Spanish Civil War

Question 1

Causes of War Events

Answer 1

1923-30 - Dictatorship under PdR
1930 - PdR resigns, 2nd Rep under Berenguer, Pact of San Sebastian
1931-33 - Left Rep under Azana, CEDA est
1934 - Right Republic, reverse Azana reforms
1936 - Popular Front under Azana
- July 13, Jose Calvo Costello assassinated

Question 2

Causes of War - Significance

Answer 2

• Everyone Plates Rat Prepared Ratatouille
• Lets Not Attack Spanish Cities
• 1k killed in Barcellona strikes 1918-21
• Economy prospered due to ww1 neutrality, failed to capitalize
• PdR brought stability with arbitration, investments but overvalued peseta and had a hostile army
• Azana reforms for a “democratic republic of all classes”, 7k schools, 40% of officers retire on full pay, only 7k benefit from land reforms
• “no one except a tiny minority … on the lunatic fringe … believed that Spain’s problems could be solved only by war.”- Preston

Question 3

Practices of War - Events

Answer 3

1936 - July - Airlift
- Oct - Nat have N., Rep have Madrid and Barcelona
1937 - April - Guernica
- May - May Days
- June - Brunette, Bilbao
- Dec - tervel
1938 - Franco focuses North, Stalin ends support
1939 - Jan - GB, Fr recognize Franco
- Feb - Ebro
- March - Franco takes Madrid
-April - ends

Question 4

Practices - Significance

Answer 4

Casualties:
- Madrid - 45k ; Tervel - 100k ; Ebro - 70k ; Guernica - 6k
- May days “war within a war”
- “Calvo Sotello’s death persuaded dithering officers to participate in the plans for a coup.” - Salvado
- “became enmeshed in the international civil war which started in earnest with Bolshevik Revolution” - Beevor
- “it was in Spain that [my generation] learned that one can be right and yet be beaten”-Camus

Question 5

Effects of War - Events

Answer 5

• Catalons fled to france - camps
• Economy prospered after, 15% of wealth destroyed
• 1975 - Franco dies, succeeded by Juan Carlos - democrat
• women for the nats were “unnatural” and brutalized
• Re had milicianas of 30k, reversed soon “men to the front, women to the home front”
• Cold war shows Franco as ati-communist, allys with USA, able to join un in 1953
  1961 - law to establish equal rights

Question 6

Effects of war - significance

Answer 6

• “The feminist revolution of the 2nd republic was reversed with extreme savagery … women were punished … both public and private.” - Preston
• 100k rep, 70k nats killed 100k killed in white terror
• “they could return to spain … immigrate elsewhere … or enlist in the French military.” - Dreyfus-Armand on french camps
• 75k clergy executed by right, 55k by the left
• “from 1939 , Spain was governed as if occupied by a victorious foreign army.” - Preston

Question 7

Foreign intervention

Answer 7

Germany :
- Airlift 24k
- 12k soldier + panzers
- Hitler tests luftwaffe and Blitzkreig
Italy:
- 50k volunteers, 700 aircraft
- wants to destroy communism, threaten GB in Mediterranean and have an ally next to France
USSR:
- 700 advisors, organizes international brigades of 35k
Portugal:
- against communism, sends 20k and supplies along border
NIC:
- Signed in 1936 by 27 states including GB and FR