SPAIN Flashcards
1
Q
Describe the climate in North and North - west coast
A
Moderate -Maritime climate dominated by the Atlantic weather system Rainfall, with its associated risks Fungal disease is low low density, bush-trained vineyards
2
Q
Describe the climate in The east coast from Catalunya nort to further south Levante
A
warm Mediterranean Climate
influenced by the sea or high altitude
3
Q
Describe the climate The Meseta Central (large plateau in the centre of spain)
A
Hot continental climate
No influence of the sea, but encircling mountains
Winter: temp fall below freezing
Summer: temp very high low rain fall
Summer night- modarated by cool night by altitudes sides
4
Q
Name the Spanish wines laws
A
Denominacion de Origen (DO) Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOCa) Vinos de Pago (VP) VINO PGI Wines
5
Q
(DO) stands for?
A
Denominacion de Origen
6
Q
(DOCa) stands for?
A
Denominacion de Origen Calificada
7
Q
(VP) stands for?
A
Vinos de Pago
8
Q
PGI Wines stands for?
A
Indicación Geográfica Protegida ,Traditionally Vino de la Tierra (VdlT)
9
Q
Explain Denominacion de Origen
A
minimum quality,specification covering grape varieties
Viticulture and location
10
Q
Explain Denominacion de Origen Calificada
A
DO’s of at least 10 years standing
ONLY 2 DOCa ( Priorat, Rioja)
Priorat use cataln terminology - Denominacio d’Origen Qualificada
11
Q
Explain Vinos de Pago
A
Single estateds , own grapes, vinified and matured on their estate
12
Q
Explain VINO if labeled on the bottle
A
the wines that are not catagorized
13
Q
Name the aging labeling in Spain
A
Joven
Crianza
Reserva
Gran Reserva
14
Q
Explain Joven
A
Generally speaking this is a wine from the current vintage and is to be consumed within a year to 18 months from being made. This is generally the same the world over for young wines
15
Q
Explain Crianza
A
Crianza means aging
red 24 months aged-6 barrel/ rose white- 18 months aged - 6 barrel
16
Q
Explain Reserva
A
red 36 months aged- 12 barrel/ w 24 months aged - 6 barrel
17
Q
Explain Gran Reserva
A
Only exceptional vintages and white and rod rose wines are very rare
60 months aged 18 in barrel/ 48 months aged -6 barrel
18
Q
describe Tempranillo
A
black Thick skinned
hot climate- lack in acidity needs moderate climate blackberry dried fig/ leather cherries
semi carbonic- strawberry joven
19
Q
Tempranillo is typically blended with which grapes in Rioja?
A
Mazuelo (carignan)
Graciano
20
Q
Rioja is devided in 3 sub regions, which one are they?
A
Rioja Alavesa (west of Logrono) north bank of the Ebro foothills of cantabrian mountains Rioja Alta (west) south of Ebro Rioja Baja (east of Logrono) south bank
21
Q
which sub region of rioja creates the lightes tempranillo
A
Rioja Alavesa
22
Q
which international varieties can you find in spain, and where in particular?
A
CS, merlot, Sauvignon blanc and Chardonnay especially in the north -east, also used as blends with the local grapes
23
Q
What grapes are planted in Navarra?
A
tempranillo most widley plant
or blended with rioja or CS
merlot.
24
Q
What is the climate of Navarro
A
Moderate Maritime climate
25
Where is Navarro located
Northern and eastern border
| of Rioja into foothills Pyrenees
26
What kind of quality wines can you find in Navarra
Good quality Joven to
| Gran reservas
27
Describe the climate which influences Navarro
simular weather as Rioja more cold
| and wetter near pyrenees
28
What grape variety is used for Rose
| and explain the sugar and acidity level
Garnacha used for rose and picked early
| acidity is more higher then sugar low
29
Which white variety can you find in Navarra
small production of white Viura, CH, Sb
30
What is synoniem for Macabeo
Viura
31
Describe Viura
it is a white grape, with deep golden colour and nutty flavour. low acidity, medium alcohol
Often used for still wine production. It can be made unoaked style with subtle herb and spice aromas. traditionally it was made for heavily oaked Riojas
32
Which 2 regions are located south of the Ebro
Carinena and Calatayud
33
Describe the climate of Carinena and Calatayud
Warm continental Climate, with low rainfall
34
What kind of wines are made in Carinena and Calatayud
Inexpensive are made in fruity, early drinking style.
| higher -quality tend to be made from old vine garnach and carinena adn display greater flavour intesity and structure.
35
Where is Catalunya located
North east of Spain, wine vineyards are south of barcelona
| hills on the west, and has a coastal plain
36
Catalunya is known for what kind of wines
Cava and still wines that covers the entire region
37
Which Vineyards regions are located in Catalunya
Penedes , Priorat
38
Describe the climate of Penedes
Coastal plain Mediterranean
inland in the valleys slightly cooler
800+ sea level Moderate climate
39
Where is Penedes located
South west of Barcalona
| Mediterranean coast up to the hills
40
What kind of varieties can you find in Penedes
wide variety, moste white for cava
International grapes: CH, Sb,gewurztraminer
merlot, CS, Tempranillo(Ull de Llebre), PN
41
Where is Priorat located
in the hills inland from the city of
| Tarragona
42
Describe the climate of Priorat
Summers are long,hot,dry
annual rainfall is low
Cool night time
soil llicorella
43
What kind of soil does Priorat have
Soil llicorella
44
Explain what kind of effect the soil llicorella has on the grape growing in Priorat
```
(red slate with asmal particles of mica
(clay and volcanic ash)
slow grow of grapes
hold little water/ roots can be 10 m/ less grapes
mica holds sun light- more sugar
```
45
Are grapes in priorat harvest by hand or machinery
handpicked, priorat is located in the hills. its
46
What kind of grape varieties grows in Priorat
Ideal Carinena and Garnacha vines( late ripening)
International grapes: CS
white and rose nearly found
47
Describe a tipically Priorat (red) wine
Deeply coloured, high taninins , medium to high alcohol
| black fruits, toasty aromas
48
Name the sub regions of Catalunya
Priorat and Penedes
49
Which sub regions are located in the Douro valley
Toro
Rueda
Ribera del Duero
50
Where is the Douro valley located
starts in the mountains south of rioja
| flows in Spain into Portugal
51
Where is Ribera del Duero located
its located in the douro valley
highest part of Meseta central
some vineyard 850+ meters
52
What kind of oak does Ribera del Duero prefer to use for the wines
New French Oak
53
Describe the climate of Ribera del Duero
```
short hot and dry summers . cold winters
cool night temperatures througout year- fresh fruit
retain acidity
cut off from Maritime influences
ring of mountains
```
54
Where can you find Viura
In the region Rioja
55
What kind of varieties can you find in Ribera del Duero and which grape is the dominant grape
Red and rose wine only
tempranillo dominant
Garnacha for dry rose
CS, Malbec, Merlot rarely used
56
Describe the climate of Toro
Similar climate to neighbour Ribera
57
what is the dominant grape of Toro
Tempranillo
58
what does Toro do to protect the vines of too much sun exposure and drought
low - yielding bush vines
59
Which grape is mainly blended into the joven wines of Toro
Garnacha
60
Does toro has small or large quantities of rose and white wines?
small
61
Describe the Reservas and Gran reservas of Toro
Can be exceptionally deeply coloured and be tannic,
| when young it can age well
62
What kind of climate does Rueda has?
Continental climate
63
What is Rueda's traditional grape variety?
Verdejo, Sb is the other important varietal
64
How many percentage of Verdejo do they have to blend with Verdejo
at least 50%
65
Explain the white styles of Rueda
It range from simple and fruity to richer, barrel-fermented versions
66
Can both SB and Verdejo be labeled as a single variety in Rueda
yes
67
Which region or sub region has the highest classification in Spain?
Rioja and Priorat DOCGa
68
Where is Rias Baixas located
situated on the Atlantic coast
69
Are the wines from Rias Baixas oaked or unoaked
Unoaked since they want to enhance the fruity flavours
70
what kind of climate does Rias Baiax has
A moderate damp climate
71
What is a common problem in the Rias Baixas
Rot and mildew
72
How are the vineyard trained in the Rias Baixas
The vines are trained on pergolas to encourage the air circulation
73
Explain a typical wine variety in the Rias Baixas
Albarino is made in a refreshing unoaked style to take advantage of the high acidity and ripe stone fruit flavours
74
Are they using oak and lees stirring in the Rias Baixas
yes, some richer styles
75
is red wine permitted in the Rias Baixas?
yes, it is.
76
Where is Bierzo located
lies in the mountains
marks boundary between Galicia and
meseta central
77
Are the styles of Bierzo unoaked or oaked
some unoaked, many new oak
78
Describe the climate of Bierzo
Moderate
cooling maritime influence
steepy slopes
79
What is the main variety in Bierzo
Mencia main variety, elegant red wines
| naturally high acidy and red fruits
80
where is The Levante located
region o n the mediterranean coast south of Catalunya
81
Name the sub regions of The Levante
Valencia, Jumilla Yecla
82
Which grape are dominated in Valencia, Jumilla and Yecla
Monastrell
83
Describe the majority of wines of Jumilla and Yecla
youthfull and fruity in style
84
What is the dominant white grape variety in Valencia
Merseguera
85
Which grapes makes a sweet fortified wine in Valencia
Muscat of Alexandria( to produce Moscatel de Valencia)
86
Name the sub regions of Castilla-La Mancha
La Mancha, Valdepenas
87
Where does half of the wine production comes from, from which region
Castilla - La Mancha
88
Which region or sub region has the largest DO
La Mancha
89
what is the most widely planted grape variety in La Mancha
Airen
90
what are the charasterics of Airen
Neutral fresh white wines
91
What is synoniem for Tempranillo
Cencibel
92
what are the internation grape varieties in La mancha
CS, merlot , syrah and even CH and SB
93
which sub region is known for the Vinos de Pago
La Mancha
94
Where is Valdepenas located
south to La Mancha
95
Where is Valedepenas known for
Reputation for quality
96
what are the dominant grape varieties in Valdepenas
Airen, Tempranillo(cencibel)
97
what is the most widely planted grape variety in Spain
Airen
| able to cope with extreme heat and drought conditions
98
describe tempranillo
premier black grape,thick skinned grapewith medium levels of acidity needs high diurnal temperature range otherwise cause lack of acidity
often using semi carbonic
joven-strawberry flavour
99
how are the most reds wine made in spain
wide range of styles
inexpensive without oak an semi carbonic
best wines always oak, proportion of new oak
100
what is the spanish name for Garnacha
Garnacha tinta
101
Tempranillo can be blended with which grapes
Garnacha ,Graciano an Carinena/Mazuelo or international varieties suchs as CS
102
What does garnacha do with the wine
it gives wine high alcohol and the tendency to mature earlyl widely used for rosados. important grape in priorat.
103
Describe monastrell
thick skinned grape , drought tolerant, but needs hot sunny conditions to ripen. Dos suchs as Yecla and Jumilla. deeply coloured fully bodied wines , high levels of tannin and alcohol. medium acidity , ripe black berry
104
Describe Graciano
challenging to grow. mainly in rioja for blending
| to add concentrated black fruit aromas acidity and tannins .
105
how is Carignan called in Spain and how is it called in Rioja
Carinena and Mazuelo in Rioja
106
Describe Carinena and Mazuelo
same grape, different name. Mazuelo in rioja. gives wine that has high levels of acidity, tannin and colour.blend with tempranillo. grown in priorat where it is blended with bgarnacha to enhance tannic structure .
107
Which local variety gives wines fresh fruit, medium to high acidity and sometimes a hint of herbaceousness?
Mencia
108
Which white grape is highly susceptible to oxidation and was used to make sherry. Is light bodied, high - acid, with melon and peach flavour. Often blended. Fuller wines, when undergone skin contact and barrel fermentation.
Verdejo
109
Describe Albarino
grown north west, thick skinned able to resist fungal disease. high in acidity and produces citrus and stone fruit flavours. Can also have fuller bodied wine.
