Spanish Cset 1 Flashcards
The branch of linguistics that deals with systems of sound
Phonolgy
The smallest unit of sound; may cause change in meaning but does not have meaning on its own. “Bake” v. “Brake”
/r/
Phonemes
The study of the form of words
Morphology
The smallest meaningful unit of language; A series of phenomes with special meanings;
Morpheme
Can appear on its own i.e. “eat” “water”
Free morpheme
Must be attached to something else in order to make sense prefixes, suffixes, or other affixes i.e. s in “cats” r in “redo”, able in “inbreakable”
Bound morpheme
A suffix that is added to a word to assign a grammatical function; never changes the grammatical category i.e. old/older (adj)
Inflection (affixes in morphology)
An affix that is added to a word to create a new word or form a word; modern/modernise nation/national
derivational
(Morpheme)
The vocabulary of a language
Lexicon
A set of words that would be included under one entry in the dictionary.
Lexemes
A set of rules for constructing full sentences out of word phrases; word order changes meaning.
Syntax
The literal meaning of words, sentences and phrases
Semantics
The study of the use of languages, deals with intentions behind utterances.
Pragmatics
The amount a native speaker uses a particular grammatical or syntactical process especially in word formation; a rule that works for more than 2 words; the limitless ability to use language to say new things. When we make new words we apply more productive rules,
Productive rule of language
A linguistic theory which argues that the ability to learn language is innate, distinctly human and distinct from other aspects of human cognition; that language is hard wired into the brain. Noam Chomsky
Universal grammar
A set of rules on language based on how it is actually used; there is no right or wrong language; “he goes” is the same as “he said” represents the unconscious knowledge of language.
Descriptive grammar
The structure of languages as it should be used; grammatically correct
Prescriptive grammar
Refers to the different levels of that information goes through in language production.
Surface v. Deep structure
The information that exists in the mind of speaker as more or less an abstract representation
Deep Structure
(Language)
Expressing information linguistically by producing sentences/utterances
Surface Structure
(Language)
Must be learned to get from deep structure to surface structure language
Linguistic rules
A process starting early in life, infants start without language yet by the 10 months they can distinguish speech sounds and engage in babbling
Language development
Understanding what is said to you; comprehension
Receptive (in language dev)
The ability to put together vocabulary to put together sentences to express yourself
Expressive (Language Dev)