Spaces and Landmarks

Question 1

Posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 1

Posterior border or SCM, Anterior border of trapezius and middle third of clavicle

Question 2

Anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 2

Inferior border of mandible, midline, anterior border of SCM

Question 3

Digastric triangle

Answer 3

2 bellies of bigastric, lower border of mandible

Question 4

Carotid triangle

Answer 4

SCM, posterior belly of digastric, superior belly omohyoid

Question 5

Submental triangle

Answer 5

2 anterior bellies of digastric and body of omohyoid bone

Question 6

Muscular triangle (anterior neck)

Answer 6

SCM, superior belly of omohyoid, midline

Question 7

Foramen of Winslow

Answer 7

Anterior: HPV, bile duct, hepatic artery Posterior: IVC Inferior: 1st part of duodenum Superior: Caudate lobe

Question 8

Femoral Canal

Answer 8

Anterior: Inguinal ligament Posterior: pectineal ligamnet Medial: lacunar ligament Lateral: fermoral vein

Question 9

Hesselbach’s inguinal triangle

Answer 9

Lateral: inferior epigastric artery Medial: lateral edge of rectus abdominus Inferior: Inguinal ligament Floor: transversalis fascia, conjoint tendon, posterior wall of inguinal canal

Question 10

Popliteal fossa

Answer 10

Superior-lateral: biceps femoris Superior-medial: semitendinosus and semimembranosus Inferior-lateral: lateral head of gastrocnemeus Inferior-medial: medial head of gastrocnemeus

Contents:

Popliteal artery, vein, genicular branches

Nerves: Tibial, common peroneal, sural, sural communicating

Lymph nodes

Fat

Question 11

Adductor canal

Answer 11

Lateral: Vastus medialis Posterior: Adductor longus and magnus Antero-medial/Roof: Sartorius, Contents: SFA, femoral vein, branches of femoral nerve: saphenous, nerve to vastus medialis

Question 12

Femoral triangle

Answer 12

Medial: medial border of adductor longus Lateral: medial border of sartorius Superior: Inguinal ligament Floor: adductor longus, pectineus, iliacus, psoas Roof: fascia lata

Contents: Femoral nerve, artery, vein, deep inguinal lymph nodes

Question 13

Saphenous opening

Answer 13

3cm lateral and inferior to the pubic tubercle

Question 14

Axilla apex

Answer 14

Calvicle, scapula, 1st rib

Question 15

Axilla posterior wall

Answer 15

Subscapularis Teres major Latissimus dorsi

Question 16

Axilla medial wall

Answer 16

Seratus anterior

Question 17

Axilla lateral wall

Answer 17

Bicipital groove of humerus and biceps tendon

Question 18

Inguinal canal

Answer 18

Anterior: ext oblique + small portion int oblique laterally Posterior: transversalis fascia, inf. epigastric laterally and conjoint tendon medially Roof: internal oblique and transversus abdominus Floor: Inguinal ligament

Question 19

Quadrangular Space

Answer 19

Superior: Subscapularis and teres minor

Inferior: Teres major

Medial: Long head of triceps

Lateral: Medial shaft of humerus

Contents: Axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein

Question 20

Greater Sciatic Foramen

Answer 20

Greater sciatic notch, sacrospinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament

Superior to piriformis: Superior gluteal nerve, artery, vein

Inferior to piriformis: Inferior gluteal nerve, artery, vein,

Internal pudendal artery and vein

Nerves: pudendal, sciatic, posterior femoral cutaneous, perforating cutanoues nerves, nevere to obturator internus and nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 21

Lesser Sciatic Foramen

Answer 21

Between lesser sciatic notch, sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament

Passing out: Tendon of obturator internus and internal pudendal vein

Passing in: Pudendal nerve, nerve to obturator internus, internal pudendal artery

Question 22

Deep Inguinal Ring

Answer 22

3cm above mid-inguinal point

Borders:

Superior and Lateral: Transversus abdominus

Inferior: Inguinal ligament

Medial: Transversalis fascia and epigastric vessels

Contents:

Vessels: Testicular, cremesteric, vasal

Nerves: Genital branch or genitofemoral, sympathetics (not ilio-inguinal)

Other: Vas deferens, Round ligament, Lymphatics, Processus vaganalis

Question 23

Transpyloric plane

Answer 23

Half way between suprasternal notch and pubic symphysis

L1 vertebral body

Tips of 9th costal cartilages

Pylorus of the stomach

Neck of the pancreas

Origin of the portal vein

Hilum of kidneys

Second part of the duodenum

D2 and sphincter of Oddi

Fundus of the gallbladder

DJ flexure

Origin of the SMA

End of the spinal cord