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Science 9 > Space > Flashcards

Space Flashcards

1
Q

Who invented the Periodic Table?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev is credited with the invention of the Periodic Table.

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2
Q

How is the Periodic Table organized?

A

The Periodic Table is organized by increasing atomic number and grouped by similar chemical properties.

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3
Q

What are the patterns on the Periodic Table?

A

The patterns include groups (columns) and periods (rows) that indicate similar properties and trends.

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4
Q

What is the difference between groups and periods?

A

Groups are vertical columns with similar chemical properties, while periods are horizontal rows indicating increasing atomic number.

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5
Q

What are metals, non-metals, and metalloids?

A

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, non-metals are poor conductors, and metalloids have properties of both.

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6
Q

What are alkali metals?

A

Alkali metals are highly reactive metals found in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.

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7
Q

What are alkaline earth metals?

A

Alkaline earth metals are reactive metals found in Group 2 of the Periodic Table.

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8
Q

What are transition metals?

A

Transition metals are found in the central block of the Periodic Table and have variable oxidation states.

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9
Q

What are halogens?

A

Halogens are reactive non-metals found in Group 17 of the Periodic Table.

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10
Q

What are noble gases?

A

Noble gases are inert gases found in Group 18 of the Periodic Table.

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11
Q

What are lanthanides and actinides?

A

Lanthanides and actinides are two series of elements that include rare earth metals and actinides, respectively.

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12
Q

What is electricity?

A

Electricity is the flow of electric charge, typically through a conductor.

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13
Q

What is electrostatics?

A

Electrostatics is the study of stationary electric charges.

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14
Q

What is the difference between static and current electricity?

A

Static electricity is the build-up of charge, while current electricity is the flow of charge.

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15
Q

What are insulators, conductors, and resistors?

A

Insulators prevent the flow of electricity, conductors allow it, and resistors limit the flow.

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16
Q

What is the law of electric charges?

A

Like charges repel and opposite charges attract.

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17
Q

What is the law of conservation of charge?

A

The total electric charge in an isolated system remains constant.

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18
Q

What does it mean for a device to be polarized?

A

A polarized device has a specific orientation for correct operation.

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19
Q

What is the triboelectric series?

A

The triboelectric series ranks materials based on their tendency to gain or lose electrons.

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20
Q

What is charging by friction?

A

Charging by friction occurs when two materials are rubbed together, causing electrons to transfer.

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21
Q

What is charging by conduction?

A

Charging by conduction involves direct contact between a charged object and a neutral object.

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22
Q

What is charging by induction?

A

Charging by induction occurs when a charged object influences the charge distribution in a neutral object without direct contact.

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23
Q

What are the benefits of static electricity?

A

Benefits include applications in plastic wrap, painting, and fabric softening.

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24
Q

What are the four parts of a circuit?

A

The four parts are a power source, conductors, a load, and a switch.

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25
Q

What are the four types of energy produced through resistance?

A

The four types are thermal, light, sound, and mechanical energy.

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26
Q

What is the difference between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC)?

A

AC changes direction periodically, while DC flows in one direction.

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27
Q

What is the path of electricity in a home?

A

The path includes hot wire, neutral wire, ground wire, cable sheath, polarized plug, and GFCI.

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28
Q

What is the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance?

A

Ohm’s Law states that voltage equals current times resistance (V = I × R).

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29
Q

What is the difference between series and parallel circuits?

A

In series circuits, current is the same through all components, while in parallel circuits, voltage is the same across all components.

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30
Q

What is Ohm’s Law?

A

Ohm’s Law relates voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit.

31
Q

How do you calculate parts of Ohm’s Law?

A

Use the formula V = I × R to calculate voltage, current, or resistance.

32
Q

What is the cost of electricity?

A

The cost is calculated based on energy consumption and the rate charged by the utility company.

33
Q

What are EnerGuide and Energy Star?

A

EnerGuide is a label for energy consumption, while Energy Star identifies energy-efficient products.

34
Q

What is a phantom load?

A

A phantom load refers to energy consumed by devices in standby mode.

35
Q

What is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources?

A

Renewable resources can be replenished naturally, while nonrenewable resources are finite.

36
Q

What is the role of turbines, generators, and transformers in the energy grid?

A

Turbines convert kinetic energy to mechanical energy, generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy, and transformers adjust voltage levels.

37
Q

What are traditional forms of energy?

A

Traditional forms include coal, oil, and natural gas.

38
Q

What are alternative forms of energy?

A

Alternative forms include solar, water, wind, biomass, nuclear, hydrogen, and geothermal energy.

39
Q

What are the characteristics of astronomical bodies?

A

Astronomical bodies include stars, planets, moons, asteroids, and comets.

40
Q

What is the difference between a solar system, a galaxy, and the universe?

A

A solar system contains planets orbiting a star, a galaxy is a collection of solar systems, and the universe encompasses all galaxies.

41
Q

What is the difference between astronomical and celestial bodies?

A

Astronomical bodies refer to all objects in space, while celestial bodies specifically refer to objects visible in the sky.

42
Q

What are the three types of galaxies?

A

The three types are spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies.

43
Q

What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?

A

The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy.

44
Q

What are the essential characteristics of the sun?

A

The sun is a star composed mainly of hydrogen and helium, producing energy through nuclear fusion.

45
Q

What is the difference between sunspots, solar prominences, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections?

A

Sunspots are cooler areas on the sun’s surface, solar prominences are large loops of gas, solar flares are sudden bursts of energy, and coronal mass ejections are massive bursts of solar wind.

46
Q

What is a nebula?

A

A nebula is a cloud of gas and dust in space, often a site of star formation.

47
Q

What is a protostar?

A

A protostar is an early stage in the formation of a star, where gas and dust collapse under gravity.

48
Q

What is the life cycle of stars?

A

Stars undergo stages of formation, main sequence, and eventually death as supernovae or white dwarfs.

49
Q

What are space rocks?

A

Space rocks include asteroids, comets, meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites.

50
Q

What is the difference between asteroids, comets, meteoroids, meteors, and meteorites?

A

Asteroids are rocky bodies, comets are icy bodies, meteoroids are small particles, meteors are the streaks of light they create, and meteorites are fragments that reach Earth’s surface.

51
Q

Why do we study astronomical bodies?

A

Studying astronomical bodies helps us understand the universe’s formation, evolution, and our place within it.

52
Q

What are the differences between terrestrial and gas giant planets?

A

Terrestrial planets are rocky and solid, while gas giants are composed mainly of gases.

53
Q

What is a tidally locked planet?

A

A tidally locked planet rotates on its axis in the same time it takes to orbit its star, showing the same face to the star.

54
Q

What are the unique characteristics of each planet?

A

Each planet has distinct features such as atmosphere, surface conditions, and composition.

55
Q

How do you calculate astronomical distance?

A

Astronomical distance can be calculated using light-years or astronomical units (AU).

56
Q

How long does it take for sunlight to reach the planets?

A

The time varies based on distance; for example, sunlight takes about 8 minutes to reach Earth.

57
Q

What is a satellite?

A

A satellite is an object that orbits a planet or celestial body.

58
Q

What is the difference between a natural and an artificial satellite?

A

Natural satellites are moons, while artificial satellites are human-made objects launched into orbit.

59
Q

What are the phases of the moon?

A

The phases include new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, and waning crescent.

60
Q

What is the difference between a new moon and a full moon?

A

A new moon occurs when the moon is between Earth and the sun, while a full moon occurs when Earth is between the moon and the sun.

61
Q

What determines the rotation of the Earth on its axis?

A

The rotation of the Earth determines day and night cycles.

62
Q

What is an eclipse?

A

An eclipse occurs when one celestial body moves into the shadow of another.

63
Q

What is the difference between a solar and lunar eclipse?

A

A solar eclipse occurs when the moon blocks the sun, while a lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the moon.

64
Q

What is the difference between a partial, total, and annular eclipse?

A

A partial eclipse covers part of the sun or moon, a total eclipse covers it completely, and an annular eclipse appears as a ring of light.

65
Q

What are the penumbra and umbra of an eclipse?

A

The umbra is the darkest part of the shadow, while the penumbra is the lighter outer part.

66
Q

What moon phase lines up with solar and lunar eclipses?

A

A solar eclipse occurs during a new moon, and a lunar eclipse occurs during a full moon.

67
Q

What is the Big Bang Theory?

A

The Big Bang Theory posits that the universe began as a singularity and has been expanding ever since.

68
Q

What were Hubble’s contributions to society’s knowledge of galaxies?

A

Hubble discovered that the universe is expanding and classified galaxies into different types.

69
Q

What is special about the concept of heliocentricity?

A

Heliocentricity is the model where the sun is at the center of the solar system, with planets orbiting around it.

70
Q

What is the purpose of space exploration?

A

The purpose is to discover new knowledge about the universe and advance technology.

71
Q

What equipment is used in space exploration?

A

Equipment includes telescopes, rockets, space shuttles, space stations, and space probes.

72
Q

What is Canada’s contribution to the space program?

A

Canada has contributed technology such as the Canadarm and participated in various space missions.

73
Q

What is microgravity?

A

Microgravity is a condition in which objects appear to be weightless due to free fall.

74
Q

What are the effects of microgravity?

A

Effects include changes in muscle mass, bone density, and fluid distribution in the body.

Science 9 (3 decks)

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