Spatial Concepts

Question 1

What is space, traditionally is science?

Everyday approach, perhaps before 1970

Answer 1

‘out there’ ‘abstract’
‘surface or container’ (simply expression between two points’- Leibniz
‘measurable’ - Hagerstrand
They see it as a neutral scientific map-able location and therefore does move

Question 2

What is space? (Massey)

Answer 2

Massey - when people see space in scientific way ‘space has been seen as dead but isn’t’
‘product of interactions, relationships’ and is therefore alive

Question 3

Space is subject to..

Answer 3

Mastery - it can be dominated and controlled by the dominate and elite group.
They see space as empty and ignore what was previously there (disruption).
This was ignored by geographers until recent decades

Question 4

Place - Tuan 1977

Answer 4

‘undifferentiated space becomes place as we get to know it better and endow it with value’
‘space and place require each another for definition’
‘space as that which allows movement, place is pause’

Question 5

Place: giving space meaning

Answer 5

Place is a point is space, it can be concrete (unlike abstract space Massey) but places are characterised by human activity (emotional, social).
We may feel inside something in a place

Question 6

Relph 1967

Answer 6

Places mean something to people (local) - insideness

Question 7

Can somewhere be placeless? (anonymos)

Answer 7

Auge - Motorways, budget hotels, airports, supermarkets

but people do build up an attachment, and their anonymous qualities feel less alienating

Question 8

Spatiality

Answer 8

Kieth and Pile - we use the term spatiality to capture the ways in which social and spatial inextricably realised in one another
‘dynamic relationship between society and space’

Question 9

With spatiality space becomes

Answer 9

Cloke et al - space is ‘socially experienced and constructed rather than being an innate backdrop to social life’

Question 10

Spatiality has uneven effects

Answer 10

‘out of place’ or ‘in place’
Tim Cresswell - some spaces come associated with some social groups more than others
Social clusters

Question 11

Place consists of… (Agnew 1987)

not in lecture

Answer 11

Location - a point is space with specific relations to other points in space
Locale - broader contexts for social relations
Sense of place - subjective feelings

Question 12

Examples of place

Answer 12

head of the table, Cornwall ect

Question 13

Place is Idealogical

tim cresswell, IHG

Answer 13

embodies taken for granted categories and orders - things are

Question 14

place is categorised

TC

Answer 14

hence why people feel ‘out of place’

Question 15

Main category is..

TC

Answer 15

Rural and urban

Brings expectations eg UK Countryside Alliance trying to keep rural practices, for example fox hunting

Question 16

Hovis boy example

TC

Answer 16

Boy with bike struggling up hill in Dorset, big tourist attraction (rural life).
Prostitution picked up and was broadcast in Guardian, national news

Question 17

Animals in the city

TC

Answer 17

cause anxieties as crossing boarders, did not belong. Although some felt it brought nature into their homes

Question 18

Place can be seen as a moral geography

TC

Answer 18

all about what is right and wrong

Question 19

out of place

TC

Answer 19

Can be used is protests as resistance, especially in public space which often holds significant meaning and expectations

Question 20

Out of place example

TC

Answer 20

Mothers of the Disappeared
Argentina, 1970/80s, Plaza de Mayo
Public and masculine space (monumental buildings - presidential palace)
challenge establish way and create new sense of place

Question 21

Place is

Answer 21

a meaningful location with categories and idea deeply inset, therefore knowing your place seems natural.
Only with transgression do we really see place

Question 22

For Newton space is

Horton and Kraftl

Answer 22

independent of matter, matter exists within space

Question 23

Perhaps the making of place can be seen in

H&K

Answer 23

the forest school, Cornwall, where a large parachute and wooden benches are used to help children make sense of an otherwise large and confusing space

Question 24

Spaces may be

H&K

Answer 24

a flow or movement, un-mappable (edges of cities), perhaps seen best without cartography,

Question 25

Massey 2005 on time and space

Answer 25

Space may be the opposite of time.
Previously time is open ended and unpredictable, space may be fixed.
Now there is no space without time

Question 26

Place is socially constructed

H&K

Answer 26

physically (with different norms values and meanings)
Emotionally (Jacobs and Smith - complex emotions associated with home)
Within identities, as different experiences shape places

Question 27

Place may be an aspect of the actor-network thoery

H&K

Answer 27

interactions between human and non-human agents

Question 28

Sack 1997 suggests

H&K

Answer 28

place is the ‘bedrock’ to human meaning and social relations

Question 29

Henri Lefbure 1991 - production of space

H&K

Answer 29

1. Representations of space - planning
2. Representational space - lived in
3. spatial Practices - daily rhythms is an urban space

Question 30

Scale of places

H&K

Answer 30

• Scales are constructed
• economic, political and cultural
• Marston - without scale - events create sites