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Science (Grade 9) > Space > Flashcards

Space Flashcards

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1
Q

Largest to Smallest

A 
Universe
Supercluster
Group or Cluster
Galaxy 
Star
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2
Q

Universe

A

Everything that physically exists: the entirety of space and time, and all forms of matter and energy

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3
Q

Supercluster

A

A gigantic cluster of 4-25 groups or clusters that are hundreds of millions of light years in size

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4
Q

Group or Cluster

A

As little as 20-3- galaxies or as large as several thousands galaxies (Clusters are more massive than groups)

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5
Q

Galaxy

A

a collection of stars, planets, gas, and dust that is held together by the galaxy

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6
Q

Solar System

A

the sun with all the planets and other celestial objects (moons, comets, asteroids) that are held by the sun’s gravity and orbit around it

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7
Q

Celestial Object

A

Any object that exists in space

stars, asteroids, moon, planet, etc.

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8
Q

Solar System Members

A

Star (Sun)
Planets (Inner Planets/Outer Planets)
Dwarf Planet
Small Solar System Bodies

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9
Q

Star

A

a hot ball of gases that gives off a large amount of energy

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10
Q

Planet

A

a celestial body that

  • orbits a star
  • has enough mass so that its gravity pulls it into a round or spherical shape
  • clears other celestial objects out of its orbit
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11
Q

Inner Planets

A

Rocky (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars)

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12
Q

Outer Planets

A

Gaseous (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)

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13
Q

Dwarf Planet

A

a spherical or round object that

  • orbits the sun
  • has enough mass to assume a nearly spherical shape
  • has not cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit
  • is not a moon
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14
Q

Small Solar System Bodies

A

asteroids, comets, Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud

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15
Q

Asteroids

A
  • left over from the formation of the solar system
  • originate from Asteroid Belt
  • made up of metals and rocky material
  • irregular shapes and different sizes
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16
Q

Asteroid Belt

A

a region of rocky debris that forms a ring around the Sun, between Mars and Jupiter

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17
Q

Meteoroids

A
  • pieces of rock moving through space

- chunks that have broken off asteroids and planets

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18
Q

Meteors

A
  • meteoroids that hit the Earth’s atmosphere

- burn up due to friction with atmosphere

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19
Q

Meteorites

A

large meteors that reach the ground without burning up

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20
Q

Comets

A
  • originated from Kuiper Belt or Oort Cloud
  • eliptical orbit
  • ice, dust, rocky material
  • when close to sun, will vaporize ice on comet
  • release of dust and gas creates the comet tail
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21
Q

Trans Neptunian Objects

A

objects that circle the Sun beyond the orbit of Neptune

located in Kuiper Belt

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22
Q

Kuiper Belt

A

a disc shape region of icy objects beyond the orbit of Neptune
-made of material left over from the formation of the solar system

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23
Q

Oort Cloud

A

spherical cloud of icy fragments of debris at the edge of the solar system

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24
Q

Astronomical Unit (AU)

A

average distance between the Earth and Sun

1AU= 150 000 000 km

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25
Q

Light Years

A

distance light travels in 1 year
1 Light year= 9500 000 000 000 km
1 Light year= 63 241 AU

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26
Q

Why are outer planets the larger planets?

A

planet is mostly gas and turns to ice, making it bigger

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27
Q

Order of planets from the Sun?

A 
MVEMJSUN
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn 
Uranus
Neptune
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28
Q

Star Properties

A

Luminosity, Colour, Surface Temperature, Mass

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29
Q

Luminosity (Star)

A

Measure the total amount of energy it radiates per second
Brightness of stars
Sun=1

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30
Q

Colour (Star)

A

determine stars surface temperature
Blue, Red, Yellow
Blue= Hot
Red= Cooler

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31
Q

Surface Temperature (Star)

A

3000C- RED

18000C- BLUE

32
Q

Mass (Star)

A
  1. Low Mass, Intermediate Mass, High Mass

2. Solar Mass

33
Q

Life Cycle of Star

A 
(depends on when the star was originally formed)
Red Dwarf
Red Giant
White Dwarf
Black Dwarf
Neutron Star
Black Hole
34
Q

Red Dwarf

A

low mass star

35
Q

Red Giant

A

dying star that becomes large in diameter and cool on surface

36
Q

White Dwarf

A

small, dim, hot star

37
Q

Black Dwarf

A

a white dwarf that runs out of heat and energy

38
Q

Neutron Star

A

a dense star that only has neutrons in core

39
Q

Black Hole

A

region where gravitational force is so strong where nothing can escape it

40
Q

Hertspurng-Russell Diagram

A

shows the trends in the evolution of stars

y axis: luminosity
x axis: surface temperature and colour

41
Q

Main Sequence Stars

A

central band of stars stretching from upper left to lower right.
- stable, main part of their life cycle

42
Q

Solar Nebula Theory

A
  1. about 5 billion years ago, a massive cloud of gas and dust (nebula) began to form masses
  2. temperature and pressure in the centre of the mass increases
  3. Centre becomes a protostar (hot and condensed object)
  4. Nuclear fusion occurs between hydrogen nuclei in center
  5. Sun began to form
  6. Remaining materials around Sun lump to form planets
43
Q

Sun’s Layers

A 
Core
Radiative Zone
Convective Zone
Photoshpere
Chromosphere
Corona
44
Q

Core

A

Inner part, high pressure and temperature

45
Q

Radiative Zone

A

all energy is carried outwards by radiation in all directions

46
Q

Convective Zone

A

hot plasma rises, carrying energy towards surface

- constant circulation of plasma is called convection

47
Q

Photosphere

A

Photo meaning light, visible surface

  • part of the sun we see
  • sends light and heat
  • sunspots on this layer
48
Q

Chromosphere

A

Chromo meaning coloured

49
Q

Corona

A

Outermost layer

50
Q

Sunspot

A

area of strong magnetic field on Sun’s surface (photosphere)

51
Q

Prominence

A

a slow, low, energy ejection of gases from photosphere and forms a loop outwards into atmosphere

52
Q

Solar Flare

A

intense ejection of high energy charged particles

53
Q

Coronal Mass Ejection

A

large clouds of extremely high speed charged particles erupted from corona into space

54
Q

Solar Wind

A

steady stream of high speed charged subatomic particles

  • affects flight paths and damages electronic equipment
  • disrupts/damages power grids, satellites
  • creates aurora borealis and aurora australis
55
Q

What is a star called during its earliest stage of formation?

A

protostar

56
Q

What is Earth’s 2 types of motion?

A

Rotation around its axis

Revolution around Sun

57
Q

What is Moon’s 2 types of motion?

A

Rotation around axis

Revolution around Earth

58
Q

Stages of the Moon

A 
First Quarter
Waxing Crescent
New Moon
Waning Cresecent
Third Quarter
Waning Gibbous
Full Moon
Waxing Gibbous
59
Q

Lunar Eclipse

A

when Earth’s shadow covers the Moon

only happens during full moon

60
Q

Solar Eclipse

A

when Moon’s shadow covers the Earth

only happens during new moon

61
Q

Umbra

A

region of complete shadow, which a complete eclipse will occur

62
Q

Penumbra

A

a fringe region of partial shadow, which a partial eclipse will occur

63
Q

Tides

A

caused by gravitation force
large object attracts water closer to it, making tide higher
Every day= 2 high tides and 2 low tides

64
Q

Why do we only see one side of the moon?

A

the moon rotates once while it completes one orbit around Earth

65
Q

Summer in northern hemisphere

A

Earth is tilted TOWARDS the Sun

66
Q

Winter in northern hemisphere

A

Earth is tilted AWAY from the Sun

67
Q

Direct Benefits of Space Research and Exploration

A

learn about the universe

national pride

68
Q

Indirect Benefits of Space Research and Exploration

A 
communication: artificial satellite 
tracking device
robotic technology
imaging
consumer goods
69
Q

Costs of Space Research and Exploration

A

Space Junk
Human Cost
Very Expensive

70
Q

Issues of Space Research and Exploration

A 
political issues (who owns space)
ethical issues (more important to explore space than to feed people?)
environmental issues (sustainable use of space and its resources?)
71
Q

Artificial Satellite

A

device placed in orbit by humans around Earth or other celestial object to allow radio, TV, phone and internet signals to be transmitted through space

72
Q

Effects of Space on Unprotected Human Body

A

Breathing
Blood and Body Fluids
Body Temperature
Solar Radiation

73
Q

Breathing Effects

A

due to lack of pressure, oxygen would quickly be used up

after 9-12 seconds you would pass out

74
Q

Blood and Body Fluids Effects

A

fluids may be boiled due to vacuum

body might be expanded to twice its size due to effect

75
Q

Body Temperature Effects

A

although its cold in space, it would take time before your body cooled
frost can occur on limbs

76
Q

Solar Radiation

A

can cause sunburn effects

skin can even burn within seconds

Science (Grade 9) (2 decks)

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