，rú guǒ shì nǚ hái jiù dǎ diào 。yě zhèng yīn cǐ ，jié zhì èr líng èr líng nián ，zhōng guó de nán nǚ xìng bié bǐ jiāng dá dào yì bǎi yī shí qī bǐ yì bǎi，yì wèi zhe zhōng guó shè huì de nán xìng jiāng bǐ nǚ xìng duō sān qiān wàn 。wèi le jiě jué zhè yī wèn tí ，rén men bì xū gǎi biàn zhòng nán qīng nǚ de guān niàn ，jù jué xìng bié xuǎn zé 。
However, the one-child policy also has some disadvantages. First, children born under this policy no longer have siblings. In the process of their growth, they may encounter some problems, such as loneliness, anxiety and even suffering, which they can only bear alone. Secondly, the one-child policy will also lead to an unbalanced sex ratio, because many families will check the sex of their children before they are born. If they are boys, they will keep and if they are girls, they will abort. Therefore, by 2020, the sex ratio between men and women in China will reach 117: 100, which means that there will be 30 million more men than women in Chinese society. In order to solve this problem, people must change the concept of son preference and reject sex selection.
对于一个家庭而言，421结构（四个老人，两个年轻人，一个孩子）真的给年轻人太大的压力了。作为独生子女，他们要同时照顾双方父母甚至祖父母，实在是分身乏术。好在，如今中国已经取消了独生子女政策，取而代之的是全面二胎政策：国家大力提倡年轻夫妻生两个孩子。
duì yú yí gè jiā tíng ér yán ，sì èr yāo jié gòu （sì gè lǎo rén ，liǎng gè nián qīng rén ，yí gè hái zi ）zhēn de gěi nián qīng rén tài dà de yā lì le 。zuò wéi dú shēng zǐ nǚ ，tā men yào tóng shí zhào gù shuāng fāng fù mǔ shèn zhì zǔ fù mǔ ，shí zài shì fēn shēn fá shù 。hǎo zài ，rú jīn zhōng guó yǐ jīng qǔ xiāo le dú shēng zǐ nǚ zhèng cè ，qǔ ér dài zhī de shì quán miàn èr tāi zhèng cè ：guó jiā dà lì tí chàng nián qīng fū qī shēng liǎng gè hái zi。
For a family, the 421 structure (four old people, two young people and one child) really puts too much pressure on young people. As only children, they have to take care of both parents and even grandparents at the same time, which is really beyond their means. Fortunately, China has now abolished the one-child policy and replaced it with the universal two-child policy: the government strongly encourages young couples to have two children.
总的来说，我认为独生子女政策从一定程度上来看是很有效的，通过禁止超生，这一政策帮助中国控制了人口增速。但是，我并不喜欢这一政策带来的后果。比如超生罚款及其他处罚手段。如果父母已经有一个孩子了，他们不得不选择堕胎，送养，甚至杀死已出生的孩子！英国也实行二胎政策，但是不像中国执行得那么严格。
zǒng de lái shuō ，wǒ rèn wéi dú shēng zǐ nǚ zhèng cè cóng yí dìng chéng dù shàng lái kàn shì hěn yǒu xiào de ，tōng guò jìn zhǐ chāo shēng ，zhè yī zhèng cè bāng zhù zhōng guó kòng zhì le rén kǒu zēng sù 。dàn shì ，wǒ bìng bù xǐ huān zhè yī zhèng cè dài lái de hòu guǒ 。bǐ rú chāo shēng fá kuǎn jí qí tā chǔ fá shǒu duàn 。rú guǒ fù mǔ yǐ jīng yǒu yí gè hái zi le ，tā men bù dé bù xuǎn zé duò tāi ，sòng yǎng ，shèn zhì shā sǐ yǐ chū shēng de hái zi ！yīng guó yě shí xíng èr tāi zhèng cè ，dàn shì bú xiàng zhōng guó zhí xíng de nà me yán gé 。
Generally speaking, I think the one-child policy is very effective to some extent. By prohibiting over-births, this policy has helped China to control the population growth. However, I do not like the consequences of this policy. For example, fines and other penalties for over birth. If parents already have a child, they have to choose abortion, adoption or even killing the child already born! Britain also implements a two-child policy, but it is not as strict as China.
