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Sparkling Wine Flashcards

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1
Q

Mention the different methods of making sparkling wine

A
  1. Traditional Method
  2. Transfer Method
  3. Tank Method
  4. Asti Method
  5. Carbonation
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2
Q

This method of making sparkling wine requires one fermentation

A

Asti Method

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3
Q

What’s liqueur de tirage?

A

A mixture of wine, sugar, yeast, yeast nutrients and clarifying agent added to the blended base wine when making sparkling wines. This triggers a second fermentation in the bottle

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4
Q

What are the steps of making sparkling wine by the traditional method?

A
  1. Pressing
  2. Base wine produced by the first fermentation
  3. Blending
  4. Second alcoholic fermentation (adding liqueur de tirage)
  5. Store wine on the lees (produces yeast autolysis)
  6. Riddling
  7. Disgorgement
  8. Add liqueur d’expedition (to manage the final sweetness of the wine)
  9. Cork
  10. Bottle Ageing
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5
Q

What’s disgorgement?

A

Process to freeze the neck of a upturned bottle of sparkling wine and remove the sediment

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6
Q

What’s riddling?

A

Moving bottles of sparkling wine slowly from a horizontal to a vertical position to capture the yeast sediment. Traditionally done manually via a pupitre, nowadays it is done mechanically through gyropalettes.

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7
Q

What is added to Champagne to control the sweetness (the dosage)?

A

Liqueur d’expedition (wine and sugar)

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8
Q

Why blending is used?

A
  1. consistency (different vintages)
  2. improve balance (different grapes)
  3. improve complexity (old/young).

This helps achieve a “house style”

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9
Q

This process adds bread, biscuit and toasty notes to sparkling wines

A

Yeast Autolysis

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10
Q

Describe the transfer method to make sparkling wine

A

Same as traditional method, but avoids riddling and disgorgement. After second fermentation you TRANSFER the contents into tanks, where the wine is filtered and then bottled again.

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11
Q

What method is used to make Prosecco?

A

Tank Method

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12
Q

What method is used to make Cava?

A

Traditional Method

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13
Q

Level of alcohol in Asti

A

7% ABV

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14
Q

What’s the Asti method?

A

Method to make sparkling wine. Mainly used for Asti, the Italian sparkling wine. Process requires only one fermentation (in contrast with the other methods) and creates fruity, low alcohol wine.

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15
Q

What are the steps of the Asti method?

A
  1. Pressing
  2. Juice chilled and stored
  3. When required juice is warmed
  4. Fermentation in pressurised tanks
  5. Co2 initially allowed to escape
  6. Tank is then sealed
  7. Fermentation continues until you reach 7% ABV
  8. Fermentation stopped by chilling the wine
  9. Filter
  10. Bottled
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16
Q

Method to make sparkling wine that requires injecting Co2 in the wine?

A

Carbonation

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17
Q

Describe the tank method of making sparkling wine

A

In contrast with the transfer and traditional methods, in the tank method the second fermentation happens in tanks. Minimal lees contact is allowed, therefore the wine flavour mainly comes from the fruit.

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18
Q

Sparkling wine made through the tank method

A

Prosecco

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19
Q

Best method(s) to make sparkling wine for strong flavoured grapes

A

Tank method and carbonation

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20
Q

Styles of sparkling wine by their level of sweetness

A
  1. Brut Nature/Zero dosage–> 0-3 g/L of residual sugar
  2. Extra Brut/Bruto/Herb –> 0-6
  3. Brut/Bruto/Herb –> 0-12
  4. Extra-sec/dry/trocken –> 12-17
  5. Sec/dry/trocken –> 17-32
  6. Demi-sec/medium dry/Abbocato/halbtrocken–> 32-50
  7. Doux/Dulce/Sweet/Mild–> 50+
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21
Q

Style of sparkling wine with 12-17 g/L of residual sugar

A

Extra-sec

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22
Q

Style of sparkling wine with 0-3 g/L of residual sugar

A

Brut Nature/Zero dosage

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23
Q

Brut

A

Most popular style of champagne.

0-12 g/L of residual sugar

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24
Q

What’s non-vintage Champagne?

A

Champagne made of grapes from different vintages

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25
Q

What’s Prestige Cuvée?

A

Best Champagne of one producer

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26
Q

Sparkling wine made with only white varietals

A

Blanc de Blancs

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27
Q

Blanc de Noirs

A

Sparkling wine made of only red grapes

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28
Q

Number of premier crus in Champagne

A

44 premier cru / 17 grand cru

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29
Q

Can Champagne be made by the tank method?

A

No. Only method traditionnelle is allowed

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30
Q

Climate of Champagne

A

cool continental climate

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31
Q

Type of soil in Champagne

A

Chalk (good for drainage)

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32
Q

Grape varieties used to make Champagne

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Meunier

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33
Q

What’s cuvée?

A

The first liquid after pressing when making Champagne. Highest quality Champagne is made only with cuvée

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34
Q

What’s Taille?

A

What’s left after pressing and separating cuvée when making Champagne

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35
Q

List the key regions in Champagne

A
  1. Montagne de Reims (main Pinot)
  2. Vallée de la Marne (Meunier)
  3. Cotes de Blanc (main Chardo)
  4. Cotes de Sezanne (main Chardo)
  5. Cotes de Bar (main Pinot)
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36
Q

Where’s Vallée de la Marne and what produces?

A

Champagne

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37
Q

Where’s Cotes de Sezanne and what produces?

A

Champagne

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38
Q

Where’s Montagne de Reims and what produces?

A

Champagne

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39
Q

Where’s Cotes de Blanc and what produces?

A

Champagne

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40
Q

Where’s Cotes de Bar and what produces?

A

Champagne

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41
Q

Min levels of ageing for non-vintage Champagne?

A

15 months of which 12 on lees

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42
Q

Min levels of ageing for vintage Champagne?

A

36 months (no specification on lees)

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43
Q

Term applicable to a number of French sparkling wine ACs which are not Champagne?

A

Crémant

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44
Q

Name three Cremant ACs

A
  1. Crémant d’Alsace
  2. Crémant de Bourgogne
  3. Crémant de Loire
45
Q

Which of these grapes are permitted for Crémant d’Alsace: Muscat, Gewurstraminer and Chardonnay

A

Only Chardonnay.

Muscat and Gewurztraminer are NOT permitted.

46
Q

Which method is used to produce Crémant d’Alsace?

A

Traditional

47
Q

Min amount of time on lees for Crémant d’Alsace?

A

9 months

48
Q

Min amount of time on lees for Sparkling Vouvray?

A

9 months

49
Q

Which grape varieties are used to produce Sparkling Saumur?

A

Chardonnay
Chenin Blanc
Cabernet Franc

50
Q

Grape used to make Sparkling Vouvray?

A

Chenin Blanc

51
Q

Where’s Cava from?

A

Spain

52
Q

Key regions that produce Cava?

A
  1. Sant Sadurni d’Anoia (Catalauña)
  2. Navarra
  3. Rioja
  4. Valencia
53
Q

What wine is Cataluña known for?

A

Cava

54
Q

What’s Sant Sadurni d’Anoia known for?

A

Main producer of Cava

55
Q

Grapes used to make Cava

A
  1. Macabeo (Virua)
  2. Xarel-lo
  3. Parellada.
  4. Recenly also Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
56
Q

Most Cava is non-vintage?

A

Yes.

57
Q

Sparkling wine that can age well

A

Champagne

58
Q

Where’s Asti?

A

In Piemonte Italy

59
Q

Grapes used to make Asti DOCG

A

Muscat Blanc á Petit Grains

60
Q

Name the different Prosecco appellations

A
  1. Prosecco DOC
  2. Prosecco Superiore DOCG (classico from Conegliano-Valdobbiadene)
  3. Prosecco Superiore Rive DOCG
  4. Prosecco Supriore de Cartizze DOCG
61
Q

Most famous Prosecco region

A

Conegliano-Valdobbiadene DOCG

62
Q

Highest quality Prosecco. The “grand-cru” of Proseccos

A

Prosecco Superiore de Cartizze DOCG

63
Q

High quality Prosecco whose name means “planted on steep land”

A

Prosecco Superiore Rive DOCG

64
Q

Glera is the main grape of what wine?

A

Prosecco

65
Q

Grapes found in Prosecco and min %s

A
  1. Glera- 85%

and up to 15% of:

  1. Verdiso
  2. Perera
  3. Bianchetta
  4. Glera Lunga.
66
Q

Typical style of Prosecco

A

Brut, extra-dry and dry

67
Q

What is Sekt and Deutscher Sekt?

A

German sparkling wine.
Sekt sources grapes/wine from France and Italy
Deutscher requires grapes are German

68
Q

What’s Method cap classique

A

The name of traditional method in South Africa

69
Q

Where can you find sparkling wine in USA?

A

Los Carneros AVA and Anderson Valley

70
Q

Where can you find sparkling wine in Australia?

A

Yarra Valley, Adelaide Hills and Tasmania

71
Q

Mention all main sparkling wines and their countries of origin

A
  1. Champagne (France)
  2. Cremant d’Alsace (France)
  3. Cremant de Bourgougne (France)
  4. Cremant de Loire (France)
  5. Cremant de Limoux (France)
  6. Cremant de Die (France)
  7. Cremant du Jura (France)
  8. Cremant de Bordeaux (France)
  9. Sparkling Saumur (France)
  10. Montlouis-sur-Loire,
  11. Sparkling Vouvray (France)
  12. Cava (Spain)
  13. Asti (Italy)
  14. Prosecco (Italy)
  15. Deutscher Sekt (Germany)
  16. Other countries include Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, USA
72
Q

Service temperature for sparkling wine

A

Well Chilled–>6-10C

73
Q

What’s yeast autolysis?

A

Process whereby dead yeast cells break down and release chemical compounds in wine. When making sparkling wines, this happens after the 2nd fermentation and gives wine flavours of bread, biscuit and toast.

74
Q

Austrian categorization of sparkling wines

A

Level 1 -> 9 months on lees
Level 2 –> 18 months on lees
Level 3 –> 30 months on lees

75
Q

Describe quality level 1 of Austrian sparkling wines

A

Lowest tier, grapes and base wine from Austria, 9 months on lees minimum

76
Q

Describe quality level 2 of Austrian sparkling wines

A

Produced by the traditional method .
All grapes and base wines must come from one of Austria’s “generic” wine growing regions
Spend at least 18 months maturing on lees.

77
Q

Describe quality level 3 of Austrian sparkling wines

A

Highest quality.
Wines may only come only from a single commune, such as Gols or Langelois, (with the
option to include specific vineyard designations.)
Traditional fermentation in bottle
Minimum 30-month on lees

78
Q

Most southerly region of Champagne

A

The Aube (Cote des Bar)

79
Q

Most common grape in Blanc de Blancs

A

Chardonnay

80
Q

Another term of Traditional Method

A

Method Champenoise

81
Q

Most common grape found in Montagne de Reims

A

Pinot Noir

82
Q

What is dosage?

A

Addition of sugar and wine that determines the wine’s final sweetness.

83
Q

What are the different bottle sizes for Champagne?

A
  1. Quarter Bottle (Piccolo) 187 ml
  2. Half Bottle (Demi) 375 ml
  3. Bottle 750 ml
  4. Magnum 1.5 L (2 bottles)
  5. Jeroboam 3 L (4 bottles)
  6. Rehoboam (discontinued in 1989) 4.5 L (6 bottles)
  7. Methuselah 6 L (8 bottles)
  8. Salmanazar 9 L (12 bottles)
  9. Balthazar 12 L (16 bottles)
    10, Nebuchadnezzar 15 L (20 bottles)
  10. Solomon 18 L (24 bottles)
84
Q

Name for a 6L bottle of Champagne

A

Methuselah

85
Q

15L bottle of Champagne

A

Nebuchadnezzar

86
Q

Smallest bottle of Champagne

A

uarter Bottle (Piccolo) 187 ml

87
Q

How many liters is a Jeroboam bottle of Champagne?

A

3 L (4 bottles)

88
Q

What’s a Solomon?

A

a 18L bottle of Champagne (24 bottles)

89
Q

How do you call a 9L bottle of Champagne?

A

Salmanazar

90
Q

How do you call a 15L bottle of Champagne?

A

Nebuchadnezzar

91
Q

What are the key climatic characteristics of Champagne?

A

Climate is cool continental
Vintages vary considerably so blending is important
Risk of spring frost and winter freeze

92
Q

Method used for vinos espumosos

A

cuve close (tank), carbonation or transfer

93
Q

Italian sparkling wine made through the traditional method

A

Franciacorta from Lombardy (method also known as Talento or Metodo Classico)

94
Q

Other names for the Tank method

A

Cuve close or Charmat process

95
Q

Describe the Méthode Dioise Ancestrale

A

Bottling the wine before finishes fermentation
No liqueur d’expedition is added
The wine is generally slightly cloudy

96
Q

Pétillant

A

Slightly sparkling

97
Q

Perlant

A

Very lightly sparkling

98
Q

Spritzig

A

German term for slightly sparkling

99
Q

Governing body for Champagne

A

Comite Interprofessionel du Vin de Champagne (CiVC)

100
Q

Examples of vintage champagne brands

A 
Dom Pérignon (Moët & Chandon)
Grand Siécle La Cuvée (Laurent Perrier)
Grand Année (Bollinger)
Collection (Krug)
Cristal Brut (Louis Roederer)
101
Q

What’s Remuage?

A

Movement of all sediment of dead yeast cells caused by the 2nd fermentation in the production of Champagne

102
Q

The first 2,050 liters to be extracted from 4,000 kg of grapes

A

vin de cuvée

103
Q

Which estate produces “Clos des Goisses?”

A

Philipponnat

104
Q

Permitted method(s) of dégorgement for Champagne.

A

a la glace

a la volée

105
Q

Most cost-effective method of producing sparkling wine?

A

Carbonation

106
Q

What is the most common grape found in Montagne de Reims?

A

Pinot Noir

107
Q

What does “RM” indicate on a bottle of Champagne?

A

Recoltant-Manipulant: produced by a grower from their own grapes

108
Q

Letter Codes for Champagne

A
  1. CM- Cooperative de Manipulant : made by a cooperative
  2. NM-Negociant-Manipulant: sold under the name of the house which made it
  3. RM: Recoltant-Manipulant: made by a grower-producer
  4. RC-Recoltant-Cooperateur: grower’s own grapes but produced by cooperative
  5. MA-Marque d’Acheteur: Bought from a producer / sold under another name
  6. SR: Societe de Recoltant: growers of the same family
  7. ND-Negociant-Distributeur: company buys, re-brands, distributes.

Wine (4 decks)

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