Spanish Grammar Flashcards
Direct Object Pronouns
Replacing object into an “it” form
El, un - LO
La, una - LA
Los, unos - LOS
Las, unas - LAS
Direct Object Pronoun Examples
Yo tengo el lápiz
—- YO LO TENGO
Ellas tienen los marcadores
—- ELLAS LOS TIENEN
Yo necesito un cuaderno
—- YO LO NECESITO
Nosotros comemos las verduras
——NOSOTROS LAS COMEMOS
Los estudiantes estudian el español
——LOS ESTUDIANTES LO ESTUDIAN
Ellos beben el café
—-ELLOS LO BEBEN
Tú tienes una carpeta?
—-TÚ LA TIENES?
Carolina lleva un vestido
—-CAROLINA LO LLEVA
Yo miro la televisión
—-YO LA MIRO
Indirect Object Pronouns
Tells where the direct object is going. (To whom/ for whom?)
To me - ME
To you - TE
To him/her/it - LE
To us - NOS
To you/them - LES
Indirect Object Pronouns Examples
My mom gave me a gift
—Mi mama me dio un regalo
I lent you me book
—Te prestè mi libro
I told her the truth
—Le dije la verdad
They gave us the package
—Nos entregaron el paquete
I gave them the keys
—Les di las llaves
Prepositional Object Pronouns
Pronouns used after words like for, with, from, without, etc.
Me - Mí
You - Ti
You - Usted
Him - Èl
Her - Ella
It - Èl/ Ella
Us - Nos
You (plural) - Ustedes
Them (Masculine) - Ellos
Them (Feminine) - Ellas
Prepositional Object Pronouns Examples
Mí - Este regalo es para mí (This gift is for me)
Ti - Estoy pensando en ti (I’m thinking of you)
Usted - La reunión es importante para usted (The meeting is importante for you)
Él - Habló de él durante la conferencia (He talked about him during the conference)
Ella - Èl salió a cenar con ella (He went out for dinner with her)
Él/Ella - Amo este libro, no puedo vivir sin él (I love this book, I can’t live without it)
Nosotros - Llamaron a un Uber para nosotros porque era tarde (They called an Uber for us bc it was late)
Ustedes - Organizamos una fiesta sorpresa para ustedes (We organized a surprise party for you all)
Ellos - Yo fui a la playa sin ellos (I went to the beach without them)
Ellas - Vamos de compras con ellas (We’re going shopping with them)
Reflexive Pronouns
Words use to describe doing things to oneself.
Reflexive verbs always end in -se in the infinitive.
Vestirse - to dress oneself
Peinarse - to brush oneself
Ducharse - to shower oneself
Myself - Me
Yourself (Informal) - Te
Yourself (Formal) - Se
Himself/ Herself/ Itself - Se
Ourselves - Nos
Yourselves - Se
Themselves - Se
Reflexive Pronouns Examples
Yo me lavo.
I wash myself.
Tú te lavas.
You wash yourself.
Él se lava.
He washes himself.
Nosotras nos lavamos.
We wash ourselves.
Ellas se lavan.
They wash themselves.
Relative Pronouns
A relative pronoun in Spanish is a word that refers back to a noun that comes before it, which is called the antecedent.
Relative pronouns in Spanish are words used to introduce relative clauses, also known as dependent clauses, which are clauses that contain additional information about the main verb, but cannot stand alone as complete sentences. Relative clauses answer questions, like:
Which man?
What dog?
Which car?
Whose birthday?
Que - that, which, who
Quien - who, whom
El que - that, which, who
El cual - that, which, who
Lo que - what, which
Lo cual - what, which
Cuyo - whose
Cuando - when
Donde - where
Relative Pronoun Examples
La casa que compramos es muy grande. The house that we bought is very big
María, quien vive en esa casa, es muy amable. Maria, who lives in that house, is very kind.
El libro el que te di está en la mesa. The book that I have for you is on the table.
El proyecto, con el cual estamos trabajando, es muy importante. The project on which we’re working is very important
No entiendo lo que dices. I don’t understand what you’re saying.
Había una situación difícil, lo cual complicaba todo. There was a difficult situation, which complicated everything
El hombre, cuyo coche se averió, estaba preocupado. The man, whose car broke down, was worried.
El día cuando nos conocimos fue muy especial. The day when we met was very special.
Este es el lugar donde nos conocimos.
This is the place where we met.
Past Tense Conjugation
-ar verbs
Yo -é hablé
Tú -aste hablaste
Usted/Él/Ella -ó habló
Nosotros/as -amos hablamos
Vosotros/as -asteis hablasteis
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas -aron hablaron
-er / -ir verbs
Yo -í comí
viví
Tú -iste comiste
viviste
Usted/Él/Ella -ió comió
vivió
Nosotros/as -imos comimos
vivimos
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas -ieron comieron
vivieron
Past Tense Conjugation Examples
Anabel comió pizza anoche. (Anabel ate pizza last night.)
Vivieron 10 años en Buenos Aires. (They lived in Buenos Aires for 10 years.)
Ayer llamamosa nuestra abuela. (We called our grandma yesterday.)
Future Tense Conjugation
Yo -é hablaré
comeré
viviré
Tú -ás hablarás
comerás
vivirás
Usted/Él/Ella -á hablará
comerá
vivirá
Nosotros/as -emos hablaremos
comeremos
viviremos
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas -án hablarán
comerán
vivirán
Future Tense Conjugation Examples
Mañana lloverá. (It’ll rain tomorrow.)
Serásmuy feliz aquí. (You’ll be very happy here.)
Iremosa dormir muy pronto. (We’ll go to sleep very soon.)
Voy a nadar hoy. (I’m going swimming today.)
Stem Changers
Stem-changing verbs have the same conjugations as regular verbs. Their irregularity is seen when their stem—the part that remains when you drop the -ar/-er/-ir ending— changes.
There are four main types of stem changes that can occur:
E → IE
O → UE
E → I
U → UE
Stem Changing Examples (e - ie)
Common Verbs with e > ie Changes
acertar to guess
atender to attend to
atravesar to cross
calentar to warm
cerrar to close
comenzar to begin
confesar to confess
helar to freeze
defender to defend
descender to descend
despertarse to wake up
divertirse to have fun
empezar to begin
encender to light/ignite
encerrar to enclose
entender to understand
fregar to scrub/wash
gobernar to govern
mentir to lie
negar to deny
nevar to snow
pensar to think
perder to lose
preferir to prefer
recomendar to recommend
remendar to mend/patch
sentar(se) to sit down
sentir to feel
sugerir to suggest
tener to have
tropezar to stumble
venir to come
Stem Changing Examples (o - ue)
absolver to absolve
acordarse (de) to remember
almorzar to have lunch
aprobar to approve
cocer to boil/bake
colgar to hang (up)
conmover to move
contar to count
costar to cost
demoler to demolish
demostrar to demonstrate/prove
devolver to return
disolver to dissolve
doler to hurt
dormir to sleep
encontrar to find
envolver to wrap
llover to rain
morder to bite
moler to grind
morir to die
mostrar to show
mover to move
poder to be able to
probar to taste, to prove
promover to promote
recordar to remember
remover to remove
resolver to resolve
retorcer to twist
revolver to mix/shake
rogar to beg
soler to be accustomed to
sonar to sound
soñar to dream
torcer to twist
tronar to thunder
volar to fly
Stem Changing Examples (e - i)
conseguir to get
corregir to correct
decir to say/tell
despedir to fire/to say goodbye
elegir to elect
impedir to impede
medir to measure
pedir to ask for
perseguir to follow
repetir to repeat
reírse to laugh
seguir to follow
servir to serve
sonreírse to smile
vestirse to get dressed
Stem Changing Examples (i - ie)
adquirir (to acquire) and
inquirir (to inquire)
Stem Changing Examples (u - ue)
Jugar to play
