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SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA > Spastic Dysarthria > Flashcards

Spastic Dysarthria Flashcards

1
Q

Spastic dysarthria is caused by damage to _________________?

A

Direct and Indirect activation pathways of the CNS (UMN)

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2
Q

True or False:

It is very common to see only damage to the indirect or only damage to the direct activation pathways.

A

FALSE

* When damage occurs it is usually on both pathways because they are very intermingled

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3
Q

True of False:

Bilateral lesions of the UMN are more severe than unilateral lesions.

A

TRUE

* Unilateral lesions can still get some information through on side. Bilateral lesions can’t send anything through!

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4
Q

Spastic dysarthria can also be called?

A

Pseudobulbar Palsy

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5
Q

Which of these statements is TRUE?

a. Spastic dysarthria mainly affects the resonatory and articulatory subsystem.
b. Spastic dysarthria mainly affects the respiratory, phonatory, and resonatory subsystem.
c. Spastic dysarthria affects all of the subsystems (respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory)

A

C- Spastic dysarthria is seen in ALL subsystems!

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6
Q

Which of these statements is FALSE?

a. Spasticity is reflected in weakness and muscles that are hard to move.
b. In Spasticity you have decreased muscle tone (hypotonia)
c. In Spasticity you have increased muscle tone (hypertonia)
d. Spasticity slows movement and decreases ROM and force.

A

B- In spasticity muscles are CONTRACTED due to the HYPERTONIA (too much muscle tone!)

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7
Q

UMN lesion causes what kids of signs and symptoms?

A
  • Weakness
  • Loss of skilled mvmts
  • Decreased tone ** (this is strange I know) **at first, the signs are of reduced muscle tone and weakness but as it progresses the signs change to increased muscle tone and spasticity!
  • Hypertonia
  • Positive Babinski reflex
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8
Q

What are the 3 abnormal reflexes seen in UMN damage?

A

1) SUCKING
2) SNOUT
3) JAW JERK REFLEX

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9
Q

Short answer: How do you elicit the SUCKING reflex and what is the abnormal response?

A

Stroke tongue blade across upper lip (start at side and move towards middle) do it on both sides. * Abnormal reflex is when there is PURSING OF LIPS!

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10
Q

How do you elicit the SNOUT reflex and what is the abnormal response?

A

Use tongue blade or finger to tap or push backward on tip of nose and philtrum (between nose and upper lip)
* Abnormal reflex is PUCKERING and ELEVATION of upper lip DEPRESSION of lateral angles of mouth.

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11
Q

How do you elicit the JAW JERK reflex and what is the abnormal response?

A

Make sure patient is relax , and have them open and part their lips. Place a tongue blade or finger on the chin and tap with the other finger.
* Abnormal reflex is QUICK CLOSING OF THE JAW.

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12
Q

The Direct Activation Pathway (DAP) is also known as _______?

A

Pyramidal system!

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13
Q

The Direct Activation Pathway contains two main tracts….which are?

A

CORTICOBULBAR & CORTICOSPINAL

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14
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. the DAP is unilateral.
b. the DAP is bilateral.
c. the DAP has one nerve originating in each cerebral hemisphere.
d. answers b & c

A

D

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15
Q

Why is the DAP called direct?

A

Because it leads directly to the cranial nerve nuclei in the brainstem and the spinal nerve nuclei in the spinal cord.

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16
Q

The DAP is called ___________ because it leas to movement.

A

FACILITORY

* It is responsible for skilled, discrete, quick movements.

17
Q

The Indirect Activation Pathway (IAP) is also know as __________?

A

Extrapyramidal system!

18
Q

Which of these statements is FALSE?

a. DAP involves the corticobulbar & corticospinal
b. the DAP & IAP are part of the LMN system
c. IAP is aka extrapyramidal tract
d. DAP is aka pyramidal tract

A

B- DAP & IAP are part of the UMN system!

19
Q

The DAP mainly arises in ____________?

A

MOTOR CORTEX (60%)

20
Q

The IAP makes connections with what structures? (BCRVR)

A 
Basal Ganglia 
Cerebellum
Reticular formation 
Vestibular nuclei 
Red nucleus
21
Q

Damage to the IAP primarily affects the __________ role of motor control.

A

INHIBITORY

22
Q

List the etiologies that can cause spastic dysarthria?

A
  • Degenerative
  • Inflammatory
  • Toxic- metabolic
  • Traumatic
  • Vascular
23
Q

True or False:

Vascular diseaseS have more spastic dysarthrias than other kind of dysarthrias.

A

TRUE!

24
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a) A single brainstem stroke can cause spastic dysarthria
b) A single cerebral hemisphere stroke can cause spastic dysarthria
c) A single cerebral hemisphere stroke cannot cause spastic dysarthria.
d) answers A & C

A

D

25
Q

Which of these statements is FALSE?

a) Lacunar infact are (mini strokes) caused by very tiny holes in the cortex
b) Lacunar infarcts do not lead to dementia or brain damage.
c. ) Lacunar infacts are a vascular disorder.

A

B- it CAN lead to dementia and brain damage!

26
Q

Binswanger’s subcortical encephalopathy is under what type of etiology?

A

VASCULAR disease!

27
Q

Leukoencephalatis = ?

A

Inflammation of white matter of brain! Inflammatory disease!!!!

28
Q

What does lacunar state means?

A

term for patients with many lacunar infacts!

29
Q

Mention a degenerative disease that causes spastic dysarthria.

A

PLS - Primary lateral sclerosis

* PLS is a subcategory of ALS

30
Q

True or False:

In PLS there are ONLY signs of spastic dysarthria (UMN damage)

A

TRUE!

- ALS is different because it usually has damage in both UMN & LMN (mixed dysarthria - flaccid spastic)

31
Q

One of the most common and life threatening complaints in spastic dysarthria is _______________.

A

DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING (Dysphagia!)

32
Q

List some of the most common SPEECH symptoms and characteristics in individuals with spastic dysarthria.

A

1) Slow effortful speech
2) Strained voice /hoarseness
3) Hypernasality
4) Reduced pitch and loudness variability (monotone)
5) Imprecise articulation - usually very unintelligible
6) Slow but REGULAR AMR’s!

33
Q

List some of the most common NON SPEECH symptoms and characteristics in individuals with spastic dysarthria.

A

1) Dysphagia
2) Drooling
3) Face may be held in a fixed posture
4) Pseudobulbar affect “emotional liability” - ( cry or laugh inappropriately or for no reason )
5) Jaw strength may be normal
6) Gag reflex might be hyperactive
7) Pathological oral reflexes (sucking, snout, jaw jerk)

34
Q

True or False:

Individuals with spastic dysarthria manifest ALL of the speech and non speech symptoms and characteristics.

A

FALSE- they may not manifest all of the symptoms and characteristics

SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA (1 decks)

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