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Physics S3 > Space > Flashcards

Space Flashcards

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1
Q

What defines a day on earth?

A

One full rotation

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2
Q

How long does the earth take to complete 1 full rotation?

A

24 hours

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3
Q

How does a year on Earth relate to the Sun?

A

One orbit of the Earth around the Sun equals a year

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4
Q

How do the axis and tilt of Earth contribute to the seasons?

A

The earth’s spin axis is tilted with respect to its orbital plane

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5
Q

What is the orbital period of the Moon around Earth?

A

Around one month (27.9 days)

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6
Q

What are the different phases the moon undergoes during its orbit?

A

new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter and waning crescent

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7
Q

What is the far side of the moon?

A

The far side of the Moon is the lunar hemisphere that always faces away from Earth

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8
Q

What is the near side of the moon?

A

The near side of the Moon is the lunar hemisphere that always faces towards Earth

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9
Q

Name and describe some features of the moon’s surface?

A

Highlands, Maria and craters

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10
Q

What’s the difference between rocky planets and gas giants?

A

Gas giants do not have a well defined surface

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11
Q

What’s the difference between mass and weight

A

Mass is a measure of how much matter there is in an object, while weight is a measure of the size of the pull of gravity on the object.

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12
Q

How can you calculate your weight on different planets

A

Gravitational field strength x your weight

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13
Q

State a fundamental characteristic of the path of light?

A

Reflection

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14
Q

How can you measure the focal length of a convex lens?

A

Measure focus point to actual length of laser

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15
Q

What’s the difference between concave and convex?

A

Convex are thicker at the center, Concave is thinner on the center

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16
Q

how can you trace the path of light through convex or concave lenses?

A

Using a ray diagram

17
Q

what is wavelength?

A

The distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave

18
Q

what is frequency?

A

Frequency is the number of waves that pass a given point in one second

19
Q

State the law of reflection

A

The law of reflection states that the incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface of the mirror all lie in the same plane.

20
Q

whats the concept of the habitable zone?

A

The definition of “habitable zone” is the distance from a star at which liquid water could exist on orbiting planets’ surfaces.

21
Q

How does our sun compare to other suns in the universe?

A

Our Sun is an average sized star: there are smaller stars and larger stars, even up to 100 times larger.

22
Q

Define the composition of a star?

A

approximately 74 percent hydrogen, 24 percent helium, and 2 percent other elements

23
Q

Whats the primary fuel source of a star?

A

Nuclear fusion of hydrogen

24
Q

Explain the birth of a star

A

hydrogen is converted to helium deep inside the star

25
Q

What happens when a star dies

A

Massive stars transform into supernovae, neutron stars and black holes while average stars like the sun, end life as a white dwarf surrounded by a disappearing planetary nebula.

26
Q

Where did the period table element originate?

A

Forged inside ancient stars

27
Q

What is a black hole?

A

a region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter or radiation can escape

28
Q

What’s the significance of the event horizon

A

There is no return once you reach it

29
Q

What is our galaxy called?

A

The Milky Way

30
Q

How does our galaxy compare to others in the universe?

A

Our galaxy is average sized compared to others, we have a complex evolutional history

31
Q

How big is our universe?

A

Our universe is estimated to have a radius of 46.5 billion light years and is constantly expanding

32
Q

What is a light year?

A

a unit of astronomical distance equivalent to the distance that light travels in one year

33
Q

How big is our universe estimated to be?

A

13.7 billion years

34
Q

What are the basics of the Big Bang theory?

A

all of the current and past matter in the Universe came into existence at the same time

Physics S3 (2 decks)

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