SPAIN Flashcards
Describe the climate in North and North - west coast
Moderate -Maritime climate dominated by the Atlantic weather system Rainfall, with its associated risks Fungal disease is low low density, bush-trained vineyards
Describe the climate in The east coast from Catalunya nort to further south Levante
warm Mediterranean Climate
influenced by the sea or high altitude
Describe the climate The Meseta Central (large plateau in the centre of spain)
Hot continental climate
No influence of the sea, but encircling mountains
Winter: temp fall below freezing
Summer: temp very high low rain fall
Summer night- modarated by cool night by altitudes sides
Name the Spanish wines laws
Denominacion de Origen (DO) Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOCa) Vinos de Pago (VP) VINO PGI Wines
(DO) stands for?
Denominacion de Origen
(DOCa) stands for?
Denominacion de Origen Calificada
(VP) stands for?
Vinos de Pago
PGI Wines stands for?
Indicación Geográfica Protegida ,Traditionally Vino de la Tierra (VdlT)
Explain Denominacion de Origen
minimum quality,specification covering grape varieties
Viticulture and location
Explain Denominacion de Origen Calificada
DO’s of at least 10 years standing
ONLY 2 DOCa ( Priorat, Rioja)
Priorat use cataln terminology - Denominacio d’Origen Qualificada
Explain Vinos de Pago
Single estateds , own grapes, vinified and matured on their estate
Explain VINO if labeled on the bottle
the wines that are not catagorized
Name the aging labeling in Spain
Joven
Crianza
Reserva
Gran Reserva
Explain Joven
Generally speaking this is a wine from the current vintage and is to be consumed within a year to 18 months from being made. This is generally the same the world over for young wines
Explain Crianza
Crianza means aging
red 24 months aged-6 barrel/ rose white- 18 months aged - 6 barrel
Explain Reserva
red 36 months aged- 12 barrel/ w 24 months aged - 6 barrel
Explain Gran Reserva
Only exceptional vintages and white and rod rose wines are very rare
60 months aged 18 in barrel/ 48 months aged -6 barrel
describe Tempranillo
black Thick skinned
hot climate- lack in acidity needs moderate climate blackberry dried fig/ leather cherries
semi carbonic- strawberry joven
Tempranillo is typically blended with which grapes in Rioja?
Mazuelo (carignan)
Graciano
Rioja is devided in 3 sub regions, which one are they?
Rioja Alavesa (west of Logrono) north bank of the Ebro foothills of cantabrian mountains Rioja Alta (west) south of Ebro Rioja Baja (east of Logrono) south bank
which sub region of rioja creates the lightes tempranillo
Rioja Alavesa
which international varieties can you find in spain, and where in particular?
CS, merlot, Sauvignon blanc and Chardonnay especially in the north -east, also used as blends with the local grapes
What grapes are planted in Navarra?
tempranillo most widley plant
or blended with rioja or CS
merlot.
What is the climate of Navarro
Moderate Maritime climate
Where is Navarro located
Northern and eastern border
of Rioja into foothills Pyrenees
What kind of quality wines can you find in Navarra
Good quality Joven to
Gran reservas
Describe the climate which influences Navarro
simular weather as Rioja more cold
and wetter near pyrenees
What grape variety is used for Rose
and explain the sugar and acidity level
Garnacha used for rose and picked early
acidity is more higher then sugar low
Which white variety can you find in Navarra
small production of white Viura, CH, Sb
What is synoniem for Macabeo
Viura
Describe Viura
it is a white grape, with deep golden colour and nutty flavour. low acidity, medium alcohol
Often used for still wine production. It can be made unoaked style with subtle herb and spice aromas. traditionally it was made for heavily oaked Riojas
Which 2 regions are located south of the Ebro
Carinena and Calatayud
Describe the climate of Carinena and Calatayud
Warm continental Climate, with low rainfall
What kind of wines are made in Carinena and Calatayud
Inexpensive are made in fruity, early drinking style.
higher -quality tend to be made from old vine garnach and carinena adn display greater flavour intesity and structure.
Where is Catalunya located
North east of Spain, wine vineyards are south of barcelona
hills on the west, and has a coastal plain
Catalunya is known for what kind of wines
Cava and still wines that covers the entire region
Which Vineyards regions are located in Catalunya
Penedes , Priorat
Describe the climate of Penedes
Coastal plain Mediterranean
inland in the valleys slightly cooler
800+ sea level Moderate climate
Where is Penedes located
South west of Barcalona
Mediterranean coast up to the hills
What kind of varieties can you find in Penedes
wide variety, moste white for cava
International grapes: CH, Sb,gewurztraminer
merlot, CS, Tempranillo(Ull de Llebre), PN
Where is Priorat located
in the hills inland from the city of
Tarragona
Describe the climate of Priorat
Summers are long,hot,dry
annual rainfall is low
Cool night time
soil llicorella
What kind of soil does Priorat have
Soil llicorella
Explain what kind of effect the soil llicorella has on the grape growing in Priorat
(red slate with asmal particles of mica (clay and volcanic ash) slow grow of grapes hold little water/ roots can be 10 m/ less grapes mica holds sun light- more sugar
Are grapes in priorat harvest by hand or machinery
handpicked, priorat is located in the hills. its
What kind of grape varieties grows in Priorat
Ideal Carinena and Garnacha vines( late ripening)
International grapes: CS
white and rose nearly found
Describe a tipically Priorat (red) wine
Deeply coloured, high taninins , medium to high alcohol
black fruits, toasty aromas
Name the sub regions of Catalunya
Priorat and Penedes
Which sub regions are located in the Douro valley
Toro
Rueda
Ribera del Duero
Where is the Douro valley located
starts in the mountains south of rioja
flows in Spain into Portugal
Where is Ribera del Duero located
its located in the douro valley
highest part of Meseta central
some vineyard 850+ meters
What kind of oak does Ribera del Duero prefer to use for the wines
New French Oak
Describe the climate of Ribera del Duero
short hot and dry summers . cold winters cool night temperatures througout year- fresh fruit retain acidity cut off from Maritime influences ring of mountains
Where can you find Viura
In the region Rioja
What kind of varieties can you find in Ribera del Duero and which grape is the dominant grape
Red and rose wine only
tempranillo dominant
Garnacha for dry rose
CS, Malbec, Merlot rarely used
Describe the climate of Toro
Similar climate to neighbour Ribera
what is the dominant grape of Toro
Tempranillo
what does Toro do to protect the vines of too much sun exposure and drought
low - yielding bush vines
Which grape is mainly blended into the joven wines of Toro
Garnacha
Does toro has small or large quantities of rose and white wines?
small
Describe the Reservas and Gran reservas of Toro
Can be exceptionally deeply coloured and be tannic,
when young it can age well
What kind of climate does Rueda has?
Continental climate
What is Rueda’s traditional grape variety?
Verdejo, Sb is the other important varietal
How many percentage of Verdejo do they have to blend with Verdejo
at least 50%
Explain the white styles of Rueda
It range from simple and fruity to richer, barrel-fermented versions
Can both SB and Verdejo be labeled as a single variety in Rueda
yes
Which region or sub region has the highest classification in Spain?
Rioja and Priorat DOCGa
Where is Rias Baixas located
situated on the Atlantic coast
Are the wines from Rias Baixas oaked or unoaked
Unoaked since they want to enhance the fruity flavours
what kind of climate does Rias Baiax has
A moderate damp climate
What is a common problem in the Rias Baixas
Rot and mildew
How are the vineyard trained in the Rias Baixas
The vines are trained on pergolas to encourage the air circulation
Explain a typical wine variety in the Rias Baixas
Albarino is made in a refreshing unoaked style to take advantage of the high acidity and ripe stone fruit flavours
Are they using oak and lees stirring in the Rias Baixas
yes, some richer styles
is red wine permitted in the Rias Baixas?
yes, it is.
Where is Bierzo located
lies in the mountains
marks boundary between Galicia and
meseta central
Are the styles of Bierzo unoaked or oaked
some unoaked, many new oak
Describe the climate of Bierzo
Moderate
cooling maritime influence
steepy slopes
What is the main variety in Bierzo
Mencia main variety, elegant red wines
naturally high acidy and red fruits
where is The Levante located
region o n the mediterranean coast south of Catalunya
Name the sub regions of The Levante
Valencia, Jumilla Yecla
Which grape are dominated in Valencia, Jumilla and Yecla
Monastrell
Describe the majority of wines of Jumilla and Yecla
youthfull and fruity in style
What is the dominant white grape variety in Valencia
Merseguera
Which grapes makes a sweet fortified wine in Valencia
Muscat of Alexandria( to produce Moscatel de Valencia)
Name the sub regions of Castilla-La Mancha
La Mancha, Valdepenas
Where does half of the wine production comes from, from which region
Castilla - La Mancha
Which region or sub region has the largest DO
La Mancha
what is the most widely planted grape variety in La Mancha
Airen
what are the charasterics of Airen
Neutral fresh white wines
What is synoniem for Tempranillo
Cencibel
what are the internation grape varieties in La mancha
CS, merlot , syrah and even CH and SB
which sub region is known for the Vinos de Pago
La Mancha
Where is Valdepenas located
south to La Mancha
Where is Valedepenas known for
Reputation for quality
what are the dominant grape varieties in Valdepenas
Airen, Tempranillo(cencibel)
what is the most widely planted grape variety in Spain
Airen
able to cope with extreme heat and drought conditions
describe tempranillo
premier black grape,thick skinned grapewith medium levels of acidity needs high diurnal temperature range otherwise cause lack of acidity
often using semi carbonic
joven-strawberry flavour
how are the most reds wine made in spain
wide range of styles
inexpensive without oak an semi carbonic
best wines always oak, proportion of new oak
what is the spanish name for Garnacha
Garnacha tinta
Tempranillo can be blended with which grapes
Garnacha ,Graciano an Carinena/Mazuelo or international varieties suchs as CS
What does garnacha do with the wine
it gives wine high alcohol and the tendency to mature earlyl widely used for rosados. important grape in priorat.
Describe monastrell
thick skinned grape , drought tolerant, but needs hot sunny conditions to ripen. Dos suchs as Yecla and Jumilla. deeply coloured fully bodied wines , high levels of tannin and alcohol. medium acidity , ripe black berry
Describe Graciano
challenging to grow. mainly in rioja for blending
to add concentrated black fruit aromas acidity and tannins .
how is Carignan called in Spain and how is it called in Rioja
Carinena and Mazuelo in Rioja
Describe Carinena and Mazuelo
same grape, different name. Mazuelo in rioja. gives wine that has high levels of acidity, tannin and colour.blend with tempranillo. grown in priorat where it is blended with bgarnacha to enhance tannic structure .
Which local variety gives wines fresh fruit, medium to high acidity and sometimes a hint of herbaceousness?
Mencia
Which white grape is highly susceptible to oxidation and was used to make sherry. Is light bodied, high - acid, with melon and peach flavour. Often blended. Fuller wines, when undergone skin contact and barrel fermentation.
Verdejo
Describe Albarino
grown north west, thick skinned able to resist fungal disease. high in acidity and produces citrus and stone fruit flavours. Can also have fuller bodied wine.
