Spatial Concepts Flashcards
What is space, traditionally is science?
Everyday approach, perhaps before 1970
‘out there’ ‘abstract’
‘surface or container’ (simply expression between two points’- Leibniz
‘measurable’ - Hagerstrand
They see it as a neutral scientific map-able location and therefore does move
What is space? (Massey)
Massey - when people see space in scientific way ‘space has been seen as dead but isn’t’
‘product of interactions, relationships’ and is therefore alive
Space is subject to..
Mastery - it can be dominated and controlled by the dominate and elite group.
They see space as empty and ignore what was previously there (disruption).
This was ignored by geographers until recent decades
Place - Tuan 1977
‘undifferentiated space becomes place as we get to know it better and endow it with value’
‘space and place require each another for definition’
‘space as that which allows movement, place is pause’
Place: giving space meaning
Place is a point is space, it can be concrete (unlike abstract space Massey) but places are characterised by human activity (emotional, social).
We may feel inside something in a place
Relph 1967
Places mean something to people (local) - insideness
Can somewhere be placeless? (anonymos)
Auge - Motorways, budget hotels, airports, supermarkets
but people do build up an attachment, and their anonymous qualities feel less alienating
Spatiality
Kieth and Pile - we use the term spatiality to capture the ways in which social and spatial inextricably realised in one another
‘dynamic relationship between society and space’
With spatiality space becomes
Cloke et al - space is ‘socially experienced and constructed rather than being an innate backdrop to social life’
Spatiality has uneven effects
‘out of place’ or ‘in place’
Tim Cresswell - some spaces come associated with some social groups more than others
Social clusters
Place consists of… (Agnew 1987)
not in lecture
Location - a point is space with specific relations to other points in space
Locale - broader contexts for social relations
Sense of place - subjective feelings
Examples of place
head of the table, Cornwall ect
Place is Idealogical
tim cresswell, IHG
embodies taken for granted categories and orders - things are
place is categorised
TC
hence why people feel ‘out of place’
Main category is..
TC
Rural and urban
Brings expectations eg UK Countryside Alliance trying to keep rural practices, for example fox hunting
Hovis boy example
TC
Boy with bike struggling up hill in Dorset, big tourist attraction (rural life).
Prostitution picked up and was broadcast in Guardian, national news
Animals in the city
TC
cause anxieties as crossing boarders, did not belong. Although some felt it brought nature into their homes
Place can be seen as a moral geography
TC
all about what is right and wrong
out of place
TC
Can be used is protests as resistance, especially in public space which often holds significant meaning and expectations
Out of place example
TC
Mothers of the Disappeared
Argentina, 1970/80s, Plaza de Mayo
Public and masculine space (monumental buildings - presidential palace)
challenge establish way and create new sense of place
Place is
a meaningful location with categories and idea deeply inset, therefore knowing your place seems natural.
Only with transgression do we really see place
For Newton space is
Horton and Kraftl
independent of matter, matter exists within space
Perhaps the making of place can be seen in
H&K
the forest school, Cornwall, where a large parachute and wooden benches are used to help children make sense of an otherwise large and confusing space
Spaces may be
H&K
a flow or movement, un-mappable (edges of cities), perhaps seen best without cartography,
Massey 2005 on time and space
Space may be the opposite of time.
Previously time is open ended and unpredictable, space may be fixed.
Now there is no space without time
Place is socially constructed
H&K
physically (with different norms values and meanings)
Emotionally (Jacobs and Smith - complex emotions associated with home)
Within identities, as different experiences shape places
Place may be an aspect of the actor-network thoery
H&K
interactions between human and non-human agents
Sack 1997 suggests
H&K
place is the ‘bedrock’ to human meaning and social relations
Henri Lefbure 1991 - production of space
H&K
- Representations of space - planning
- Representational space - lived in
- spatial Practices - daily rhythms is an urban space
Scale of places
H&K
- Scales are constructed
- economic, political and cultural
- Marston - without scale - events create sites
