Spanish Grammar

Question 1

despite

Answer 1

a pesar de que (subj, one subject)

Question 2

as soon as (3)

Answer 2

en cuanto
así que
tan pronto (subj, one sub, as long as NOT habitual or past)

Question 3

just like (just like today)

Answer 3

así como hoy (ind)

Question 4

since (since you came late…)

Answer 4

ya que

ya que tu llegaste tarde…

Question 5

decir, pedir….subj?

Answer 5

yes!
le dicen a felipe que tenga cuidado
ella nos pide que traigamos el periódico

Question 6

when to use sino

Answer 6

it’s pero but with a contradiction after a negative!

el regalo no es para ti, sino para ella

Question 7

when to use present perfect sub vs present subjunctive

Answer 7

when you want to indicate the dependent clause happened before main clause

me alegro que uds salgan (i’m happy you guys are going out)
me alegro que uds hayan salido (i’m happy you guys went out)

Question 8

How do you form the imperfect subjunctive

Answer 8

third person plural of preterite, then -ra

hablara, comiera, etc

Question 9

when do you see imperfect sub in si clauses

Answer 9

for contrary to fact (with conditional) PRESENT

si fueras, iría tambien (if you were going i’d go too)

Question 10

when do you see past perfect sub in si clauses

Answer 10

for contrary to face in PAST

si hubieras ido, habría ido tambien

Question 11

when you always use imperfect (or pluperfect) set phrase

Answer 11

como si

Question 12

Before

I’ll have the results before it’s night

Answer 12

antes de que

yo sabré los resultados antes de que sea noche

Question 13

without

we’re hiding the present without her knowing where

Answer 13

sin que

nosotros escondemos el regalo sin que ella sepa dónde

Question 14

when do you use sub vs present perfect subjunctive for a menos que and con tal de que?

He’ll do his homework provided you’ve returned his book to him

Answer 14

if past: then PPS
if the dependent clause occurs at same time as main clause then subjunctive

hará su tarea con tal de que le hayas devuelto su libro

Question 15

7 clauses that may be subjunctive if there’s doubt

Answer 15

aunque
como
de manera que (so that)
de modo que (so that)
mientras
según

Question 16

7 clauses that are subjunctive if future AND not habitual AND not past

Answer 16

así que (therefore) 
cuando
después de que
en cuanto (as soon as) 
hasta que
luego que (as soon as)
tan pronto como (as soon as)

Question 17

Present Perfect (pretérito perfecto)

Answer 17

1. past action but may be continuing to present

2. recent past completed (el correo ha llegado) —think of it like acabar de

Question 18

Past perfect (el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) (think of it as plus que parfait)

Answer 18

había ___

1. past event that finished in past before other past events

Question 19

Future perfect (el futuro perfecto)

Answer 19

habré___

1. a future event that will happen before another future event (anteriority): habré salido cuando tu llegas
2. probability in the PAST (quién habrá tocado a la puerta?), lucy habrá bajado de peso pero no se nota (she may have lost weight but it’s not noticeable)

Question 20

Conditional perfect (el condicional perfecto)

Answer 20

habría____

1. PAST…..what could have happened in the past but didn’t (habríamos comprado los regalos pero estábamos ocupados
2. Si clause: contrary to fact in past with pluperfect subjunctive: si hubiera tenido un despertador habría llegado temprano al trabajo

Question 21

present perfect subjunctive (el pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo)

Answer 21

hubiera ___

1. past action before main clause
2. Si clause: contrary to fact past with conditional perfect
3. idioms

Question 22

If only I had won

Answer 22

Quién hubiera ganado

Question 23

Direct Object Pronouns

Answer 23

me, te, lo, la, nos, los, las

Question 24

Indirect Object Pronouns

Answer 24

me, te, le, nos, les

Question 25

Order of Double prepositions

Answer 25

Indirect, Direct

Question 26

When do we see se la, se los, etc

Answer 26

We turn IO le/les to se when followed by lo/los/la/las

Question 27

how does gustar work

Answer 27

indirect object……and gustar conjugated by the subject

-also we add “a elle, a él” at times to clarify what exactly le refers to: a ella le gustan los objetos de cristal

Question 28

what is QUE as a relative pronoun

when is QUIEN used

Answer 28

think of it as french qui: it’s subject of a clause
quien is just like que but has to be person
el autor, quien acaba de llegar de Francia…..

Question 29

when do we use el que, los que, la que, las que? how about el cual, los cuales, la cual, las cuales (3)

Answer 29

1. to spice up variety of que/quien
2. also to emphasize distance
   cervantes el el autor de Don Quijote, el cual escribió otras novelas.
3. after prepositions (la escuela en LA QUE ellos estudian….)

Question 30

when to use lo que, lo cual

Answer 30

refers to statement/concept/idea
“that which/whatever”
-avoid repeating the concept:
siempre llama después de las once, lo que nos irrita.

Question 31

when to use cuyo/a cuyos/a?

Answer 31

means whose

-esta es la señora cuya tienda robaron anoche

Question 32

short form possessive pronoun

long form possessive pronoun

Answer 32

mi, tu, su

mío, míos, tuyo/s, nuestro/s, suyo/s

Question 33

When do you use long form?

Answer 33

emphasize ownership and contrast possessor (este es mi cepillo de dientes y aquel es el cepillo tuyo)

Question 34

How can possessive pronouns express ownership?

Answer 34

attach a definite article to the long form:
el mío, el nuestro, el suyo, etc

“mine, yours, ours…”

su auto es más moderno que el mío

Question 35

comparisons equality adverbs

you speak as loud as i do

Answer 35

tan + adverb + como

tu hablas tan alto como yo

Question 36

comparisons inequality adverbs

these days we go out less frequently than before

Answer 36

menos/más + adverb + que

estos días salimos menos frecuentemente que antes

Question 37

what happens if we are comparing an adjective or another adverb?

Answer 37

use de lo que instead of que

es mas inteligente de lo que piensas

Question 38

Writing

Answer 38

la escritura

Question 39

How to say equal in adjectives

I am as short as my friend maria

Answer 39

tan+ adjective + como

yo soy tan bajo como Yo

Question 40

How to say I am more in adjectives

The plates are more delicious that the other

Answer 40

mas + adj + que

los platos son más ricos que los otros

Question 41

How to say less in adjectives

the history is less interesting than novels

Answer 41

menos + adj + que

las historias son menos interesantes que las novelas

Question 42

superlative

most: happiest days of my life
least: the least appreciated students

Answer 42

más + adj + de
los días más felices de mi vida
las alumnas menos apreciadeas de la clase