Space Physics- Paper 2 Flashcards
What does the force caused the orbiting object to do?
1-force gravity= object fall towards what it is orbiting
2-moving so changes direction object keeps accelerating
3-travelling circles centripetal force towards what it’s orbiting,
What force makes orbiting happening?
Gravitational force between planet and son
What is the evidence for the universe expanding?
.The light from all the distant galaxies is red-shifted.
.The further away the galaxy the bigger the red-shift.
=All the distant galaxies are moving away from us.
=The further away the galaxy, the faster it is moving away.
What is the Big Bang and evidence?
what is cosmic microwave background radiation and the temperature?
- Matter universe occupied, very small space tiny space was very dense, very hot.
- Then it exploded space started expanding and continuing.
2)cosmic microwave background radiation all directions in space, (from start of big bang)
3)270 °C. remains of the thermal energy from the Big Bang, spread thinly across the whole Universe.
How many stars are there on the solar system?
1 (sun)
What are the four things in our solar system?
Planets, Dwarf planets, moons, artificial satellites
What is a solar system part of?
Milky Way and galaxy massive collection of billions of stars held together by gravity
Planets?
What is their gravity like?
-Large objects, orbit, a star
gravity strong enough pulled in any nearby objects apart from natural satellites
Dwarf planets?
Obit stars, doesn’t fit the criteria to be a plant
Moons?
Orbit planets is a natural satellite
Artificial satellites?
Satellite, humans built generally to orbit earth
How does the size of orbit depend on an object speed and how does a natural satellite to not crash?
-stable orbit
Closer= stronger gravitational force= faster, orbiting to remain in orbit and not crash
Red giants star process life cycle? 2
5)small like Sun=unstable ejects its outer layer of dust and gas. hot, dense solid core - a white dwarf.
6) cools down, emits less and less energy. no longer emits amount= black dwarf.
Red super giant star process life cycle? 3
1) fusion and expand and contract forming elements heavy as iron explode= supernova, (very hot)
2)forming elements heavier than iron, ejecting them into universe=new planets and stars.
2)exploding supernova throws outer layers of dust and gas into space, leaving very dense core=neutron star.
9)Big= black hole - a super dense point in space that not even light can escape from.
Initial 4 steps to the life cycle of a star?
Why is a star red?
1)Stars initially form from a cloud of dust and gas called a nebula.
2) force gravity pulls dust and gas together to form a protostar.
-temperature rises star denser=particles collide each other.
-hydrogen nuclei+ nuclear fusion=helium nuclei. Lots energy, core star hot.
3)star= long stable period outward pressure caused by nuclear fusion= balances force gravity pulling everything inwards.
4)hydrogen run out. star swells into a red giant (small star) or a red super giant (larger star).
red= surface cools. Fusion helium (other elements) occurs. Heavier elements (iron) are created in the core of the star.
