Space Suits Flashcards
pressure garments:
Space suits
Functions of a space suit
- supply O2, remove CO2
- thermoregulation
- counter pressure
- micrometeoroids protection
- radiation protection
Supply oxygen and remove CO2:
- lithium hydroxide canister to absorb CO2
- less than 15 sec survival without O2
Thermoregulation:
- can range from 120 celsius to minus 200 celsius in space
- reason suit is white inside , to reflect suns heat but black inside to keep heat in
Counter pressure:
- cold boiling
- no atmosphere so boil at any temperature
- avoid body fluid boiling pump air into suit to add pressure
cold boiling =
-endothermic process = reduction in temperature
when atmosphere pressure = vapour pressure
micrometeoroid protection:
- sand grains faster than a high velocity rifle bullet
- 10 k/s
- external layer of suit contains layers of Kevlar for micrometeoroid protection
radiation protection:
- X-rays, gamma rays, solar wind
- orientate spacecraft so thickest part faces sun
where do you find hard vacuum
outer space
-almost perfect but still some atoms still present (hydrogen)
Effects of exposure to hard vacuum
- brief survival
- expansion of skin as gases expand
- pneumothorax if breath held in
- ‘cold boiling’ of body fluids
pneumothorax =
- collapsed lung
- occurs when air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall. This air pushes on the outside of your lung and makes it collapse.
Helmets function:
provides pressure integrity to the head where most of the special sensors are located
-VISOR protects from UV light
pressure garments effect on mobility
causes mobility issues thus reduced pressure
-15lbs/inch2 on earth, suit = 2lbs/inch2 with 100% O2
outer protection of suit:
- external layer = white for thermal control
- made of woven glass called BETA CLOTH-FIRE-PROOF, insulating MYLAR (gold foil) NYLON and kevlar for micrometeoroid protection
Regolith:
- lunar regolith = moon sand
- jaggered and sharp very abbressive
- concerns similar to asbestos (get into lungs, lung cancer)
future suits:
likely to use elastic and not air to add pressure ‘soft suit’
skeletal muscle fibres 3 types
- Type 1: Slow twitch
- Type IIA: Fast twitch
- Type IIx: fast twitch
skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: Type 1
- Slow twitch (marathon runner)
- slow oxidative
- High myoglobin
- high mitochondria
- higly vascular
- ->
- slow rate of contraction
- fatigue resistant/red colour
- slow ATP breakdown
- manufacture ATP by oxidative metabolism
skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: Type IIA
- fast twitch
- Fast oxidative
- v high myoglobin
- v high mitochondria
- v highly vascular
- ->
- fast rate of contraction
- fatigue resistant/red colour
- very rapid ATP breakdown
- high capacity to manufacture ATP by oxidative metabolism
which type of the 3 skeletal muscles are very rare in humans
Type IIA
skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: Type IIX
- Fast Twitch (Usain Bolt)
- Fast Glycolytic Oxidative)
- low myoglobin
- low mitochondria
- high glycogen
- low vascularity
- fast rate of contraction
- readily fatigue/white colour
- prod. ATP by anaerobic glycolysis
- breadkdown ATP rapidly
- low capacity to make ATP
skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: size of motor neurone
type IIX = v large
type IIA = large
type I = smalle
skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: activity used for:
type I: Aerobic
type IIA: long term anaerobic
type IIX: short term anaerobic
skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: oxidative capacity
type I: High
type IIA: High
type IIX: Low
skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: Glycolytic capacity
type I: Low
type IIA: High
type IIX: High
skeletal muscle fibres 3 types: Major storage fuels
type I: Triglycerides
type IIA: CrP, Glycogen
type IIX: CrP, Glycogen
