Spanish grammer Flashcards

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1
Q

vowel plural endings

A
  • s

ex: el amigo - los amigos

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2
Q

consonant plural endings

A
  • es

ex: el programador - los programadores

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3
Q

y plural endings

A
  • es

ex: el rey - los reyes

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4
Q

z plural endings

A
  • ces

ex: la actriz - las actrices

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5
Q

accento plural endings

A

remove accent / add -es

ex: el capitán - los capitanes

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6
Q

adjectives ending in -or, -an, -on

A

end in -ora, -ana, -ona

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7
Q

adjectives of nationality

A

end in -a in feminine

ex: un doctor espanol - un doctora espanola

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8
Q

bueno, malo, primero, tercero before a noun

A

become buen, mal, tercer

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9
Q

grande before a singular noun

A

becomes gran

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10
Q

a + el

A

al

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11
Q

de + el

A

del

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12
Q

la before a feminine noun beginning with a stressed a or ha

A

becomes el

ex: el agua fria

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13
Q

particular uses of definite articles

A
  1. with titles (when not addresing directly)
    ex: el Sr. Martinez
  2. with parts of body and personal possessions (ex: Me lavo las manos)
  3. with dates (ex: Salimos el dos de septiembre)
  4. with times of day (ex: Son las nueve y media)
  5. with days of the week (ex: Me voy el martes proxima)
  6. with names of certain countries
  7. with names of languages (ex: El espanol es un idioma)
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14
Q

countries with definite articles

A
la Argentina
el Canada
el Ecuador
el Peru
los Estados Unidos
el Cuzco
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15
Q

definite articles

A

el / la

los / las

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16
Q

indefinite articles

A

un / una

una / unas

17
Q

Ommision of indefinite article

A
  1. with professions after ser and hacerse unless modified by an adjective (ex: Mi prima es abogada)
  2. after verbs like tener, llevar, poseer, and hay when quantity of one is not emphasized (ex: No tengo coche)
  3. after con and sin, when quantity not emphasized (ex: No salgas sin impermeable)
  4. with words like otro, tal, medio, que (ex: Necesito otro lapiz)
18
Q

Ser uses

A
  1. basic traits and relatively permanent characteristics

2. possession, time, and date

19
Q

Estar uses

A
  1. states and conditions

2. location

20
Q

se + verb

A

they, we, people, one
ex: Se prohibe fumar (Smoking is prohibited.)
Se serve comida (We serve food.)

21
Q

ir + a + infinitive

A

things that are going to happen

ex: Voy a usar la secadora (I am going to use the hairdryer)

22
Q

acabar + de + infinitive

A

things have just happened

ex: Acabamos de desayunarnos (We just had breakfast)

23
Q

verb + preposition + a

A

aprender a
comenzar a
empezar a
ensenar a

24
Q

verb + preposition + de

A

cesar de
dejar de
tratar de

25
Q

verb + preposition + en

A

consistir en
insistir en
vacilar en

26
Q

verb + preposition + con

A

soñar con

27
Q

reflexive verbs

A

yo - me
tu - te
él, ella, Ud. - se

28
Q

present progresive

A

ar - ando
er / ir - iendo
aer / eer / uir - yendo

29
Q

present construction

A

esta + present participle

ex: Elena esta arreglando su coche.