Spaces and Landmarks Flashcards
Posterior triangle of the neck
Posterior border or SCM, Anterior border of trapezius and middle third of clavicle
Anterior triangle of the neck
Inferior border of mandible, midline, anterior border of SCM
Digastric triangle
2 bellies of bigastric, lower border of mandible
Carotid triangle
SCM, posterior belly of digastric, superior belly omohyoid
Submental triangle
2 anterior bellies of digastric and body of omohyoid bone
Muscular triangle (anterior neck)
SCM, superior belly of omohyoid, midline
Foramen of Winslow
Anterior: HPV, bile duct, hepatic artery Posterior: IVC Inferior: 1st part of duodenum Superior: Caudate lobe
Femoral Canal
Anterior: Inguinal ligament Posterior: pectineal ligamnet Medial: lacunar ligament Lateral: fermoral vein
Hesselbach’s inguinal triangle
Lateral: inferior epigastric artery Medial: lateral edge of rectus abdominus Inferior: Inguinal ligament Floor: transversalis fascia, conjoint tendon, posterior wall of inguinal canal
Popliteal fossa
Superior-lateral: biceps femoris Superior-medial: semitendinosus and semimembranosus Inferior-lateral: lateral head of gastrocnemeus Inferior-medial: medial head of gastrocnemeus
Contents:
Popliteal artery, vein, genicular branches
Nerves: Tibial, common peroneal, sural, sural communicating
Lymph nodes
Fat
Adductor canal
Lateral: Vastus medialis Posterior: Adductor longus and magnus Antero-medial/Roof: Sartorius, Contents: SFA, femoral vein, branches of femoral nerve: saphenous, nerve to vastus medialis
Femoral triangle
Medial: medial border of adductor longus Lateral: medial border of sartorius Superior: Inguinal ligament Floor: adductor longus, pectineus, iliacus, psoas Roof: fascia lata
Contents: Femoral nerve, artery, vein, deep inguinal lymph nodes
Saphenous opening
3cm lateral and inferior to the pubic tubercle
Axilla apex
Calvicle, scapula, 1st rib
Axilla posterior wall
Subscapularis Teres major Latissimus dorsi
Axilla medial wall
Seratus anterior
Axilla lateral wall
Bicipital groove of humerus and biceps tendon
Inguinal canal
Anterior: ext oblique + small portion int oblique laterally Posterior: transversalis fascia, inf. epigastric laterally and conjoint tendon medially Roof: internal oblique and transversus abdominus Floor: Inguinal ligament
Quadrangular Space
Superior: Subscapularis and teres minor
Inferior: Teres major
Medial: Long head of triceps
Lateral: Medial shaft of humerus
Contents: Axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein
Greater Sciatic Foramen
Greater sciatic notch, sacrospinous ligament, sacrotuberous ligament
Superior to piriformis: Superior gluteal nerve, artery, vein
Inferior to piriformis: Inferior gluteal nerve, artery, vein,
Internal pudendal artery and vein
Nerves: pudendal, sciatic, posterior femoral cutaneous, perforating cutanoues nerves, nevere to obturator internus and nerve to quadratus femoris
Lesser Sciatic Foramen
Between lesser sciatic notch, sacrospinous ligament and sacrotuberous ligament
Passing out: Tendon of obturator internus and internal pudendal vein
Passing in: Pudendal nerve, nerve to obturator internus, internal pudendal artery
Deep Inguinal Ring
3cm above mid-inguinal point
Borders:
Superior and Lateral: Transversus abdominus
Inferior: Inguinal ligament
Medial: Transversalis fascia and epigastric vessels
Contents:
Vessels: Testicular, cremesteric, vasal
Nerves: Genital branch or genitofemoral, sympathetics (not ilio-inguinal)
Other: Vas deferens, Round ligament, Lymphatics, Processus vaganalis
Transpyloric plane
Half way between suprasternal notch and pubic symphysis
L1 vertebral body
Tips of 9th costal cartilages
Pylorus of the stomach
Neck of the pancreas
Origin of the portal vein
Hilum of kidneys
Second part of the duodenum
D2 and sphincter of Oddi
Fundus of the gallbladder
DJ flexure
Origin of the SMA
End of the spinal cord
