SPASTIC DYSARTHRIA

Question 1

Word most associated w spastic dysarthria

Answer 1

stiffness

Question 2

damage to the ___ causes spastic dysarthria

Answer 2

bilateral upper motor lesion

Question 3

characteristics of spastic dysarthria

Answer 3

imprecise articulation, mono pitch mono loudness, poor prosody, stuff muscles

Question 4

descending motor tracts

Answer 4

neural pathways that carry motor impulses from the cortex to the brain stem

Question 5

role of pyramidal system

Answer 5

carries impules that control fine motor movement, works at a conscious level, direct activation system, corticospinal and corticobulbar tracits, nerve fibers take a more direct path, muscle weakness and rapid fatigue

Question 6

role of extrapyramidal system

Answer 6

carries impules that control postural support needed by fine motor, works at an unconscious level, indirect activation system, rubospinal tract, the recticulospinal tract, vestibulospinal, and tectospinal tract, orgin = brainstem, finally synapse w peripheral nerves, influences the reflexes, muscle tone, and voluntary in speech mechanisms

Question 7

role of umn in spastic

Answer 7

bilateral damage to upper motor neurons of pyramidal and extrapyramidal system

Question 8

pyramidal system and spastic

Answer 8

damage results in weak/slow skilled movements

Question 9

extrapyramidal system and spastic

Answer 9

damage results in weakness, increased muscle tone, abnormal reflexes

Question 10

significance of bilateral damage

Answer 10

damage must be bilateral, results in combination of what would be expected if each system damaged unilaterally

Question 11

causes of spastic dysarthria

Answer 11

stroke, degenerative diseases, traumatic head injury, infections of brain tissue, tumors

Question 12

stroke and spastic

Answer 12

most common cause, results in spastic when two or more cerebral strokes occur, or when 1 brainstem stroke

Question 13

amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 13

degenerative, neurological disease, causes spastic dysartrhia when umn involvement is predominant

Question 14

traumatic head injury

Answer 14

stretched and torn axons, lacerated brain tissue, and blood vessels, can produce widespread injury to the brain, causing bilateral damage in extrapyramidal systems

Question 15

multiple sclerosis

Answer 15

immunlogic disorder resulting in inflammation or complete desctruction of myelin sheath covering axons, w bilateral involement of upper motor neurons causes spastic

Question 16

other causes of spastic dysarthria

Answer 16

brainstem tumor, cerebral anoxia, viral infection, bacterial infection

Question 17

speech characteristics of spastic

Answer 17

spasticity, slowness, weakness in vocal tact

Question 18

which speech mechanisms are affected the most

Answer 18

articulation, phonation, resonance, prosody

Question 19

articulation

Answer 19

imprecise consonant production, vowel distortions, tongue height and placement

Question 20

phonation

Answer 20

harsh, strained, strangled, low pitch

Question 21

resonance

Answer 21

hypernasality, incomplete velopharyngeal closuer, not as severe w flaccid

Question 22

prosody

Answer 22

monopitch, monoloudness, short phrases

Question 23

respiration

Answer 23

not as strong of an indicator

Question 24

additonal charactertics of spastic

Answer 24

PBA= uncontrollable laughing, affecting neurons of brainstem, caused by damage to part of the brain. and DROOLING. causing the individual conscously swallow and theres medicine to reduce this

Question 25

key evaluation tasks for spastic

Answer 25

conversational speech and reading, amr, vowel prolongatino

Question 26

treatment characteristics to remember when treating spastic dysarthria

Answer 26

patient specific, target phonation, articulation, prosody, resonance

Question 27

exercises

Answer 27

head and neck relaxation, head rolls, easy onset of phonation, yawn-sigh

Question 28

symtpoms of articulation deficits

Answer 28

weakness, reduced speed of movement, reduced range of movement,imprecise consonant production

Question 29

treatment of articulation deficits

Answer 29

stretching exercises (tongue stretching-lip stretching) and traditional articulation exercises

Question 30

traditional articulation treatments

Answer 30

concentrate on increasing patient awareness of articulation errors and phoneme productions,

-intelligibility drills, phonetic placement, exaggerating consonants, contrast drills

Question 31

treatment of prosody deficits

Answer 31

(activties that help patient regain vocal-tract flexibility needed to vary pitch and loudness)

-pitch range exercises, intonation profiles, contrastive stress drills, chunking

Question 32

treatment of resonance deficits

Answer 32

hypernasaility, surgical and prosthetic treatments, behavioral based treatments

Question 33

surgical and prostetic treatments

Answer 33

pharyngeal flap procedure, teflon injections, palatal lift

Question 34

behavioral based treatments

Answer 34

visual feedback, reduced rate of speech, increase loudness