Spanish Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

Direct Object Pronouns

A

Replacing object into an “it” form

El, un - LO
La, una - LA
Los, unos - LOS
Las, unas - LAS

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2
Q

Direct Object Pronoun Examples

A

Yo tengo el lápiz
—- YO LO TENGO

Ellas tienen los marcadores
—- ELLAS LOS TIENEN

Yo necesito un cuaderno
—- YO LO NECESITO

Nosotros comemos las verduras
——NOSOTROS LAS COMEMOS

Los estudiantes estudian el español
——LOS ESTUDIANTES LO ESTUDIAN

Ellos beben el café
—-ELLOS LO BEBEN

Tú tienes una carpeta?
—-TÚ LA TIENES?

Carolina lleva un vestido
—-CAROLINA LO LLEVA

Yo miro la televisión
—-YO LA MIRO

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3
Q

Indirect Object Pronouns

A

Tells where the direct object is going. (To whom/ for whom?)

To me - ME

To you - TE

To him/her/it - LE

To us - NOS

To you/them - LES

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4
Q

Indirect Object Pronouns Examples

A

My mom gave me a gift
—Mi mama me dio un regalo

I lent you me book
—Te prestè mi libro

I told her the truth
—Le dije la verdad

They gave us the package
—Nos entregaron el paquete

I gave them the keys
—Les di las llaves

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5
Q

Prepositional Object Pronouns

A

Pronouns used after words like for, with, from, without, etc.

Me - Mí

You - Ti

You - Usted

Him - Èl

Her - Ella

It - Èl/ Ella

Us - Nos

You (plural) - Ustedes

Them (Masculine) - Ellos

Them (Feminine) - Ellas

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6
Q

Prepositional Object Pronouns Examples

A

Mí - Este regalo es para mí (This gift is for me)

Ti - Estoy pensando en ti (I’m thinking of you)

Usted - La reunión es importante para usted (The meeting is importante for you)

Él - Habló de él durante la conferencia (He talked about him during the conference)

Ella - Èl salió a cenar con ella (He went out for dinner with her)

Él/Ella - Amo este libro, no puedo vivir sin él (I love this book, I can’t live without it)

Nosotros - Llamaron a un Uber para nosotros porque era tarde (They called an Uber for us bc it was late)

Ustedes - Organizamos una fiesta sorpresa para ustedes (We organized a surprise party for you all)

Ellos - Yo fui a la playa sin ellos (I went to the beach without them)

Ellas - Vamos de compras con ellas (We’re going shopping with them)

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7
Q

Reflexive Pronouns

A

Words use to describe doing things to oneself.

Reflexive verbs always end in -se in the infinitive.

Vestirse - to dress oneself

Peinarse - to brush oneself

Ducharse - to shower oneself

Myself - Me

Yourself (Informal) - Te

Yourself (Formal) - Se

Himself/ Herself/ Itself - Se

Ourselves - Nos

Yourselves - Se

Themselves - Se

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8
Q

Reflexive Pronouns Examples

A

Yo me lavo.
I wash myself.

Tú te lavas.
You wash yourself.

Él se lava.
He washes himself.

Nosotras nos lavamos.
We wash ourselves.

Ellas se lavan.
They wash themselves.

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9
Q

Relative Pronouns

A

A relative pronoun in Spanish is a word that refers back to a noun that comes before it, which is called the antecedent.
Relative pronouns in Spanish are words used to introduce relative clauses, also known as dependent clauses, which are clauses that contain additional information about the main verb, but cannot stand alone as complete sentences. Relative clauses answer questions, like:
Which man?
What dog?
Which car?
Whose birthday?

Que - that, which, who

Quien - who, whom

El que - that, which, who

El cual - that, which, who

Lo que - what, which

Lo cual - what, which

Cuyo - whose

Cuando - when

Donde - where

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10
Q

Relative Pronoun Examples

A

La casa que compramos es muy grande. The house that we bought is very big

María, quien vive en esa casa, es muy amable. Maria, who lives in that house, is very kind.

El libro el que te di está en la mesa. The book that I have for you is on the table.

El proyecto, con el cual estamos trabajando, es muy importante. The project on which we’re working is very important

No entiendo lo que dices. I don’t understand what you’re saying.

Había una situación difícil, lo cual complicaba todo. There was a difficult situation, which complicated everything

El hombre, cuyo coche se averió, estaba preocupado. The man, whose car broke down, was worried.

El día cuando nos conocimos fue muy especial. The day when we met was very special.

Este es el lugar donde nos conocimos.

This is the place where we met.

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11
Q

Past Tense Conjugation

A

-ar verbs

Yo -é hablé
Tú -aste hablaste
Usted/Él/Ella -ó habló
Nosotros/as -amos hablamos
Vosotros/as -asteis hablasteis
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas -aron hablaron

-er / -ir verbs

Yo -í comí
viví
Tú -iste comiste
viviste
Usted/Él/Ella -ió comió
vivió
Nosotros/as -imos comimos
vivimos
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas -ieron comieron
vivieron

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12
Q

Past Tense Conjugation Examples

A

Anabel comió pizza anoche. (Anabel ate pizza last night.)
Vivieron 10 años en Buenos Aires. (They lived in Buenos Aires for 10 years.)
Ayer llamamosa nuestra abuela. (We called our grandma yesterday.)

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13
Q

Future Tense Conjugation

A

Yo -é hablaré
comeré
viviré

Tú -ás hablarás
comerás
vivirás

Usted/Él/Ella -á hablará
comerá
vivirá

Nosotros/as -emos hablaremos
comeremos
viviremos

Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas -án hablarán
comerán
vivirán

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14
Q

Future Tense Conjugation Examples

A

Mañana lloverá. (It’ll rain tomorrow.)

Serásmuy feliz aquí. (You’ll be very happy here.)

Iremosa dormir muy pronto. (We’ll go to sleep very soon.)

Voy a nadar hoy. (I’m going swimming today.)

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15
Q

Stem Changers

A

Stem-changing verbs have the same conjugations as regular verbs. Their irregularity is seen when their stem—the part that remains when you drop the -ar/-er/-ir ending— changes.

There are four main types of stem changes that can occur:
E → IE
O → UE
E → I
U → UE

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16
Q

Stem Changing Examples (e - ie)

A

Common Verbs with e > ie Changes

acertar to guess

atender to attend to

atravesar to cross

calentar to warm

cerrar to close

comenzar to begin

confesar to confess

helar to freeze

defender to defend

descender to descend

despertarse to wake up

divertirse to have fun

empezar to begin

encender to light/ignite

encerrar to enclose

entender to understand

fregar to scrub/wash

gobernar to govern

mentir to lie

negar to deny

nevar to snow

pensar to think

perder to lose

preferir to prefer

recomendar to recommend

remendar to mend/patch

sentar(se) to sit down

sentir to feel

sugerir to suggest

tener to have

tropezar to stumble

venir to come

17
Q

Stem Changing Examples (o - ue)

A

absolver to absolve

acordarse (de) to remember

almorzar to have lunch

aprobar to approve

cocer to boil/bake

colgar to hang (up)

conmover to move

contar to count

costar to cost

demoler to demolish

demostrar to demonstrate/prove

devolver to return

disolver to dissolve

doler to hurt

dormir to sleep

encontrar to find

envolver to wrap

llover to rain

morder to bite

moler to grind

morir to die

mostrar to show

mover to move

poder to be able to

probar to taste, to prove

promover to promote

recordar to remember

remover to remove

resolver to resolve

retorcer to twist

revolver to mix/shake

rogar to beg

soler to be accustomed to

sonar to sound

soñar to dream

torcer to twist

tronar to thunder

volar to fly

18
Q

Stem Changing Examples (e - i)

A

conseguir to get

corregir to correct

decir to say/tell

despedir to fire/to say goodbye

elegir to elect

impedir to impede

medir to measure

pedir to ask for

perseguir to follow

repetir to repeat

reírse to laugh

seguir to follow

servir to serve

sonreírse to smile

vestirse to get dressed

19
Q

Stem Changing Examples (i - ie)

A

adquirir (to acquire) and

inquirir (to inquire)

20
Q

Stem Changing Examples (u - ue)

A

Jugar to play