Sparta

Question 1

what were lycurgus’ reforms?

Answer 1

the delivery of the great rhetra and the establishment of military organisations

Question 2

who were the inferiors?

Answer 2

spartan citizens who refused to conform to the behaviours and values exhibited by the ideal spartan and failed to abide by laws

Question 3

inferiors quotes

Answer 3

banished to the insulting places

give way and give up his seat - xenophon

Question 4

how was sparta governed?

Answer 4

monarchy, oligarchy and democracy in order to achieve homoioi

Question 5

significant of the monarchy?

Answer 5

dual kingship created a power balance and as a result, ensured sparta was free of risk from becoming a tyrannical state

Question 6

roles of the monarchy?

Answer 6

political, military, religious, legal

Question 7

monarchy quote

Answer 7

nothing much above the level of a private citizen - xenophon

Question 8

ephor quote

Answer 8

everyone rises from their place for a king, except ephors from their chairs of office - xenophon
punish whoever they choose - xenophon
the office of the ephors kept the constitution together - aristotle

Question 9

ephors controlled?

Answer 9

education, laws, administration, public finances, crime and punishment, military campaigns and foreign policy

enact and enforce legislation

Question 10

ekklesia quote

Answer 10

make decisions based off acclamation - xenophon

Question 11

ekklesia role

Answer 11

vote on proposed legislation, and elect ephors as well as members of the gerousia

Question 12

gerousia role

Answer 12

elected to act as jurors, presiding over criminal cases and declaring punishment upon their peers

Question 13

to be a spartan soldier was

Answer 13

a right of passage for all men, as it not only moulded them into an ideal citizen, but provided them with lifelong privilege and honour

Question 14

written and archaeological evidence reveals

Answer 14

agoge, composition and hoplites were key features which drove them to victory

Question 15

if an individual failed to complete agoge training, they would not be eligible to serve in the military as the agoge’s

Answer 15

“survival training intended to teach the youths how to operate behind enemy lines” - helena p. schrader

Question 16

the organisations of the army and the positions held by individuals of different ranks proved vital, as

Answer 16

according the antonio penades, “wielding a greater and more powerful block of fighters than the enemy was one of the keys to victory”

Question 17

the decoration of the exterior proved to be a significant military tactic that was utilised to instil fear in the enemy. this is further supported by

Answer 17

antonio penades who states “the exterior was covered in a fine layer of bronze, whose surface, glinting in the sun, and replicated across the formation, would present a daunting spectacle to the enemy”