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Spanish verbs > Spanish Verb Tenses - Model sentences > Flashcards

Spanish Verb Tenses - Model sentences Flashcards

1
Q

You don’t listen to the radio.

A

Tú no escuchas la radio.

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2
Q

They don’t wait for the bus.

A

Ellos no esperan el autobús.

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3
Q

Where are you from?

Where are you?

A

¿De dónde eres tú?

¿Dónde estás tú?

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4
Q

I am happy. They are angry.

A

Yo estoy felíz. Ellos están enojados.

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5
Q

We’re tired.

A

Estamos cansados.

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6
Q

These television sets are broken.

A

Estos telivisores están rotos. (Result of an action.)

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7
Q

The fly is dead.

A

La mosca está muerta. (Result of an action.)

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8
Q

You are standing.

A

Estás de pie. (Result of the action.)

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9
Q

The sky is grey.

A

El cielo está gris. (Unnatural condition.)

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10
Q

Her hands are dirty.

A

Las manos están sucias. (Unnatural condition.)

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11
Q

These french fries are delicious.

A

Estas papas fritas están riquísimas. (Particular truth.)

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12
Q

This coffee is very good.

A

Este café está muy bueno. (Particular coffee - not coffee is the best drink of all.)

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13
Q

There isn’t any gas in the car.

A

No hay gasolina en el coche. (“any” is understood)

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14
Q

How old is the car?

A

¿Cuántos años tiene el coche?

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15
Q

They are proud. OR I know that they are proud of me.

A

Tienen orgullo. / Sé que están orgullosos de mí.

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16
Q

Do we have to eat this meat?

A

¿Tenemos que comer esta carne?

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17
Q

I love Lucy. They love their parents.

A

Yo amo a Lucy. Ellos aman a sus padres.

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18
Q

We look for my brother.

A

Buscamos a mi hermano.

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19
Q

I see Juan. Juan is a professor. Juan has two brothers.

A

Veo a Juan. Juan es profesor. Juan tiene dos hermanos. (No personal a with ser or tener - or hay.)

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20
Q

I’m looking for a loyal friend.

A

Busco un amigo leal. (No personal a with unspecific person.)

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21
Q

I love my precious cat, Princess.

I hate termites.

A

Amo a mi preciosa gata, Princesa.

Odio las termitas. (Personal a with animals in a personal relationship, but not strays, hunted animals or vermin.)

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22
Q

Whom are you watching?

A

¿A quién miras? (Personal a before question word.)

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23
Q

I see Juan, Mary and Fido.

A

Veo a Juan, a Mary y a Fido.

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24
Q

She loves the man.

A

Ella ama al hombre. (Personal a in a contraction.)

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25
Q

Normally, I put my money in my wallet.

A

Normalmente, pongo mi dinero en mi billetera (cartera).

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26
Q

Typically, I come to school at nine.

A

Típicamente, vengo a la escuela a las nueve.

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27
Q

It’s the first time I’ve heard of him in decades.

A

Es la primera vez que oigo de él en décadas.

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28
Q

I say goodbye to this chapter of my life.

I mean, sometimes it’s just a matter of common sense.

A

Digo adiós a este capítulo de mi vida.

Digo, a veces es solo una cuestión de sentido común.

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29
Q

Tonight, I give you the opportunity to face your obsession.

A

Esta noche, le doy la oportunidad de enfrentar su obsesión.

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30
Q

Personally, I don’t go out with girls from other galaxies.

A

En lo personal, yo no salgo con chicas de otras galaxias.

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31
Q

And this is what I do to pay my mortgage.

A

Y esto es lo que hago para pagar mi hipoteca.

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32
Q

I heard them talking about it in the locker room this morning.
I didn’t know them, but I heard them talking.
I heard them talking when I was in the kitchen.

A

Los oí hablar de ello in el vestuario esta mañana.
No los conocía, pero los oí hablando.
Las eschuché hablar cuando estaba in la cocina.

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33
Q

They shouldn’t tell us anything.

A

Ellos no deben decirnos nada. (Two verbs)

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34
Q

What can Babe Ruth do?

A

¿Qué puede hacer Babe Ruth? (Two verbs)

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35
Q

It’s raining. It’s rainy. It’s drizzling. It’s humid. It’s dry. It’s snowing. It’s cloudy. It’s foggy.

A

Está lloviendo. Está lluvioso. Está lloviznando. Está húmedo. Está seco. Está nevando. Está nublado.

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36
Q

Fog. Foggy. Mist. It’s foggy.

A

La niebla. Neblinoso. La neblina. Hay niebla. Hace niebla. Está neblinoso.

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37
Q

Bobby Fischer plays chess.

A

Bobby Fischer juega al ajedrez.

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38
Q

They aren’t going to be here.

A

Ellos no van a estar aquí. (ir + a + inf for future)

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39
Q

Are you going to have a party next week?

A

¿Vas a tener una fiesta le semana que viene?

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40
Q

I know your name is Juan. (I know that your name is Juan.)

A

Sé que su nombre es Juan. (saber requires a “que”.

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41
Q

I know how to read. We know how to ski.

A

Sé leer. Sabemos esquiar. (no need for how/como)

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42
Q

I know Gaylord. I know him.

A

Conozco a Gaylord. Lo conozco. (no personal a with a pronoun)

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43
Q

He hardly knows Melbourne at all. He knows Melbourne very well.

A

Él conoce muy poco Melbourne. Él conoce muy bien Melbourne. (conocer with a place)

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44
Q

My mechanic knows German engines well.

A

Mi mecánico conoce bien motores alemanes.

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45
Q

o-ue

  1. I eat lunch.
  2. I approve. We pass.
  3. She counts. / We count.
  4. It costs. You guys count.
A

o-ue

  1. Yo almuerzo. (almorzar)
  2. Yo apruebo. Aprobamos. (aprobar)
  3. Ella cuenta. / Contamos. (contar)
  4. Cuesta. Costáis. (costar)
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46
Q

o-ue

  1. I return the suit. We return.
  2. I sleep.
  3. I find. We find.
  4. I wrap. We wrap.
  5. They bite. We bite.
  6. They die. We die.
A

o-ue

  1. Devuelvo el traje. Devolvemos.
  2. Duermo. (dormir)
  3. Encuentro. Encontramos. (encontrar)
  4. Yo envuelvo. Envolvemos.
  5. Ellos muerden. Mordemos. (morder)
  6. Ellos mueren. Morimos. (morir)
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47
Q

o-ue

  1. I move the chair. We move.
  2. I show.
  3. I try. I taste. I prove.
  4. I remember. We remember.
  5. I solve. We solve.
  6. I beg/pray. We beg. ( not rezar)
A

o-ue

  1. Muevo la silla. Movemos. (mover)
  2. Yo muestro. (mostrar)
  3. Yo pruebo. Probamos. (probar)
  4. Yo recuerdo. Recordamos. (recordar)
  5. Yo resuelvo. Resolvemos. (resolver)
  6. Yo ruego. Rogamos. (rogar)
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48
Q

o-ue

  1. He sounds/rings. We ring.
  2. I dream about clouds. We dream.
  3. I toast.
  4. I return. We return.
  5. I fly. We fly.
A

o-ue

  1. Él suena. Sonamos. (sonar)
  2. Sueño con nubes. Soñamos. (soñar)
  3. Yo tuesto. (tostar)
  4. Yo vuelvo. Volvemos. (volver)
  5. Yo vuelo. Volamos. (volar)
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49
Q

e-ie

  1. We advise you. I advise/warn.
  2. I close. We close.
  3. I begin. I commence. We begin.
  4. I confess. We confess.
  5. He converts/turns into. We convert.
  6. I allow. I consent. We consent.
  7. I defend. We defend.
A

e-ie

  1. Te advertimos. Yo advierto. (advertir)
  2. Yo cierro. Cerramos. (cerrar)
  3. Comienzo. Comenzamos. (comenzar)
  4. Confieso. Confesamos. (confesar)
  5. Convierte. Convertimos. (convertir)
  6. Consiento. Consentimos. (consentir)
  7. Defiendo. Defendemos. (defender)
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50
Q

e-ie

  1. I begin. We begin.
  2. I light. I turn on. We light.
  3. I understand. We understand.
  4. I wash. I scrub. We clean.
  5. I boil. We boil.
  6. I lie. (Tell a lie.) We lie.
  7. I deny. We deny.
A

e-ie

  1. Empiezo. Empezamos. (empezar)
  2. Enciendo. Encendemos. (encender)
  3. Entiendo. Entendemos. (entender)
  4. Yo friego. Fregamos. (fregar)
  5. Hiervo. Hervimos. (hervir)
  6. Miento. Mentimos. (mentir)
  7. Niego. Negamos. (negar)
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51
Q

e-ie

  1. I think (about).
  2. I lose. We lose.
  3. I prefer.
  4. I want.
  5. I refer. We refer.
  6. I feel (like a beat). I regret. We feel.
  7. I suggest. We suggest.
  8. I tremble. I shudder. I shake. We shake.
  9. I stumble. I tripped. We trip.
A

e-ie

  1. Pienso (en). Pensamos (en) pensar (en)
  2. Yo pierdo. Perdemos. (perder)
  3. Prefiero. (preferir)
  4. Quiero. Queremos. (querer)
  5. Refiero. Referimos. (referir)
  6. Siento. Sentimos. (sentir)
  7. Sugiero. Sugerimos. (sugerir)
  8. Tiemblo. Temblamos. (temblar)
  9. Tropiezo. Tropecé. Tropezamos. (tropezar)
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52
Q

e-i

  1. I bless. You (inf) bless. We bless.
  2. I deduce/infer. You infer. We infer.
  3. I compete. We compete.
  4. I obtain. I get. We get.
  5. I correct.
  6. I say. I tell. You tell. We say.
  7. I elect. We elect.
  8. I fire. We say goodbye.
  9. I fry. We fry.
A

e-i

  1. Bendigo. Bendices. Bendecimos. (bendecir)
  2. Colijo. Colijes. Colegimos. (colegir)
  3. Compito. Competimos. (competir)
  4. Consigo. Conseguimos. (conseguir)
  5. Corrijo. Corregimos. (corregir)
  6. Digo. Dices. Decimos. (decir)
  7. Elijo. Elegimos. (elegir)
  8. Despido. Despedimos. (despedir)
  9. Frío. Freímos. (freír)
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53
Q

e-i

  1. I groan. We moan.
  2. I impede. We impede.
  3. I curse. We swear.
  4. I measure (or be a measure). We measure.
  5. I ask for. We order.
  6. I laugh. We laugh.
  7. I repeat. We repeat.
  8. I follow. I continue. We follow.
  9. I serve.
  10. I smile. We smile.
A

e-i

  1. Gimo. Gemimos. (gemir)
  2. Impido. Impedimos.
  3. Maldigo. Maldecimos. (maldecir)
  4. Mido. Medimos. (medir)
  5. Pido. Pedimos. (pedir)
  6. Río. Reímos. (reir)
  7. Repito. Repetimos. (repetir)
  8. Sigo. Seguimos. (seguir)
  9. Sirvo. Servimos. (servir)
  10. Sonrío. Sonreímos. (sonreír)
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54
Q

vowel before cer

  1. I appreciate. I am grateful for.
  2. I appear. You appear.
  3. I know. He knows.
  4. I grow.
  5. I disappear.
  6. I deserve. I merit.
  7. I establish.
  8. I am born.
A

vowel before cer (only yo is irregular)

  1. Agradezco. (agradecer)
  2. Aparezco. Apareces. (aparecer)
  3. Conozco. Conoce. (conocer)
  4. Crezco. (crecer)
  5. Desaparezco. (desaparecer)
  6. Merezco. (merecer)
  7. Establezco. (establecer)
  8. Nazco. (nacer)
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55
Q

vowel before cer

  1. I obey. We obey.
  2. I offer.
  3. I seem.
  4. I belong (to/on)
  5. I please. I gratify.
  6. I recognize.
  7. I lie down. They lie down.
A

vowel before cer (only yo is irregular)

  1. Obedezco. Obedecemos. (obedecer)
  2. Ofrezco. (ofrecer)
  3. Parezco. (parecer)
  4. Pertenezco (a). (pertenecer - (a) -)
  5. Plazco. (placer)
  6. Reconozco. (reconocer)
  7. Yazco. (or yago/yazgo) Yacen. (yacer)
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56
Q

ending with ucir

  1. I drive. I conduct. You drive.
  2. I deduce. We deduce.
  3. I tarnish. I spoil. It/he/she tarnishes.
  4. I induce. I persuade.
  5. I introduce. I insert.
  6. I light up. I shine. They display.
  7. I produce.
  8. I reduce.
  9. I translate.
A

ending with ucir (irregular only in yo)

  1. Conduzco. Conduces. (conducir)
  2. Deduzco. Deducimos. (deducir)
  3. Desluzco. Desluce. (deslucir)
  4. Induzco. (inducir)
  5. Introduzco. (introducir)
  6. Luzco. Lucen. (lucir)
  7. Produzco. (producir)
  8. Reduzco. (reducir)
  9. Traduzco. (traducir)
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57
Q

consonant + cer or cir

  1. I convince.
  2. I exert. I exercise.
  3. I scatter.
  4. I defeat.
  5. I mend. I darn.
A

consonant + -cer or -cir

  1. Convenzo. (convencer)
  2. Ejerzo. (ejercer)
  3. Esparzo. (esparcir)
  4. Venzo. (vencer)
  5. Zurzo. (zurcir)
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58
Q
  • gir or -ger
    1. I catch. I grab.
    2. I deduce.
    3. I correct.
    4. I direct.
    5. I elect. I choose.
    6. I choose.
A
  • gir or -ger (only yo is irregular)
    1. Cojo. (coger)
    2. Colijo. (colegir) (e > i)
    3. Corrijo. (corregir) (e >i)
    4. Dirijo. (dirigir)
    5. Elijo. (elegir) (e > i)
    6. Escojo. (escoger)
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59
Q
  • gir or -ger
    7. I demand.
    8. I pretend
    9. I protect.
    10. I pick up. I gather.
    11. I submerge. I immerse.
    12. I surge. I spurt.
A
  • gir or ger
    7. Exijo. (exigir)
    8. Finjo. (fingir)
    9. Protejo. (proteger)
    10. Recojo. (recoger)
    11. Sumerjo. (sumergir)
    12. Surjo. (surgir)
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60
Q
  • aer
    1. I attract.
    2. I fall.
    3. I contract.
    4. I scrape. I rub off.
    5. I bring back.
    6. I subtract. I remove.
    7. I bring.
A
  • aer (only yo is irregular)
    1. Atraigo. (atraer)
    2. Caigo. (caer)
    3. Contraigo. (contraer)
    4. Raigo. (raer)
    5. Retraigo. (retraer)
    6. Sustraigo. (sustraer)
    7. Traigo. (traer)
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61
Q
  • uir not following g
    1. I conclude
    2. They constitute
    3. I build
    4. I contribute
    5. I destroy
A
  • uir not following g (add y except to nosotros/vosotros)
    1. Yo concluyo. (Concluir)
    2. Constituyen. (Constituir)
    3. Construyo. (Construir)
    4. Contribuyo. (Contribuir)
    5. Destruyo. (Destruir)
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62
Q
  • uir not following g
    6. They flow.
    7. I flee/run away.
    8. I include.
    9. I influence.
A
  • uir not following g (add y except to nosotros/vosotros)
    6. Fluyen. (Fluir)
    7. Huyo. (Huir)
    8. Incluyo. (Incluir)
    9. Influyo. (Influir)
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63
Q
  • guir
    1. I get. I obtain.
    2. I distinguish. I pick out.
    3. I lift up. I erect.
    4. I extinguish.
    5. I persecute. I persue.
    6. I follow.
A
  • guir
    1. Yo consigo. (Consequir e > i)
    2. Yo distingo. (Distinguir)
    3. Irgo. (Erguir e > i)
    4. Extingo. (Extinguir)
    5. Persigo. (Persequir e > i)
    6. Sigo. (Seguir e > i)
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64
Q

Reflexives

  1. I want to see myself.
A

Quiero verme. (More common)

Me quiero ver. (Also used)

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65
Q 
Reflexives
Reflexives - More expansive in Spanish.  Not just "I love myself" but "I brush my teeth."
1. She brushes her teeth.
2. I brush my hair.
3. I take off my hat. 
4. We get dressed in the morning.
5. You go to bed at eleven o'clock.
A
  1. Ella se cepilla los dientes.
  2. Me cepillo el pelo.
  3. Me quito el sombrero.
  4. Nos vestimos en la mañana.
  5. Te acuestas a las once.
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66
Q

Reflexives

  1. Your names are Brigida and Pando. (vosotros)
  2. Romeo marries Juliet.
  3. They become nervous.
  4. Before I go to bed, I take off my clothes and put on my pajamas.
A
  1. Os llamáis Brigida y Pando.
  2. Romeo se casa con Juliet.
  3. Ellas se ponen nerviosas.
  4. Antes de acostarme, me quito la ropa y me pongo la pijama.
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67
Q
  1. I go away.
  2. I gobble up.
  3. I die (softer way)
A

Reflexives - Three that are a little different.

  1. Me voy. (irse)
  2. Me como. (comerse)
  3. I die. (morirse)
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68
Q

Reflexives:

  1. I go to bed
  2. I shave
  3. I bathe.
  4. I get married to someone.
  5. I brush my hair.
  6. I eat hastily.
A

Reflexives:

  1. Me acuesto. (acostarse)
  2. Me afeito. (afeitarse)
  3. Me baño. (bañarse)
  4. Me caso con alguien. (casarse)
  5. Me cepillo el pelo. (cepillarse)
  6. Me como. (comerse)
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69
Q

More reflexives:

  1. I wake up.
  2. I get undressed.
  3. I fall asleep.
  4. I take a shower.
  5. I get sick.
  6. I get angry.
A
  1. Me despierto. (despertarse)
  2. Me desvisto. (desvestirse)
  3. Me duermo. (dormirse)
  4. Me ducho. (ducharse)
  5. Me enfermo. (enfermarse)
  6. Me enojo. (enojarse)
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70
Q

More reflexives:

  1. I wash myself.
  2. I get up. I stand up.
  3. I call myself.
  4. I look at myself.
  5. I comb my hair. (with hair understood.)
  6. I get. I become.
  7. I put on clothes.
  8. I worry about.
A
  1. Me lavo. (lavarse)
  2. Me levanto. (levantarse)
  3. Me llamo. (llamarse)
  4. Me miro. (mirarse)
  5. Me peino. (peinarse)
  6. Me pongo. (ponerse)
  7. Me pongo la ropa. (Me puse la ropa = past) (ponerse)
  8. Me preocupo por algo. (preocuparse)
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71
Q

More reflextives:

  1. I try on clothes.
  2. I take off clothes.
  3. I dry myself.
  4. I sit down.
  5. I feel. (emotional or physical)
  6. I see myself.
  7. I get dressed.
A
  1. Me pruebo la ropa. (probarse)
  2. Me quito la ropa. (quitarse)
  3. Me seco. (secarse)
  4. Me siento. (sentarse)
  5. Me siento. (sentirse)
  6. Me veo. (verse)
  7. Me visto. (vestirse)
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72
Q

Gustar verbs

  1. This film bores me.
  2. I don’t get to play golf enough. That’s good enough for me.
  3. I hate (am disgusted by) your attitude.
  4. I have a stomach ache.
  5. I love your dress!
  6. You’re missing a button.
  7. We’re fascinated by these photos.
A

Gustar verbs

  1. Este película me aburre. (aburrir)
  2. No me basta para jugar al golf. Eso me basta. (bastar)
  3. Me disgusta tu actitud. (disgustar)
  4. Me duele el estómago. (doler o>ue)
  5. ¡Me encanta tu vestido! (encantar)
  6. Te falta un botón. (faltar)
  7. Nos fascinan estas fotos. (fascinar)
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73
Q

Gustar verbs

  1. I don’t like spiders.
  2. The truth is important to me. What’s important to you?
  3. They’re interested in the film.
  4. She bothers me.
  5. It seems ridiculous to me. He seems egotistical to me.
  6. I have too many books. We’re ten dollars over.
A

Gustar verbs

  1. No me gustan las arañas. A ella le gusta el otoño. (gustar)
  2. Me importa la verdad. ¿Qué te importa? (importar)
  3. A ellos les interesa la película. (interesar)
  4. Ella me molesta. (molestar)
  5. Me parece ridículo. Me parece egoísta. (parecer)
  6. Me sobran los libros. Nos sobran diez dólares. (sobrar)
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74
Q

Present progressives. Right now!

  1. I’m speaking.
  2. We’re studying.
  3. You’re eating. (inf)
  4. He’s opening the door.
  5. They’re writing a letter.
A 
Present progressives.
1. Estoy hablando. 
2 Estamos estudiando.
3. Estás comiendo.
4. Él está abriendo la puerta. 
5. Ellos están escribiendo una carta.
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75
Q

Present progress -er yendos”

  1. fall / falling
  2. read / reading; reread / rereading
  3. believe / believing
  4. possess / possessing
  5. scrape / scraping
  6. bring / bringing; bring back (return) / bringing back; remove / removing; attract / attracting; contract / contracting
A

Present progressive -er yendo

  1. caer / cayendo
  2. leer / leyendo; releer releyendo
  3. creer / creyendo
  4. poseer / poseyendo
  5. raer / rayendo
  6. traer / trayendo; retraer / retrayendo; sustraer / sustrayendo; atraer / atrayendo; contraer / contrayendo
76
Q

Present progressive -ir yendos:

  1. construct / constructing; destroy / destruction
  2. contribute / contributing
  3. flow / flowing
  4. flee / fleeing
  5. include / including
  6. influence / influencing
  7. institute / instituting; substitute substituting
  8. go / going
  9. hear / hearing
A

Present progressive -ir yendos:

  1. construir / construyendo; destruir / destruyendo
  2. contribuir / contribuyendo
  3. fluir / fluyendo
  4. huir / huyendo
  5. incluir / incluyendo
  6. influir / influyendo
  7. instituir / instituyendo; sustituir / sustituyendo
  8. ir / yendo
  9. oir / oyendo
77
Q

Present progressive participles for -ir stem-changers:

  1. sleep / sleeping
  2. die / dying
  3. warn / warning
  4. consent / consenting
  5. boil / boiling
  6. lie / lying (tell untruths)
  7. prefer / preferring
  8. refer / referring
  9. feel / feeling; regret / regretting
  10. suggest / suggesting
A

Present progressive participles for -ir stem-changers:

  1. dormir / durmiendo
  2. morir / muriendo
  3. advertir / advirtiendo
  4. consentir / consintiendo
  5. hervir / hirviendo
  6. mentir / mintiendo
  7. preferir / prefiriendo
  8. referir / refiriendo
  9. sentir / sintiendo
  10. sugerir / sugiriendo
78
Q

Present progressive participles for -ir stem-changers:

  1. compete / competing
  2. get / getting
  3. tell / telling; say / saying
  4. measure / measuring
  5. request / requesting
  6. laugh / laughing; smile / smiling
  7. repeat / repeating
  8. follow / following
  9. serve / serving
A 
Present progressive participles for -ir stem-changers:
11. competir / compitiendo
12. conseguir / consiguiendo
13. decir / diciendo
14. medir / midiendo
15. pedir / pidiendo
16. reir / riendo; sonreir / sonriendo
17 repetir / repitiendo
18. seguir / siguiendo
19. servir / sirviendo
79
Q

Preterite -ar

Speak: I, you, he, we, you guys, you (formal), they spoke.

A 
Preterite -ar (regular)
Hablar: hablé, hablaste, habló, hablamos, hablasteis, hablaron.
-á
-aste
-ó
-amos
-asteis
-aron
-
80
Q

Preterite -ar (reg):

  1. I spoke.
  2. We spoke with John last night.
  3. You (inf) watched the movie.
  4. You all bought popcorn.
  5. She called me three times.
  6. They counted the money.
A

Preterite -ar (reg):

  1. Hablé.
  2. Hablamos (same as present) con Juan anoche.
  3. Tú miraste la película.
  4. Vosotros comprasteis palomitas.
  5. Ella me llamó tres veces.
  6. Ellos contaron el dinero.
81
Q

Preterite -er and -ir (reg):

I eat, you eat, he eats, we eat, you all eat, they eat, you (form) eat.

I open, you open, she opens, we open, you all open, they/you (form) open.

A 
Preterite -er and -ir (reg):
Comí, comiste, comió, comimos, comisteis,  comieron
Abrí, abriste, abrió, abrimos, abristeis, abrieron
-í
-iste
-ió
-imos
-isteis
-ieron
82
Q

Preterite -er and -ir (reg):

  1. I wrote a letter.
  2. We ate pizza.
  3. You sold your house.
  4. You all broke the windows.
  5. She drank three glasses of water.
  6. They opened the boxes.
A

Preterite -er and -ir (reg):

  1. Abrí la carta.
  2. Comimos pizza.
  3. Vendiste tu casa.
  4. Rompisteis las ventanas.
  5. Ella bebió tres vasos de aqua.
  6. Ellos abrieron las cajas.
83
Q

Preterite markers:

  1. this morning - I drank orange juice this morning.
  2. this afternoon
  3. yesterday - I bought a shirt yesterday.
  4. yesterday morning
  5. yesterday afternoon - I spoke on the phone yesterday afternoon.
  6. last night - I ate a salad last night
A

Preterite markers:

  1. esta mañana - Bebí jugo de naranja esta mañana.
  2. esta tarde
  3. ayer
  4. ayer por la mañana
  5. ayer por la tarde
  6. anoche
84
Q

Preterite markers:
7. last Saturday
8. last week - I went to school last week.
9 last month - I sold my house last month.
10. last year - I bought a car last year
11. two days ago
12. a month ago

A

Preterite markers:

  1. el sábado pasado
  2. la semana pasada - Asistí la escuela la semana pasada.
  3. el mes pasado - Vendí mi casa el mes pasado.
  4. el año pasado - Compré un coche el año pasado.
  5. hace dos días
  6. hace un mes
85
Q

Preterite reg:

  1. They sang five songs.
  2. You studied last night.
  3. I ran to the corner.
  4. She opened the door.
  5. We didn’t open those windows.
  6. I took a shower this morning.
  7. You washed your hair.
  8. They (f) went to bed at 11:30.
  9. Where did you buy your shirt. I bought the shirt at the shopping center.
A

Preterite reg:

  1. Ellos cantaron cinco canciones.
  2. Tú estudiaste anoche.
  3. Yo corrí a la esquina.
  4. Ella abrió la puerta.
  5. No abrimos esas ventanas.
  6. Me duché esta mañana.
  7. .Te lavaste el pelo.
  8. Ellas se acostaron a las once y media.
  9. ¿Dónde te compraste la camisa? Compré la camisa en el centro comercial.
86
Q

Preterite reg.

  1. What did you get for your birthday. I got flowers and cologne.
  2. Did you listen to the radio today? No, I didn’t listen to the radio today.
  3. Did you have coffee yesterday morning? Yes, I had coffee yesterday morning.
  4. Did you study Spanish last year? Yes, I studied Spanish last year.
  5. They sold the car.
A

Preterite reg.

  1. ¿Qué rebiste para tu último cumpleaños? Recibí flores y colonia.
  2. ¿Escuchaste la radio hoy? No, hoy no escuché la radio.
  3. ¿Tomaste café ayer por la mañana? Sí, tomé café ayer por la mañana.
  4. ¿Estudiaste español el año pasado? Sí, estudié español el año pasado.
  5. Ellos vendieron el carro.
87
Q

Preterite - orthographic yos

  1. I arrived.
  2. I played.
  3. I paid.
  4. I watered a plant.
  5. I mowed the grass. I reaped the fields.
  6. I mowed the lawn [alt.]
  7. I swallowed.
  8. I wandered.
A

Preterite - orthographic yos:

  1. Llegué.
  2. Jugué.
  3. Pagué.
  4. Regué una planta.
  5. Segué el cesped. Segué los campos.
  6. Corté el cesped.
  7. Tragué.
  8. Vagué.
88
Q 
Preterite - orthographic yos
9. I parked.
10. I looked.
11, I clarified.
12. I classified.
13. I stood out.
14. I packed.
15. I justified.
16. I practiced.
17. I took out. I took a picture.
18. I touched. I played an instrument.
A

Preterite - orthographic yos

  1. Aparqué.
  2. Busqué.
  3. Clarifiqué.
  4. Clasifiqué.
  5. Destaqué.
  6. Empaqué.
  7. Justifiqué.
  8. Practiqué.
  9. Saqué.
  10. Toqué.
89
Q

Preterite - orthographic yos

  1. I authorized.
  2. I began [or commenced]
  3. I began.
  4. I organized.
  5. I prayed.
  6. I symbolized.
  7. I traced.
  8. I bumped into.
A

Preterite - orthographic yos (no z before e unless foreign)

  1. Autoricé. (autorizar)
  2. Comencé.
  3. Empecé.
  4. Organicé.
  5. Recé (rezar)
  6. Simbolicé.
  7. Tracé (trazar)
  8. Yo me tropecé (con) - tropezarse (con)
90
Q

Preterite irregulars - the uvs
1. I walked (etc.)
2. I was (estar)
3, I had (tener)

A

Preterite irregulars - the uvs

  1. (andar) Anduve, anduviste, anduvo, anduvimos, andvisteis, anduvieron
  2. (estar) Estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvisteis, estuvieron
  3. (tener) Tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuviesteis, tuvieron
91
Q

Preterite irregulars - using u

  1. I fit
  2. I had (haber)
  3. I could (poder)
  4. I put
  5. I knew (saber)
A

Preterite irregulars - using u

  1. (caber) Cupe, cupiste, cupo, cupimos, cupisteis, cupieron
  2. (haber) Hube, hubiste, hubo, hubimos, hubiesteis, hubieron
  3. (poder) Pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron
  4. (poner) Puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, pusisteis, pusieron
  5. (saber) Supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron
92
Q

Preterite irregulars - with i

  1. I did. I made. (hacer)
  2. I wanted.
  3. I came.
A

Preterite irregulars - with i

  1. (hacer) Hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicisteis, hicieron
  2. (querer) Quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron
  3. (venir) Vine, viniste, vino, vinimos, vinisteis, vinieron
93
Q

Preterite irregulars:

  1. I walked to school this morning.
  2. I had a party two weeks ago.
  3. I couldn’t sleep last night.
  4. I didn’t do anything yesterday.
  5. Last weekend, someone came to my house.
  6. I put my shoes in the closet last night.
  7. I was incredibly sick yesterday.
A

Preterite irregulars:

  1. Anduve a la escuela esta mañana.
  2. Tuve una fiesta hace dos semanas.
  3. Anoche no pude dormir.
  4. No hice nada ayer.
  5. El fin de semana pasad, alguien vino a mi casa.
  6. Puse los zapatos en el armario anoche.
  7. Estuve increíblemente enfermo ayer.
94
Q

Preterite irregs:

  1. They had an accident last Tuesday.
  2. I put on my shoes.
  3. We were there for half an hour.
  4. Who made the beds?
  5. She didn’t come to the meeting because she had an accident.
  6. I was in the store for twenty minutes, and then I came here.
  7. I walked through the park.
A

Preterite irregulars:

  1. Ellos tuvieron un accidente el martes pasado.
  2. Me puse los zapatos.
  3. Estuvimos allí (por) media hora.
  4. ¿Quién hizo las camas?
  5. Ella no vino a la reunión porque tuvo un accidente.
  6. Estuve en la tienda (por) veinte minutos y entonces vine aquí.
  7. Anduve por el parque.
95
Q

Preterite ser and ir:
The same. Ir normally takes preposition “a.” I was, etc. I went, etc.
1. I was president of the club for two year.
2. I went to Mexico last year.
3. You were principal of the school for five years.
4. You went to the movies last night.
5. Nelson Mandela was a political prisoner for 27 years
6. Dan Harris went to the Meditation Center.

A

Preterite ser and ir:
Fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron
1. Yo fui presidente del club por dos años.
2. Yo fui a México el año pasado.
3.Tú fuiste principal de la escuela por cinco años.
4. Tú fuiste al cine anoche.
5. Nelson Mandela fue prisionero politico por veintisiete años.
6. Dan Harris fue al Centro de Meditación.

96
Q

Preterite ser and ir:

  1. We were university students for four year.
  2. We went to Amsterdam for our honeymoon.
  3. They were judges for forty years.
  4. They went to Cuba three times last year.
  5. Did all of you (inf) go to the moon with a monkey?
A

Preterite ser and ir:

  1. Nosotros fuimos universitarios por cuatro años.
  2. Fuimos a Ámsterdam para nuestra luna de miel.
  3. Ellos fueron jueces por cuarenta años.
  4. Ellos fueron a Cuba tres veces el año pasado.
  5. ¿Fuisteis a la luna con un mono?
97
Q 
Preterite - decir y traer:
I said, etc.
I brought, etc.
Like traer: 
1. I attracted
2. He distracted.
3. I brought in. I dissuaded. I withdrew.
4. I removed. I took away. I subratcted.
A

Preterite - decir y traer:
Dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron
Traje, trajiste, trajo, trajimos, trajisteis, trajeron
1. Atraje.
2. El detrajo.
3. Retraje.
4. Sustraje.

98
Q

Preterite - decir y traer:

  1. I told the children my name.
  2. You told me a lie.
  3. The television distracted me.
  4. His manners attracted me.
  5. What did you bring us?
  6. I withdrew to a far corner and waited.
  7. My mom removed the bee sting with tweezers.
  8. I taught my students how to add and subtract numbers.
A

Preterite - decir y traer:

  1. Les dije mi nombre a los niños.
  2. Me dijiste una mentira.
  3. La televisión me distrajo.
  4. Sus modales me atrajeron.
  5. ¿Qué nos trajiste?
  6. Me retraje a una esquina lejana y esperé.
  7. Mi mamá me sustrajo el aguijón de abeja con unas tenacillas.
  8. Les enseñé a mis alumnos a sumar y sustraer números.
99
Q

Preterite - dar y ver

  1. I gave, etc.
  2. I saw, etc.
  3. I gave John a package yesterday.
  4. She saw us at the movies.
  5. She gave me a book.
  6. What did you give him for his birthday?
  7. When they saw me they have me the money.
A

Preterite - dar y ver

  1. Di, diste, dio, dimos, desteis, dieron
  2. Vi, viste, vio, vimos, visteis, vieron
  3. Le di a Juan un paquete ayer.
  4. Ella nos vio en el cine.
  5. Ella me dio un libre.
  6. ¿Qué le diste para su cumpleaños?
  7. Cuando me vieron, me dieron el dinero.
100
Q

Preterite - stem-changing -irs in third person:

  • durmió
  • mintió
  • pidió
A

Preterite - stem-changing -irs (third person only):

  • (o-ue verbs take u) dormir/morir: él duerme - él durmió/durmieron
  • (e-ie take i) advertir/mentir/preferir/sentir: el miente-él miente to él mintió/mintieron
  • (e-i take the i) medir /pedir / repetir /seguir /servir: él pide to él pidió/pidieron
101
Q

Preterite - stem-changing -irs in third person:

  1. She slept for ten hours.
  2. They (m) lied to me.
  3. He asked for more coffee.
  4. The cockroaches died.
  5. Our lawyer warned us of the danger.
  6. At that moment, she preferred not to say anything.
A

Preterite - stem-changing -irs in third person:

  1. Ella durmió por diez horas.
  2. Ellos me mintieron.
  3. Él pidió más café.
  4. Las cucarachas murieron.
  5. Nuestro abogado no advirtió del peligro.
  6. En aquel momento, ella prefirió no decir nada.
102
Q

Preterite - stem-changing -irs in third person:
7. Did they advise you of your rights?
8. Dorothy followed the yellow brick road.
9 They repeated the question twice.
10. He asked his boss for a raise.

A

Preterite - stem-changing -irs in third person:

  1. ¿Te advirtieron de tus derechos?
  2. Dorothy siguió el camino amarillo de ladrillos.
  3. Ellos repitieron la pregunta dos veces.
  4. Él le pidió a su jefe un aumento.
103
Q

Preterites with different aspect in meaning:

A

Preterites with different aspect in meaning:

104
Q

Preterites with different aspect in meaning:

  1. I met John last week.
  2. She couldn’t find it. We weren’t able to find it.
  3. I wanted to leave. He refused to eat.
  4. When did you (inf) find out?
  5. I regret calling her.
  6. She had a baby yesterday.
A

Preterites with different aspect in meaning:

  1. conocer (to know/met): Conocí a Juan la semana pasada.
  2. poder (be able/was able): Ella pudo encontrarlo. No pudimos encontrarlo.
  3. querer (to want/wanted or tried): Quise salir. Él no quiso comer.
  4. saber (to know/found out): ¿Cuándo lo supiste?
  5. sentir (feel/feel sorry for or regret): Sentí llamarla.
  6. tener (to have/had at a certain time): Ella tuvo un bebé ayer.
105
Q

Imperfect:

I used to study, etc.

I used to eat etc.

I used to live, etc.

A

Imperfect:
Estudiar: estudiaba, estudiabas, estudiaba, estudiábamos, estudiabais, estudiaban

Comer: comía, comías, comía, comíamos, comíais, comían

Vivir (same as -er) : vivía, vivías, vivía, vivíamos, vivíais, vivían

106
Q

The three irregular imperfects:
I used to be, etc.

I used to go, etc.

I used to see, etc.

A

The three irregular imperfects:
Ser: era, eras, era, éramos, erais, eran

Ir: iba, ibas, iba, íbamos, ibais, iban

Ver: veía, veías, veía, veíamos, veíais, veían

107
Q

Imperfect:

  1. You lived in New York.
  2. Marcos was president of our club.
  3. Where did you used to work?
  4. I used to make my bed every morning.
  5. We used to live in an aparment.
  6. They used to write notes to their friends in class.
A

Imperfect:

  1. Vivías en Nueva York.
  2. Marcos era presidente de nuestro club.
  3. ¿Dónde trabajabas?
  4. Yo hacía la cama cada mañana.
  5. Vivíamos en un apartamento.
  6. Ellos escribían notas a sus amigos en clase.
108
Q

Impertect:

  1. MIckey Mantle used to play baseball for the Yankees.
  2. You all used to open the windows in January.
  3. I used to go to Italy every winter.
  4. We used to invite everybody to our parties.
  5. I saw a lot of people.
A

Imperfect:

  1. Mickey Mantle jubaba al beisbol para los Yankees.
  2. Abríais las ventanas en enero.
  3. Yo iba a Italia cada invierno.
  4. Ivitábamos a todos a nuestras fiestas.
  5. Veía mucha gente.
109
Q

Imperfect (simple description):

  1. Ana got married.
  2. Ana was married.
  3. I bought a car.
  4. The car was red.
  5. Bozo was a clown.
  6. Holmes and Poirot were detectives.
  7. Mary had a little lamb.
A

Imperfect (simple description):

  1. Ana se casó.
  2. Ana estaba casada.
  3. Compé un coche.
  4. El coche era rojo.
  5. Bozo era payaso.
  6. Holmes y Poirot eran detectives.
  7. María tenía un corderito.
110
Q

Imperfect (simple description):

  1. We wore uniforms to school.
  2. I was embarrassed.
  3. The cat was in the attic.
  4. The cat was white and black.
  5. My pen didn’t work.
  6. Where was the money?
  7. The windows were open, but the door was closed.
A

Imperfect (simple description):

  1. Llevábamos uniformes a la escuela.
  2. Yo estaba avergonzado.
  3. El gato estaba en el desván.
  4. El gato era blanco y negro.
  5. Mi pluma no funcionaba.
  6. ¿Dónde estabe el dinero?
  7. Las ventanas estaban abiertas, pero la puerta estaba cerrada.
111
Q

Imperfect (-ing)

  1. I played the guitar and Juan sang.
  2. I was washing the dishes.
  3. Nobody was listening while the politician was speaking.
  4. They were listening to the radio while they were studing.
  5. Why were you watching television while I was studying?
  6. He was walking and I was running.
  7. We were living in a glass house.
  8. I took a shower while she ate breakfast.
  9. They had 20 dollars this morning.
A

Imperfect (-ing)

  1. Yo tocaba la guitarra y Juan cantaba.
  2. Yo fregaba los platos.
  3. Nadie escuchaba mientras el político hablaba.
  4. Ellos escuchaban la radio mientras estudiaban.
  5. ¿Por qué mirabas la televisión mientras yo estudiaba?
  6. Él andaba y yo corría.
  7. Vivíamos en una casa de cristal.
  8. Me duchaba mientras ellos se desayunaban.
  9. Ellos tenían veinte dólares este mañana.
112
Q

Imperfect (mental, emotional, sensation):

  1. We didn’t believe the story.
  2. You were tired.
  3. You all wanted to go to the movies.
  4. Romeo loved Juliette a great deal.
  5. My ears hurt.
  6. It was nice out.
  7. I knew the answer. (unspecific time)
  8. I liked the flowers in their garden.
A

Imperfect (mental, emotional, sensation):

  1. No creíamos el cuento.
  2. Estabas cansado.
  3. Queríais ir al cine.
  4. Romeo amaba mucho a Julieta.
  5. Me dolían los oídos.
  6. Hacia buen tiempo.
  7. Yo sabía la repuesta.
  8. Me gustaban las flores en su jardín.
113
Q

Imperfect (mental, emotional, sensation):

  1. She didn’t get along with her mother-in-law.
  2. Even though he bothered me, I loved him.
  3. Jane hated the color red.
  4. What were you thinking about?
  5. Did you know him?
  6. How did you feel during the trial?
  7. Dumbo could fly because he had big ears.
  8. Many people went to the movies last week because they wanted to watch a movie.
A

Imperfect (mental, emotional, sensation):

  1. Ella no se llevaba bien con su suegra.
  2. Aunque él me molestaba, lo amaba.
  3. Juana odiaba el color rojo.
  4. ¿En qué pensabas?
  5. ¿Lo conocías?
  6. ¿Cómo te sentías durante el juicio?
  7. Dumbo podía volar porque tenía unas orejas enormes.
  8. Muchas personas fueron al cine la semana pasada porque querían ver una película.
114
Q

Imperfect - would/could:

  1. When I was young, I would play baseball every weekend.
  2. When I lived in Florida, I could swim all year long.
  3. John wouldn’t study because he didn’t like the class.
A

Imperfect - would/could:

  1. Cuando yo era joven jugaba al béisbol cada fin de semana.
  2. Cuando yo vivía en Florida, podía nadar todo el año.
  3. John no estudiaba porque no le gustaba la clase.
115
Q

Imperfect markers:

  1. every day - Every day he robbed banks.
  2. All our lives/always - We drank water our whole lives.
  3. all the time - All the time that I was there you all never said anything.
  4. always - They always cheated us whenever we played cards.
  5. sometimes - Sometimes he didn’t earn as much money as his wife.
  6. every day - I walked every day.
  7. every year/each year - Every year we had a cookout.
  8. for a while - We talked for a while.
A

Imperfect markers:

  1. todo el día - Todos los días él robaba bancos.
  2. toda la vida - Bebíamos agua toda la vida.
  3. todo el tiempo - Todo el tiempo que yo estaba allí, nunca decíais nada.
  4. siempre - Siempre nos engañaban cada vez que jugábamos a las cartas.
  5. a veces - A veces él no ganaba tanto dinero como su esposa.
  6. cada día - Yo caminaba cada día.
  7. cada año - Todos los años teníamos una comida al aire libre.
  8. por un rato - Hablabamos por un rato.
116
Q

Imperfect markers:

  1. frequently - He frequently called me after 10pm.
  2. from time to time/occasionally - From time to time we sent money to the orgainization.
  3. often - Many times they sang during the night.
  4. never - She never bought anything without a coupon.
  5. often - You often lived at home.
  6. so many times / as many times - They repeated it so many times.
  7. several times - Wiz and Gucci collaborated several times.
  8. whenever - Whenever we needed the car. Whenever he called me.
A

Imperfect markers:

  1. frecuentemente / con frecuencia - Él frecuentemente me llamaba después de las diez de la noche.
  2. de vez en cuando - De vez en cuando enviábamos dinero a la organización.
  3. muchas veces - Muchas veces cantaban durante la noche.
  4. nunca - Ella nunca compraba nada sin cupón.
  5. a menudo / con frecuencia - A menudo vivías en casa.
  6. tantas veces - Lo repetían tantos veces.
  7. varias veces - Wiz y Gucci colaboraban varias veces.
  8. cuando / siempre que - Siempre que necesitabamos el carro. Siempre que él me llamaba.
117
Q

Imperfect - general clock time and age in the past (will use ser or tener or evoke them):

  1. It was 2:30 when you called me.
  2. Mary was 22 when she bought her first car.
  3. We worked hard when we were fifteen.
  4. When I got up, it was 6:15.
  5. Where did you live when you were fourteen years old?
  6. What time was it when you finished the book?
  7. How old was John when he got married?
  8. What time did you get home last night? (imp followed by pret)
A

Imperfect - clock time and age in the past (will use ser or tener):

  1. Eran las dos y media cuando me llamaste.
  2. María tenía veintidós años cuando compró su primer coche.
  3. Trabajábamos duro cuando teníamos quince años.
  4. Cuando me levanté, eran las seis y cuarto.
  5. ¿Dónde vivías cuando tenías catorce años?
  6. ¿Qué hora era cuando terminaste el libro?
  7. ¿Cuántos años tenía Juan cuando se casó?
  8. ¿Qué hora era cuando volvista a tu casa anoche?
118
Q

Imperfect - había:

  1. There were twenty people at the party.
  2. There was a spider under my bed this morning.
  3. There was so much fog that I couldn’t drive.
  4. There were more women than men at the meeting.
  5. In January, because it was so cold, there wasn’t anybody outside.
  6. There was an attack last night. (Much less common example of preterite.)
A

Imperfect - había:

  1. Había veinte personas en la fiesta.
  2. Había una araña debajo de mi cama este mañana.
  3. Había tanta niebla que no podía conducir.
  4. Había mas mujeres que hombres en la reunión.
  5. En enero, porque hacía tanto frío, no había nadie afuera.
  6. Hubo un ataque nuclear anoche
119
Q

Imperfect: Going to do something in the past:

  1. I was going to buy a car.
  2. We were going to shovel the snow.
  3. Were you going to call me?
  4. They were going to count the sheep.
  5. He was going to wear his white shirt, but it was dirty.
  6. They were going to spend a day in the country, but the weather was bad.
  7. I was going to go to bed at 10:30, but there was a good TV program on.
  8. Who was going to fix the faucet?
A

Imperfect: Going to do something in the past:

  1. Yo iba a comprar un carro.
  2. Ibamos a quitar
  3. ¿Ibas a llamarme?
  4. Ellos iban a contar las ovejas.
120
Q

Imperfect: Another past progressive form:
1. I was speaking. I was sleeping.
2. We were eating.
3. Sophia was playing the piano.
4. They were going to bed.
5. I was going to sleep. I was going to bed.
You can use the plain imperfect for as well:
6. I played the guitar and Juan sang.

A

Imperfect: Another past progressive form:
1. Yo estaba hablando. Yo estaba durmiendo.
2. Estábamos comiendo.
3. Sofía estaba tocando el piano.
4. Ellos estaban acostándose.
5. Me iba a dormir. Yo estaba a acostándome.
Plain imperfect with similar meaning:
6. Yo tocaba la guitarra y Juan cantaba.

121
Q

Future:
To speak - I will speak, etc.

To eat - I will eat, etc.

To live - I will live, etc.

A

Future:
Habl- hablaré, hablarás, hablará, hablaremos, hablaréis, hablarán

Com- comeré, comerás, comerá, comeremos, comeréis, comerán

Viv- viviré, vivirás, vivirá, viviremos, viviréis, vivirán

122
Q

Future:

  1. I will go to the theater with Marcos.
  2. We will get up at five o’clock.
  3. Where will you be tomorrow?
  4. You all will send the letters tonight.
  5. Who will be the next president?
  6. Those women will hear us.
A

Future:

  1. Iré al teatro con Marcos.
  2. Nos levantaremos a las cinco.
  3. ¿Dónde estarás mañana?
  4. Enviaréis las cartas esta noche.
  5. ¿Quién será el próximo presidente?
  6. Aquellas mujeres nos oirán.
123
Q

Future expressions:

  1. Later - I won’t take off this sweater until later.
  2. This afternoon - The Mets will win this afternoon.
  3. Tonight - You will eat a hamburger tonight.
  4. Tomorrow morning - She’ll buy a new car tomorrow morning.
  5. Tomorrow afternoon - Tomorrow afternoon I will buy food for dinner.
  6. Tomorrow night - What time will the program begin tomorrow night?
  7. Next week - You will travel to Mexico next week.
  8. Next month - We will attend the university next month.
  9. Next year - I will start my training for the army next year.
  10. Weekend - I will go to the movies this weekend.
A

Future expressions:

  1. Más tarde - No me quitaré este suéter hasta mas tarde.
  2. Esta tarde - Los Mets ganarán esta tarde.
  3. Esta noche - Comerás una hamburguesa esta noche.
  4. Mañana por la mañana - Ella comprará un carro nuevo mañana en la mañana.
  5. Mañana por la tarde - Mañana por la tarde compraré comida para la cena.
  6. Mañana por la noche - ¿A qué hora comenzará el programa mañana por la noche?
  7. La semana que viene - Viajarás a México el semana que viene.
  8. El mes entrante - Asistiremos la universidad el mes entrante.
  9. El próximo año - Empezaré mi entrenamiento para el ejército el próximo año.
  10. Fin de semana - Iré al cine este fin de semana.
124
Q

Future:

  1. If a person leaves a window open in summer, many mosquitos will enter the house.
  2. Every airplane at every airport will arrive and depart on time this week.
  3. They will stay at a hotel next month.
  4. I don’t want to give him money because I know that he will lose it.
  5. If I buy this suit instead of that one I will safe fifty dolars.
A

Future:

  1. Si una persona deja abierta la puerta en el verano, muchas moscas entrarán en la casa.
  2. Todas aviónes en todas aeropuertos llegarán y partirán a su hora este semana.
  3. Ellos se quedarán en un hotel el mes que viene.
  4. No quiero darle el dinero porque sé que él lo perderá.
  5. Si yo compro este traje en lugar de ése [OR aquél], ahorraré cincuenta dólares.
125
Q

Future irregulars - group 1

  1. The table won’t fit in this room. Eight chairs won’t fit in my kitchen.
  2. have (aux) - the students will have sold all of the cookies.
  3. Soon I will know how to improvise and sound like the masters. Sabré más mañana que lo que sé hoy.
  4. I will be able to do it tomorrow.
  5. You won’t want to see what’s behind that door.
A

Future irregulars - group 1 (e drops)

  1. caber - La mesa no cabrá en este cuarto. Ocho sillas no cabrán en mi cocina.
  2. haber - Los estudiantes habrán vendido todas las galletas.
  3. saber - Pronto sabré como improvisar y sonar como los maestros. I will know tomorrow than I know today.
  4. poder - Podré hacerlo mañana.
  5. querer - No querrás ver lo que hay detrás de esa puerta.
126
Q

Future irregulars - group 2

  1. put/place - We will put it in the back of your Humvee.
  2. compose - I will compose a song this year.
  3. suppose - If no one calls me on the phone today, I will suppose that everyone is angry at me. I will suppose you know the answer.
  4. become/put on clothing/sun setting - The sun will set tomorrow before six. Before swimming, a person puts on a swimsuit. I’ll start a diet tomorrow.
  5. oppose - Will you oppose the president?
  6. I will have work.
  7. abstain from - I will abstain from eating chocolate this year.
  8. depend on/stick to - We’ll follow this approach.
  9. contain - Will this pail hold all of the paint?
  10. detain - A good policeman will detain many criminals during their career.
  11. maintain - She will maintain good grades in college.
  12. I will get (obtain) work. Where will you get enough money?
  13. sustain - There are those who will sustain you unseen.
  14. We will leave at four o’clock.
  15. These rings will be worth a lot.
  16. You all will come to our party.
  17. agree to - You will agree with me that this dance is easy.
A

Future irregulars - group 2

  1. poner - Lo pondremos en la parte posterior de su Humvee.
  2. componer - Compondré una canción este año.
  3. suponer - Si nadie me llama por teléfono hoy, supondré que todo el mundo está enojado conmigo.
  4. ponerse - Se pondrá el sol mañana antes de las seis. Antes de nadar, una persona se pondrá el traje de baño. Mañana me pondré una dieta.
  5. oponerse - ¿Se oppendrá al presidente?
  6. tener - Yo tendré empleo.
  7. abstenerse de - Me abstendré de comer chocolate este año.
  8. atenerse a - Nos atendremos a este esquema.
  9. contener - ¿Este cubo contendrá toda la pintura?
  10. detener - Un buen policía detendrá muchos criminales durante su carrera.
  11. mantener -
  12. obtener - Yo obtendré empleo. ¿Dónde obtendrás suficiente dinero?
  13. sostener - Hay los que le sostendrán no visto.
  14. salir - Saldremos a las cuatro.
  15. valer - Estos anillos valdrán mucho.
  16. venir - Vendréis a nuestra fiesta.
  17. convenir en - Convendrás conmigo que esta baila es fácil.
127
Q

Future irregulars - group 3

  1. You will tell it to me. I won’t say anything to anybody this weekend.
  2. He will do the assignment. I won’t do a thing this weekend.
  3. undo/unpack - He will untie this knot.
  4. He will redo the homework.
  5. The priest will tell you. BUT The priest will bless you.
A

Future irregulars - group 3

  1. decir - Tú me lo dirás. No diré nada a nadie esta noche.
  2. hacer - Él hará la tarea. No haré nada este fin de semana.
  3. deshacer - Él deshará este nudo.
  4. rehacer - Él rehará la tarea.
  5. El sacerdote te dirá. PERO El sacerdote te benedecirá.
128
Q

Future - habrá is future of hay (one form) (also see future perfect)

  1. There will be a party in your honor.
  2. There will be 20 people at the party. (plural is the same)
  3. There’ll be sales at Bloomingdales in January.
A

Future - habrá

  1. Habrá una fiesta en tu honor.
  2. Habrá veinte personas en la fiesta.
  3. Habrá rebajos en Bloomingdales en enero.
129
Q

Conditional:

  1. I would speak, etc.
  2. I would eat, etc.
  3. I would live, etc.
  4. I would buy the dress, but I don’t have enough money.
  5. When would we go?
  6. Would you eat in that restaurant?
  7. You all would be there at ten, but you have to study.
  8. No one would sleep there.
  9. They wouldn’t sing this song.
A

Conditional

  • ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían
    1. Hablaría, hablarías, hablaría, hablaríamos, hablaríais, hablarían
    2. Comería, etc.
    3. Viviría, etc.
    4. Yo compraría el vestido, pero no tengo suficiente dinero.
    5. ¿Cuándo iríamos?
    6. ¿Comerías en ese restaurante?
    7. Estaríais allí a las diez, pero tenéis que estudiar.
    8. Nadie dormiría allí.
    9. Ellos no cantarían esta canción.
130
Q 
Conditional irreg's - same ones as in future and in same way:
Group 1
1. Our couch wouldn't fit in that room.
2. I would have (aux)
3. You all would know their names.
4. I'd be able to
5. I would want
A 
Conditional irreg's - same ones as in future and in same way:
Group 1
1. Nuestra sofa no cabría en ese cuarto.
2. Yo habría
3. Sabríais sus nombres.
4. Yo podría
5. Yo querría
131
Q

Conditional irreg’s - same ones as in future and in same way:
Group 2
1. I would never put this family at risk.
2. He would compose; she would sing, and tell him he was a genius.
3. Why would you suppose something like that?
4. He said they would never put my face on an album cover.
5. I would fight them with everything I’ve got.
6. I would have work.
7. I would refrain (abstain) from saying we live in a historic moment.
8. It was agreed that the commission would adhere to it’s workplan.
9. And that his organs would contain high amounts of unmetabolized drug.
10. I thought nothing would stop those vampires.
11. I said I would stay away (maintain distance), but my situation has changed.
12. I would get work.
13. I was wondering how I would get hold of that.
14. When would you leave?
15. These rings wouldn’t be worth anything.
16. I said we would come and we have come.
17. His delegation would agree to maintain (keep) the paragraph.

A

Conditional irreg’s - same ones as in future and in same way:
Group 2
1. poner - Nunca pondría esta familia en riesgo.
2. componer - Él compondría; ella cantaría y le diría que era un genio.
3. suponer - ¿Por qué supondrías also que así?
4. ponerse - Me dijo que nunca pondrían mi cara en la portada de un disco.
5. oponerse - Me opondría a ellos con todo lo que tengo.
6. tener - Yo tendría empleo.
7. abstenerse de - Me abstendría de decir que vivimos en un momento histórico.
8. atenerse a - Se convino que la comisión se atendría a su plan de trabajo.
9. contener - Y que sus organos contendrían altas cantidades de droga sin metabolizar.
10. detener - Pensé que nada dentendría a esos vampiros.
11. mantener - Dije que me mantendría alejada, pero me situación ha cambiado.
12. obtener - Yo obtendría empleo.
13. sostener - Me preguntaba como sostendría eso.
14. salir - ¿Cuándo saldrías?
15. valer - Estos anillos no valdrían nada.
16. venir - Dije que vendríamos y vinimos.
17. convenir en - Su delegación convendría en mantener el párrafo.

132
Q

Conditional irreg’s - same ones as in future and in same way:
Group 3
1. I would tell him anything.
2. What would we do?
3. Would it undo what you have done?
4. He would redo the homework.
5. The priest would tell you. BUT The priest would bless you.

A

Conditional irreg’s - same ones as in future and in same way:
Group 3
1. decir - Yo le diría cualquier cosa.
2. hacer - ¿Qué haríamos?
3. deshacer - ¿Desharía lo que has hecho?
4. rehacer - Él reharía la tarea.
5. El sacerdote te diría. PERO El sacerdote te benedeciría.

133
Q

Conditional - Habría
Conditional of hay (singular and plural)
1. There would be more money, but we went to the casino.
2. Juan lost five books; otherwise there would be thiry on the shelf.

A

Conditional - Habría

  1. Habría más dinero, pero fuimos al casino.
  2. Juan perdió cinco librios; de otra manera, habría treinte en el estante.
134
Q 
Present perfect:
he, has, ha, hemos, han + past participle
1. I have spoken with Robert. 
2. We have gone to bed.
3. You have been here for ten minutes.
4. Have you all received the presents?
5. Mitch has been my friend for 35 years.
6. They haven't visited him.
A

Present perfect:
he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han
1. Yo he hablado con Roberto. (haber and participle cannot be separated.)
2. 2. Nos hemos acostado. (Object pronouns must precede.)
3. Tú has estado aquí por diez minutos.
4. ¿Habéis recibido los regalos?
5. Mitch ha sido mi amigo por treinta y cinco años.
6. No lo han visitado.

135
Q

Present perfect / Irregular past participles with accented í:

  1. attracted - The handsome men have always attracted women.
  2. fallen/fall in with (like) - The lions have fallen into the trap. I’ve always like Leonor (she’s impressed me well).
  3. You’re so innocent, you’ve believed the joke.
  4. read - I have read a book.
  5. heard - I’ve heard you’re getting married.
  6. possessed - You must feel that the Holy Spirit has already possessed your life.
  7. laughed - We laughed about it together.
  8. smiled - At least you’ve smiled.
  9. brought - I haven’t brought my passport!
A

Present perfect / Irregular past participles

  1. atraer - atraído: Los hombres guapos siempre han atraído a las mujeres.
  2. caer - caído: Los leones han caído en la trampa. Leonor siempre me ha caído bien.
  3. creer - creído: Qué inocente eres, tu has creído toda la broma.
  4. leer - leído: He leído un libro.
  5. oir - oído: He oído que te casas.
  6. poseer - poseído: Debes sentir que el Espíritu Santo ya ha poseído tu vida.
  7. reir - reído: Hemos reído juntos de esto.
  8. sonreir sonreído: Al menos has sonreído.
  9. traer - traído: ¡No he traído mi pasaporte!
136
Q

Present perfect / Irregular past participles:

  1. opened - I have opened the door.
  2. covered - In fact, you have covered the main points.
  3. discovered - And what have we discovered (learned)?
  4. described - I’ve described it as “green tape.”
  5. written - Haven’t you written the letter?
  6. fried - I have fried a hamburger.
A

Present perfect / Irregular past participles:

  1. abrir - abierto: He abierto la puerta.
  2. cubrir - cubierto: De hecho, ha cubierto usted los aspectos principales.
  3. descubrir - descubierto: ¿Y qué hemos descubierto?
  4. describir - descrito: Lo he descrito como “burocracia verde.”
  5. escribir - escrito: ¿No has escrito la carta?
  6. freir - frito: He frito una hamburguesa.
137
Q

Present perfect / Irregular past participles:

  1. said - He has told me a lie.
  2. done/made - We haven’t done anything. What have you made for us?
  3. broke / broke through: He has broken a dish.
  4. seen - Have you all seen the movie?
  5. provided - The store has provided us clothes.
  6. languished/rotted - The eggs have rotted.
A

Present perfect / Irregular past participles:

  1. decir - dicho: Él me ha dicho una mentira.
  2. hacer - hecho: No hemos hecho nada. ¿Qué has hecho para nosotros?
  3. romper - roto: Ha roto un plato.
  4. ver - visto: ¿Habéis visto la película?
  5. proveer - provisto: La tienda nos ha provisto ropa.
  6. pudrir - podrido: Los huevos se han podrido.
138
Q

Present perfect / Irregular past participles:

  1. returned (something) - I’ve returned books to the library.
  2. wrapped (up) - I have wrapped a present.
  3. returned - Why haven’t they returned?
  4. disolved - The UCK has been dissolved, it says.
  5. resolved / solved: I’ve solved all my problems.
  6. died - The rabbit has died.
  7. put / placed - Where have you put the dishes?
  8. opposed - He has opposed the invasion.
A

Present perfect / Irregular past participles:

  1. devolver - devuelto: He devuelto libros a la biblioteca.
  2. envolver - envuelto: He envuelto un regalo.
  3. volver - vuelto: ¿Por qué no han vuelto (or regresado)?
  4. disolver - disuelto: La UCK ha disuelto, dice.
  5. resolver - resuelto: He resuelto todos mis problemas.
  6. morir - muerto: El conejo ha muerto.
  7. poner - puesto: ¿Dónde has puesto los platos?
  8. oponer - opuesto: Se ha opuesto la invasión.
139
Q 
Past perfect:
Imperfect of haber + past participle
I had, etc.
1. I had prepared the dinner.
2. We hadn't tried that method.
3. You had been here.
4. You all had worked hard.
5. He hadn't visited my uncle.
6. Had they gone to bed?
A 
Past perfect:
había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, habían
1. Yo había preparado la cena.
2. No habíamos probado ese metódo.
3. Habías estado aquí.
4. Habíais trabajado duro.
5. Él no había visitado a mi tío.
6. ¿Se habían acostado?
140
Q

Past perfect examples:

  1. I hadn’t eaten before calling you.
  2. We hadn’t listened to the speech until Tuesday.
  3. Had you washed your hands before eating?
  4. They hadn’t driven the car before buying it.
A

Past perfect examples:

  1. Yo no había comido antes de llamarte. (verbs remain unconjugated after a preposition.)
  2. No habíamos escuchado el discurso hasta el martes.
  3. ¿Te habías lavado las manos antes de comer? (las manos!)
  4. Ellos no habían manejado el coche antes de comprarlo.
141
Q

Past perfect examples with irregular past participles:

  1. I had seen the movie.
  2. We had opened all the windows.
  3. You had returned from the market.
  4. You all had wrapped the gifts.
  5. The food had rotted.
  6. The sicentists had discovered another element.
A

Past perfect examples with irregular past participles:

  1. Yo había visto la pelíicula.
  2. Habíamos abierto todas las ventanas.
  3. Habías vuelto del mercado.
  4. Habíais envuelto los regalos.
  5. La comida había podrido.
  6. Los científicos habían descubierto otro elemento.
142
Q

Imperative - tú commands:

  1. you speak / speak! / don’t speak!
  2. you eat / eat! / don’t eat!
  3. you live / live! / don’t live!
  4. you write / write! / don’t write
  5. Don’t buy the fish!
  6. Don’t open the door!
A

Imperative: tú commands

  1. Hablas / ¡Habla! / ¡No hables!
  2. Comes / ¡Come! / ¡No comas!
  3. Vives / ¡Vive! / ¡ No vivas!
  4. Escribes / ¡Escribe! / ¡No escribas!
  5. ¡No compres el pescado!
  6. ¡No abras la puerta!
143
Q

Imperative - tú - orthographic changes:

  1. You don’t play the piano. / Don’t play the piano!
  2. You don’t play baseball. / Don’t play baseball!
  3. You don’t begin. / Don’t begin!
A

Imperative - tú - orthographic changes:

  1. No tocas el piano. ¡No toques el piano!
  2. No juegas al beisból. ¡No jueges al beisból!
  3. No comienzas. / ¡No comiences!
144
Q

Iregular tú imperatives:

  1. say - Say! Don’t say!
  2. do/make - Do! Don’t do!
  3. go - Go! Don’t go!
  4. put - Put! Don’ put!
  5. leave - Leave! Don’t leave!
  6. Be! Don’t be!
  7. Have! Don’t have!
  8. Come! Don’t come!
A

Iregular tú imperatives:

  1. decir - ¡Di! ¡No digas!
  2. hacer - ¡Haz!
  3. ir - ¡Ve! ¡No vayas!
  4. poner - ¡Pon! ¡No pongas!
  5. salir - ¡Sa! ¡No salgas!
  6. ser - ¡Sé! ¡No seas!
  7. tener - ¡Ten! ¡No tengas!
  8. venir - ¡Ven! ¡No vengas!
145
Q

Iregular tú imperatives:

  1. Put the book here! Don’t put the shoes on the table!
  2. Tell the truth! Don’t say anything!
  3. Make the bed! Don’t make the beds!
  4. Leave the house! Don’t leave now!
  5. Come to the kitchen! Don’t come tomorrow!
  6. Be kind! Don’t be selfish!
  7. Go to the livingroom! Don’t go shopping today!
  8. Have the money by tomorrow! Don’t have animals in the house!
A

Iregular tú imperatives:

  1. ¡Pon el libro aquí! ¡No pongas los zapatos en la mesa!
  2. ¡Di la verdad! ¡No digas nada!
  3. ¡Haz la cama! ¡No hagas las camas!
  4. ¡Sal de la casa! ¡No salgas ahora!
  5. ¡Ven a la cocina¡ ¡No vengas mañana!
  6. ¡Sé amable! ¡No seas egoísta!
  7. ¡Ve a la sala! ¡No vayas de compras hoy!
  8. ¡Ten el dinero para mañana! ¡No tengas animales en la casa!
146
Q

Affirmative imperative with direct object pronouns:

  1. Study it!
  2. Bring it to me!
  3. Give me the book!
  4. Leave me alone!
  5. Do me a favor!
  6. Tell us the secret!
  7. Stand up!
  8. Bring me the book!
A

Affirmative imperative with direct object pronouns:

  1. ¡Estúdialo!
  2. ¡Tráemelo!
  3. ¡Deme el libro!
  4. ¡Déjame en paz!
  5. ¡Hazme un favor!
  6. ¡Dinos el s ecreto!
  7. ¡Levántate!
  8. ¡Tráigame el libro!
147
Q

Affirmative imperative with direct object pronouns - Reflexive/Indirect/Direct - RIM - for all types of commands:

  1. Tell it to me!
  2. Give them to me!
  3. Buy it for yourself!
  4. Give it to him!
A

Affirmative imperative with direct object pronouns - Reflexive/Indirect/Direct - RIM - for all types of commands:

  1. ¡Dímelo!
  2. ¡Dámelo(a)s!
  3. ¡Cómpratelo!
  4. ¡Dáselo! (Not Dálelo to avoid the double L)
148
Q

Negative imperative with object pronouns:

  1. Don’t look at me!
  2. Don’t give him the money!
  3. Don’t put it there!
  4. Don’t do it!
  5. Don’t tell it to him!
  6. Don’t buy them!
A

Negative imperative with object pronouns:

  1. ¡No me mires!
  2. ¡No le des el dinero!
  3. ¡No lo pongas allí!
  4. ¡No lo hagas!
  5. ¡No se lo digas!
  6. ¡No los (las) compres!
149
Q 
Regular usted commands: 
Present-tense yo stem + e for ar verbs and +a for er verbs: Hablar-hablo-habl +e / comer-como-com + a
1. Speak!
2. Eat!
3. Write!
4. Put!
5. Have!
6. Bring!
7. Be!
8. Give!
9. Begin!
A

Regular usted commands:

  1. ¡Hable!
  2. ¡Coma!
  3. ¡Escriba!
  4. ¡Ponga!
  5. ¡Tenga!
  6. ¡Traiga!
  7. ¡Esté!
  8. ¡Dé!
  9. ¡Comience!
150
Q

Irregular usted commands (just three):

  1. go - Go to the front of the room!
  2. know - Know everything for tomorrow!
  3. be - Be good! Don’t be bad!
  4. Go away! Don’t go away!
  5. Know it!
A

Irregular usted commands (just three):

  1. ¡Vaya al frente de la sala!
  2. ¡Sepa todo para mañana!
  3. ¡Sea bueno! ¡No sea mala!
  4. ¡Vayase! ¡No se vaya!
  5. ¡Sépalo!
151
Q 
Ustedes commands:
Same as usted but ad an 'n.'
1. Speak!
2. Don't eat!
3. Write!
4. Go away!
5. Know it!
6. Be kind!
A

Ustedes commands:

  1. ¡Hablen!
  2. ¡No coman!
  3. ¡Escriban!
  4. ¡Váyanse!
  5. ¡Sépanlo!
  6. ¡Sean amables!
152
Q 
Vosotros commands:
Drop r from infinitive and add d.
1. Work!
2. Drink!
3. Write!
A

Vosotros commands:

  1. ¡Trabajad!
  2. ¡Bebed!
  3. ¡Escribid!
153
Q 
Regular negative vosotros commands:
Add -áis to yo stem of er and ir verbs; add -éis to you stem of ar verbs; ir, saber and ser are the three exceptions.
1. Don't work! 
2. Don't drink!
3. Don't write!
4. Don't go with me!
5. Don't know everything!
6. Don't be mean!
A

Regular negative vosotros commands:

  1. ¡No trabajéis!
  2. ¡No bebáis!
  3. ¡No escribáis!
  4. ¡No vayáis conmigo!
  5. ¡No sepáis todo!
  6. ¡No seáis anitpáticos!
154
Q

Negative vosotros commands for er and ir stem changers:

  1. Don’t request!
  2. Don’t follow!
  3. Don’t sleep!
A

Negative vosotros commands for er and ir stem changers:

  1. ¡No pidáis!
  2. ¡No sigáis!
  3. ¡No durmáis!
155
Q

Nosotros commands:

  • emos to yo stem of -ar verbs and -amos to yo stem of -er verbs
    1. Let’s talk!
    2. Let’s eat!
    3. Let’s write!
    4. Let’s be!
A

Nosotros commands:

  1. ¡Hablemos!
  2. ¡Comamos!
  3. ¡Escribamos!
  4. ¡Estemos! (drop the oy)
156
Q 
Nosotros commands stem-changers:
No change in -ar or -er verbs.
1. Let's count the money!
2. Let's move the furniture!
3. Let's return!
4. Let's think!
-ir verbs:
5. o-ue = u - Let's sleep!
6. e-ie = i - Let's lie!
7. e-i = iLet's ask!
8. Let's pay the bill!
9. Let's play the piano!
10. Let's begin!
A 
Nosotros commands stem-changers:
No change in -ar or -er
1. ¡Contemos el dinero!
2. ¡Movamos los muebles!
3. ¡Volvamos!
4. ¡Pensemos!
5. ¡Durmamos!
6. ¡Mintamos!
7. ¡Pidamos!
8. ¡Paguemos la cuenta!
9. ¡Toquemos el piano!
10. ¡Comecemos!
157
Q 
Nosotros commands:
Dropped s
1.Let's stand up! 
2. Let's sit down! 
3. Let's go to bed!
4. Let's not fly!
5. Let's not take a bath!
The four exceptions:
1. Let's go! / Let's not go!
2. Let's go away! / Let's not go away!
3. Let's know! / Let's not know!
4. Let's be! / Let's not be!
A 
Nosotros commands stem-changers:
1. Levantemos + nos ¡Levantémonos!
2. Sentemos + nos - ¡Sentémonos!
3. Acostemos + nos - ¡Acostémonos!
4. ¡No volemos!
5. ¡No nos bañemos!
The four exceptions:
1. ¡Vamos! / ¡No vayamos!
2. ¡Vámonos! / ¡No nos vayamos!
3. ¡Sepamos! / ¡No sepamos!
4. ¡Seamos! / ¡No seamos!
158
Q

Present subjunctive:
yo stem without the o and add
-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an to er verbs
-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en to ar verbs
1. speak (subj forms)
2. eat
3. live

A

Present subjunctive:

  1. hablar (hablo): hable, hables, hable, hablemos, habléis, hablen
  2. comer (como) : coma, comas, coma, comamos, comáis, coman
  3. vivir (vivo): viva, vivas, viva, vivamos, viváis, vivan
159
Q

Nine Spanish verb prototypes showing present subjunctive:

  1. speak
  2. eat
  3. live
  4. know
  5. have
  6. do
  7. want
  8. leave
  9. see
A

Nine Spanish verb prototypes showing present subjunctive:

  1. hablar (hablo): hable, hables, hable, hablemos, habléis, hablen
  2. comer (como) : coma, comas, coma, comamos, comáis, coman
  3. vivir (vivo): viva, vivas, viva, vivamos, viváis, vivan
  4. conocer (conozco): conozca, conozcas, conozca, conozcamos, conozcáis, conozcan
  5. tener (tengo): tenga, tengas, tenga, tengamos, tengáis, tengan
  6. hacer (hago): haga, hagas, haga, hagamos, hagáis, hagan
  7. querer (quiero): quiera, quieras, quiera, QUERAMOS, Queráis, quieran
  8. salir (salgo): salga, salgas, salga, salgamos, salgáis, salgan
  9. ver (veo): vea, veas, vea, veamos, veáis, vean
160
Q

Present subjunctive -ir stem changers:

  1. o to ue: use u: sleep
  2. i to ie: use i: to lie
  3. e to i: keep it i: to ask
A

Present subjunctive -ir stem changers:

  1. durmamos; durmáis
  2. mintamos; mintáis
  3. pidamos, pidáis
161
Q

The six irregular present subjunctives:

  1. give
  2. be (location)
  3. have
  4. go
  5. know
  6. be (essence)
A

The six irregular present subjunctives:

  1. dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den
  2. esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén
  3. haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan
  4. vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan
  5. sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan
  6. sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean
162
Q

Subjunctive: Desire

  1. to hope - They hope that we can dance. I hope they live in that house.
  2. demand - The job position requires that the candidate travel a lot.
  3. insist on - We insist that you have the money.
  4. God willing; I strongly hope - God willing, she will arrive on time.
  5. request - She requests that you (pl) serve the coffee.
  6. prefer - He prefers that I speak
  7. want - I want John to study.
  8. pray, beg - They’re begging me to take them to the park.
  9. suggest - Except in case of an emergency, I suggest that you no one call me after 10 o’clock at night.
A

Subjunctive: Desire
1. Esperan que podamos bailar. Espero que vivan en esa casa.
2. El puesto de trabajo exige que el candidato viaje mucho.
3. Insistimos que tú tengas el dinero.
4. Ojalá que ella llegue a tiempo.
5. Ella pide que Uds. sirvan el café.
6. Él prefiere que yo hablé.
7, Quiero que John estudie.
8. Rogan que los lleve al parque.
9. Excepto en caso de emergencia, sugiero que nadie me llame después de las diez de la noche.

163
Q

Subjunctive: Ignorance

  1. doubt that: I doubt that she eats in that restaurant.
  2. do no believe that (no creer que): I don’t believe that John has the money. I believe that Juan has the money.
  3. not be convinced that: He is not convinced that I need so much money.
  4. not be sure that: She isn’t sure that the coffee is ready.
  5. not imagine that: I don’t imagine that you believe my story
  6. not seem that: It doesn’t seem that he wants to be here
  7. not think that (no pensar que) : I’d rather not think of her doing what I did.
  8. not suppose that: I don’t suppose that you’ll tell me his name.
  9. suspect or fear that: Don’t be afraid that your bag might be stolen.
A

Subjunctive: Ignorance

  1. Dudo que ella coma en ese restaurante.
  2. No creo que John tenga el dinero. Creo que Juan tiene el dinero.
  3. Él no está convencido de que yo neciste tanto dinero.
  4. Ella no está segura de que el café esté listo.
  5. No me imagino que creas mi historia.
  6. No parece que él quiera estar aquí.
  7. Preferiría no pensar que hará lo que yo hacía.
  8. No supongo que me digas su nombre.
  9. No tema que le roben el bolso.
164
Q

Subjunctive: Emotional statements or comments

  1. I’m happy that you’re so tall.
  2. He’s sad that she’s a dishonest person.
  3. We’re delighted that you can come to our party.
  4. They’re angry that their team won’t win the tournament.
  5. I’m frustrated that she’s always late.
  6. She’s anxious that you’ll fail the test.
  7. I’m worried that they’ll tell me more lies.
A

Subjunctive: Emotional statements or comments

  1. Estoy feliz que seas tan alto (a).
  2. Él está triste que ella sea una persona deshonesta.
  3. Estamos encantados que puedas venir a nuestra fiesta.
  4. Ellos están enojados que su equipo no gane el torneo.
  5. Estoy frustado que ella siempre esté tarde.
  6. Ella esta ansioso que suspendas el examen.
  7. Estoy preocupado que ellos me digan más mentiras.
165
Q

Subjunctive: Impersonal opinion

  1. it is advisable that - It’s advisable that they know their address.
  2. it is fantastic that - I think it’s fantastic that you came.
  3. it is important that - It is important that you all watch this program.
  4. it’s impossible that - It’s impossible for me to be in two places at the same time.
  5. it is incredible that - It’s incredible that he speaks twelve languages.
  6. it’s a pity that - It’s a pity that I’m sick.
  7. it is better that - It’s better for us to eat the celery (that we eat it)
  8. it is necessary that - It’s necessary for you to go now. (leave)
A

Subjunctive: Impersonal opinion

  1. Conviene que ellos sepan su dirección.
  2. Creo es fantástico que vinieras.
  3. Es importante que miréis este programa.
  4. Es imposible que yo esté en dos lugares al mismo tiempo.
  5. Es increíble que él hable doce idiomas.
  6. Es una lástima que yo esté enfermo.
  7. Es mejor que comamos el apio.
  8. Es necesario que te vayas ahora.
166
Q

Subjunctive: Impersonal opinion

  1. it is possible that - It’s possible that the jury has made a mistake.
  2. it is preferable that - It’s preferable that you buy eggs by the dozen.
  3. it’s probable that - The walk is likely to take a total of 15 minutes.
  4. it’s ridiculous that - It’s ridiculous that so many politicians don’t tell the truth.
  5. it’s terrible that - It’s terrible that this happens.
  6. it’s better that - It’s better that we eat in the kitchen.
  7. I hope that (God willing) - I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow. If only Jane wouldn’t sing at the wedding.
  8. it may be that - It may be that Alice doesn’t work here anymore. The reason may be that it is fast and exciting. In 20 years, you could be ahead of us.
  9. unlikely that - I think it’s unlikely that the finger prints will be wiped off.
A

Subjunctive: Impersonal opinion

  1. Es posible que el jurado haya cometido un error.
  2. Es preferible que compres los huevos por docenas.
  3. La caminata es probable que tome un total de quince minutos.
  4. Es ridículo que tantos políticos no digan la verdad.
  5. Es terible que pase esto.
  6. más vale que - Es mejor que comamos en la cocina.
  7. ojalá que - Ojalá que no llueva mañana. Ojalá que Jane no cante en la boda.
  8. puede ser que - Puede ser que Alice ya no trabaje aquí. Puede ser que sea rápido y ecocianante. Él puede ser que invente algo. En 20 años, ustedes (not with the puede) puede ser que nos aventajen.
  9. Creo que es poco probable que (improbable) las huellas fueran borradas.
167
Q

Subjunctive: Uncompleted action

  1. unless - He will not go unless you go.
  2. before - The priest can’t baptize the baby before the godparents arrive.
  3. provided that - I’ll play the piano provided that you (all) sing.
  4. when - I’ll believe it when I see it.
  5. after - You’ll feel better after you take this medicine.
  6. in case - I will study in case there is a test.
  7. until - We’ll work until they close the office.
  8. while - I’ll dry the dishes while you wash them.
  9. so that - I’ll cook so that we can eat.
  10. without - Without his knowing, he gave me a good idea.
  11. as soon as - She’ll call you as soon as I arrive.
A

Subjunctive: Uncompleted action

  1. Él no irá a menos que tú vayas.
  2. El sacerdote no puede bautizar al bebé antes (de) que lleguen los padrinos.
  3. Tocaré el piano con tal (de) que cantéis.
  4. Lo creeré cuando lo vea.
  5. Te sentirás mejor después de que tomes esta medicina.
  6. Estudiaré en case de que haya un examen.
  7. Trabajaremos hasta que cierren la oficina.
  8. Secaré los platos mientras que los laves.
  9. Cocinaré para que podamos comer.
  10. Sin que sepa, me dio una buena idea.
  11. Ella te llamará tan pronto como yo llegué.
168
Q

Subjunctive: Indefinite antecedent
I have a secretary who is efficient VS I want a secretary who is efficient.
No personal a with someone who may not exist.
1. He wants a wife who earns a lot of money.
2. I don’t know anyone who knows how to tap-dance.
3. We’re looking for a house that has three bedrooms.
4. She wants a dog that doesn’t bark.
5. Is there anyone here who can play guitar?
6. Is there anyone in the world who knows how to express himself clearly?
7. I’m looking for a cat that doesn’t scratch the furniture.
8. There isn’t anyone here who can help you.
9. Where can I buy a shirt that isn’t polyester.
10. For his birthday this year he wants a parrot that speaks three languages.
11. I want to live in a city where there isn’t any crime.
12. I need the maid. I need a maid who cleans the windows.

A

Subjunctive: Indefinite antecedent
1.
2.
3. Buscamos una casa que tenga tres dormitorios.
4. Ella quiere un perro que no ladre.
5. ¿Hay alguien aquí que pueda tocar la guitarra?
6. ¿Hay alguien en el mundo que sepa expresarse claramente?
7. Busco un gato que no arañe los mueblos.
8. No hay nadie aquí que pueda ayudarte.
9. ¿Dónde puedo comprar una camisa que no sea de poliéster?
10. Para su cumpleaños este año él quiere un loro que hable tres idiomas.
11. Quiero vivir en una ciudad donde no haya crimen.
12. Necesito a la criada. Necesito una criada que limpie las ventanas.

169
Q 
Subjunctive: Perhaps and maybe
Acaso (more often in writing)
Quizá or quizás (interchangeable) - Quizá more common
Tal vez
1. Perhaps he won't answer you. (Quizá)
2. Maybe they won't go shopping. (acaso)
3. Maybe she's sick? (tal vez)
4. Perhaps we don't know her. (quizá)
5. Maybe you know him. (acaso)
A

Subjunctive: Perhaps and maybe

  1. Quizá él no te conteste.
  2. Acaso ellos no vayan de compras.
  3. ¿Tal vez ella esté enferma?
  4. Quizá no la conozcamos.
  5. Acaso lo conozcas.
170
Q

Subjunctive: aunque - even if

  1. We will go even if it rains (subj) VS We will go even though it’s raining (Indic).
  2. I’ll hire him, even if he doesn’t speak Spanish.
  3. Although we may not win, we’ll be happy.
A

Subjunctive: aunque - even if

  1. Iremos aungue llueva. VS Iremos aungque llueve.
  2. Lo contrataré aungue él no hable español.
  3. Aunque no ganemos, estaremos felices.
171
Q

Imperfect subjunctive:
Present: Espero que Ricardo tenga el libro.
Imperfect: Esperaba que Ricardo tuviera el libro.

Base = third person preterite minus the -ron: Hablaron = habla-; comieron = comie-; tuvieron = tuvie-; fueron = fue-; hicieron = hicie-, etc.
Endings: -ra, -ras, -ra, -ramos, -rais, -ran (there is also an -se form)

A

Imperfect subjunctive:

172
Q

Imperfect subjunctive - main clause in the past:
1. She wanted me to speak in Spanish.
2. I hoped that there wasn’t an accident.
3. We ate before they arrived.
Imperfect subjunctive - main clause in the present, subordinate clause in the past:
1. She hopes that I didn’t spend all the money.
2. It’s absured that you had to pay.
3. I’m happy that he studied.

A

Imperfect subjunctive - main clause in the past:
1. Ella quería que yo hablara en español.
2. Yo esperaba que no hubiera un accidente.
3. Comimos antes de que ellos llegaran.
Imperfect subjunctive - main clause in the present, subordinate clause in the past:
1. Ella espera que yo no gastara todo el dinero.
2. Es absurdo que ellos tuvieran que pagar.
3. Estoy contento de que él estudiara.

173
Q

Imperfect subjunctive - hypothetical if clauses:
1. If it weren’t so cold I’d ride my bicycle to work.
2. If I had a hammer, I’d hammer in the morning.
Often with a main conditional clause:
3. You would get good grades if you studied.
4. I wouldn’t go if I were you.
5. Would you stay if there were a fire?
- Eliciting true (non-hypothetical info remains in the indicative:
6. Not subjunctive: I asked John if he knew the answer. (Verifiable and question not in conditional.)
- If clauses in present don’t take the subjunctive:
7. Not subjunctive: If John has the money, he will pay you.

A

Imperfect subjunctive - hypothetical if clauses:
1. Si no hiciera tanto frío, iría en bicicleta al trabajo.
2. Si you tuviera un martillo, yo martillaría en la mañana.
3. Reciberías buenas notas si estudiaras.
4. Yo no iría si fuera tú.
5. ¿Te quedarías si hubiera un incendio?
6. Not subjunctive: Pregunté a John si él sabia el repuesto.
7/ Not subjunctive: Si John tiene el dinero, te pagará.

174
Q

Imperfect subjunctive - as if and as though clauses:

  1. You look as if you were guilty.
  2. We acted as if we were sick.
  3. He put on his hat as though he were the king.
  4. They were talking as if they knew everything.
A

Imperfect subjunctive - as if and as though clauses:

  1. Tú ves como si fueras culpable.
  2. Actuábamos como si estuviéramos enfermos.
  3. Él se puso el sombrero como si fuera el rey.
  4. Hablaban como si supieran todo.
175
Q 
Imperfect subjunctive - querer and poder:
1. I would like a cup of coffee.
2. Would you like to read my diary?
3. Could you wash the windows?
4. Would you sit down please?
Querer as in to wish: 
- double subject is followed with infinitive:
5. I wish I had a million dollars. 
6. We wish we knew more people. 
Different subjects take a que:
7.  I wish that you were here.
8. We wish that he would call us.
9. You wish that it wouldn't rain.
10. They wish that I had a car.
A

Imperfect subjunctive - querer and poder:
1. Yo quisiera una taza de café.
2. ¿Quisieras leer mi diario?
3. ¿Si pudieras, limpiarías las ventanas?
4. ¿Si pudieras, te sentarías, por favor?
Querer as in to wish:
5. Yo quisiera tener un millón de dólares.
6. Quisiéramos conocer a más personas.
7. Yo quisiera que estuvieras aquí.
8. Quisiéramos que él nos llamara.
9. Quisieras que no lloviera.
10. Ellos quisieran que yo tuviera un coche.

176
Q

Future perfect:
Future of haber + past participle -
1. I will have the house painted by Saturday.
2. We’ll have read the book by Thursday.
3. When will you have this done?
4. He won’t have seen it by then.
5. They’ll have sold their car by tomorrow.

A

Future perfect:

  1. Habré pintado la case para el sábado.
  2. Habremos leído el libro para el jueves.
  3. ¿Cuáno habrás hecho esto?
  4. Él no lo habrá visto para entonces.
  5. Habrán vendido su coche para mañana.
177
Q 
Future perfect - expressing probability:
He has done it. VS He must have done it.
1. I'm sorry. I must have fallen asleep.
2. We must have gotten lost.
3. You must have been here.
4. Who could have written such a thing?
5. Where could they have gone?
A 
Future perfect - expressing probability:
Él lo ha hecho. VS Él lo habrá hecho.
1. Lo siento. Me habré dormido.
2. Nos habremos perdidos.
3. Habrás estado aquí.
4. ¿Quién habrá escrito tal cosa?
5. ¿Adóne habrán ido?
178
Q

Conditional perfect:
Conditional of haber + past participle
(habría, habrías, habría, habríamos, habríais, habrían + past participle)
Followed by indicative -
1. He would have worked, but he was tired.
2. I would have eaten, but I wasn’t hungry.
3. Sherlock Holmes would have known who stole the diamonds, but you didn’t hire him.
4. We would have invited the Joneses, but the last time they came to our house they got sick.
5. They wouldn’t have done anything in this situation because they are weak and lazy people.

A

Conditional perfect:

  1. Él habría trabajado, pero estaba cansado.
  2. Yo habría comido, pero no tenía hambre.
  3. Sherlock Holmes habría sabido quien robó los diamentes, pero no lo contrató.
  4. Habríamos invitado a los Jones, pero la ultima vez que vinieron a nuestra casa, se enfermaron.
  5. Ellos no habrían hecho nada en esta situación porque son personas débiles y flojas.
179
Q

Conditional perfect:
Followed by a subjunctive phrase -
1. Would you have told me the answer if you knew it?
2. We would have given you a bigger piece of cake if you weren’t on a diet.
3. He would have hired me if I spoke Spanish.
4. If I thought for a moment I would like the book, I’d have read it.
Conjectur or probability (remote past or clock time/date) -
5. I supposed (understood in Spanish) he’d seen it.
6. Where do you think (understood in Spanish) they’d gone?
7. It must have been one o’clock when he arrived.
8. It must have been February when Fido was born.

A

Conditional perfect:
Followed by subj.
1. ¿Me habrías dicho la repuesta si la supieras?
2. Te habríamos dado un pedazo de torta más grande, si no estuvieras a dieta.
3. Él me habría contratado, si yo hablara español.
4. Si yo pensara por un momento que me gustaría el libro, lo habría leído.
Conjecture, probability, time -
5. Él lo habría visto.
6. ¿Adónde habrían ido?
7. Habría sido la una cuando él llegó.
8. Habría sido februar cuando nació Fido.

180
Q

Present perfect subjunctive:
Present subjunctive of haber + past participle -
1. I know that John has eaten VS I hope that John has eaten.
With main clause in the present -
2. It’s possible that I’ve read it.
3. It’s unlikely that we’ve met before.
4. We doubt that he has been here.

A

Present perfect subjunctive:

  1. Yo sé que Juan he comido VS Yo espero que Juan haya comido
  2. Es posible que yo lo haya leído.
  3. Es improbable que nos hayamos conocido antes.
  4. Dudamos que él haya estado aquí.
181
Q

Present perfect subjunctive:
With main clause in the future -
5. Will you stay after I’ve gone?
6. It will be great that we’ve read so much.
7. They will play after they’ve worked.
8. We will speak when John has finished.
9. What will you do when you’ve finished this?

A

Present perfect subjunctive:

  1. ¿Te quederás después de que me haya ido?
  2. Será estupendo que hayamos leído tanto.
  3. Jugarán después que hayan trabajado.
  4. Hablaremos cuando John haya terminado.
  5. ¿Qué harás cuando hayas terminado esto?
182
Q

Pluperfect subjunctive:
Had + past participle
Pluperfect indicative: I knew that Mary had spoken. VS
pluperfect subjuctive: I hoped that Mary had spoken.
Hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubiéramos, hubierais, hubieran + past participle
Main clause in the past:
1. Was it possible that I had done such a thing?
2. He acted as if we’d met before.
3. I hoped that you’d eaten.
4. There wasn’t anybody who had listened.
5. It was terrible that they hadn’t paid the bill.

A

Pluperfect subjunctive:
Yo sabía que Mary había hablado…VS
Yo eseraba que Mary hubiera hablado.
Main clause in the past:
1. ¿Fue posible que yo hubiera hecho tal cosa?
2. Él actuaba como si nos hubiéramos conocidos antes.
3. Yo esperaba que hubieras comido.
4. No había nadie que hubiera escuchado.
5. Fue terrible que no hubieran pagado la cuenta.

183
Q

Pluperfect subjunctive following hypothetic if-clause:
6. I wouldn’t have asked you if I’d known the answer.
7. If you hadn’t lied to me, I wouldn’t have gotten mad at you.
8. If there had been more time, I would have passed the test.
9. What would you have done if they hadn’t found you?
Following querer:
10. I wish that I’d never met him.
11. I wish that you had had more time.
12. We wish that it had been warmer.
13. Do you wish that they hadn’t seen it?
14. He wishes that we had listened to him.

A

Pluperfect subjunctive following hypothetic if-clause:
6. Yo no te habría preguntado si hubiera sabido la repuesta.
7. Si no me hubieras mentido, no me habría enojado contigo.
8. Si hubiera más tiempo, yo habría aprobado el examen.
9. ¿Qué habrías hecho, si ellos no te hubieran encontrado?
Following querer:
10. Quisiera que nunca lo hubiera conocido.
11. Quisiera que hubieras tenido más tiempo.
12. Quisiéramos que hubiera hecho más calor.
13. ¿Quisieras que no lo hubieran visto?
14. Él quisiera que lo hubiéramos escuchado.

184
Q 
Passive voice:
3rd person singular or plural
se+conjugated verb+noun
1. The house is built.
2. The houses are built.
3. Spanish and French are spoken here.
4. They say that education is the key to success.
5. You need eggs to bake a cake.
6. You shouldn't swim after a big meal.
7.  The lights are turned off at 10pm.
8. You turn left on Elm Street.
9. The bills are paid every Friday.
A

Passive voice:

  1. Se construye la casa.
  2. Se construen las casas.
  3. Se hablan español y francés aquí.
  4. Se dice que la educación es la clave del éxito.
  5. Se necesitan huevos para cocer una torta.
  6. No se debe nadar después de una comida grande.
  7. Se apagan las luces a las diez de la noche.
  8. Se dobla a la izquierda en la calle Elm.
  9. Se pagan las cuentas cada viernes.
185
Q

Passive voice in the tenses:
Present - The house is built.
Preterite - This house was built in 1956.
Imperfect - When I was young, I couldn’t eat meat on Friday.
Future - This house will be finished next year.
Conditional - A person would die on Pluto.
Present perfect - They’ve written this book for cat lovers.
Past perfect - The house hadn’t been painted until 1945.

A

Passive voice in the tenses:
Present - Se contruye la casa.
Preterite - Se construyó esta casa en 1956.
Imperfect - Cuando yo era joven, no se podía comer carne los viernes.
Future - Se terminará esta casa en el año que viene.
Conditional - Se moriría en Plutón.
Present perfect - Se ha escrito este libro para los enamorados de los gatos.
Past perfect - No se había pintado la casa hasta 1945.

186
Q

Passive voice in the tenses:
Future perfect - The bridge will have been finished for a year in April.
Conditional perfect - The house would have been repainted, but we decided not to sell it.
Present subjunctive - I hope that they don’t serve hot dogs at the reception.
Imperfect subjunctive - It was ridiculous that you had to pay so much for cable TV.
Present perfect subjuctive - She hopes that they haven’t sold the dress she wants.
Pluperfect subjunctive - She hoped that they hadn’t sold the dress she wanted.

A

Passive voice in the tenses:
Future perfecdt - Se habrá terminado el puente hace un año en abril.
Conditional perfect - La casa habría repintado, pero decidimos no venderla.
Present subjunctive - Espero que no se sirvan perritos calientes en la recepción.
Imperfect subjunctive - Fue ridículo que se tuvieras que pagar tanto por televisión cable.
Present perfect subjunctive - Ella espera que no se haya vendido el vestido que quiere.
Pluperfect subjunctive - Ella esperaba que no se hubiera vendido el vestido que quería.

187
Q

Complete passive voice:

  1. The portrait is seen by everyone.
  2. The Mona Lisa was painted by da Vinci.
  3. The portraits will be seen by everyone.
  4. The paintings used to be seen by everyone.
  5. In the Bible, Goliath is killed by David.
A

Complete passive voice:

  1. El retrato es visto por todos.
  2. La Mona Lisa fue pintada por da Vinci.
  3. Los retratos serán vistos por todos.
  4. Las pinturas eran vistas por todos.
  5. En la Biblia, Goliath es matado por David.

Spanish verbs (1 decks)

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