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physics 2 > space > Flashcards

space Flashcards

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1
Q

what is our solar system made up of

A 
the sun
8 planets 
dwarf planets 
asteroids 
comets 
moons
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2
Q

where is the sun located

A

in the Milky Way

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3
Q

how are the nuclei for naturally occurring elements formed

A

nuclear fusion in stars

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4
Q

what forms helium nuclei

A

hydrogen nuclei fused together

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5
Q

what is a planet

A

an object that orbits a star

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6
Q

what is a moon

A

a natural satellite that orbits planets

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7
Q

what is a dwarf planet

A

an object that is smaller then normal planets but still orbits a star

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8
Q

what is an asteroid

A

a cluster of rock

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9
Q

what is a comet

A

a object made from ice, matter and dust with an irregular orbit

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10
Q

what is an orbit

A

a circular path around the sun which shape is caused by the gravity which is the same strength the whole way round

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11
Q

what is a black hole

A

something that light cannot escape

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12
Q

what is a galaxy

A

a cluster of millions of stars

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13
Q

what is an exoplanet

A

planets that orbit other stars

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14
Q

what is the name of our galaxy

A

the Milky Way

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15
Q

where are other small nuclei formed

A

in stars with large masses

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16
Q

in what process is helium , lithium and other small nuclei fused together to form larger nuclei

A

when a star becomes a red giant or red supergiant

17
Q

how are elements heavier than iron formed , why

A

when a massive star explodes in supernova because these elements require more energy to be produced

18
Q

how are elements distributed throughout the universe

A

when massive stars go into supernova

19
Q

what is the lifecycle of a star from nebula to main sequence star

A
    • a Nebula – is a cloud of dust and gas
      • gravitational attraction between particles of dust and gas to merge together this forms a
  • -Protostar
    • the protostar becomes denser as gravitational forces continue to pull it together, this means there’s more frequent collisions of particles
    • more energy from gravitational potential store of the particles transfers to the thermal energy store of the protostar so the protostar becomes hotter
    • when temp is hot enough nuclear fusion begins so hydrogen nuclei fuse to produce helium nuclei
    • nuclear fusion reactions release lots of energy so protostar becomes a
  • -Main Sequence Star
    • the main sequence star is stable because the fusion reactions produce outwards forces which are in equilibrium with the gravitational potential forces pulling the star inwards
20
Q

what is the lifecycle of a star smaller or about the same size as our sun from main sequence to black dwarf

A
  • -Main sequence star
    • when fusion of hydrogen stops fusion of helium begins to make heavier elements
    • Red giant
    • all fusion stops
  • -White dwarf- glowing because star is still hot
    • star cools down
  • -Black dwarf
21
Q

what is the lifecycle of a star heavier then our sun - from main sequence to black hole / neutron star

A
  • -Main sequence star
    • when fusion of hydrogen stops fusion of helium begins
    • Red Super Giant
    • fusion of increasingly heavier elements up until iron
    • fusion stops
    • Supernova of red super giant
  • -really massive stars become a Black Hole
    • bigger then sun but not massive stars become a Neutron Star
22
Q

what is continually changing when an object is moving in a circle, what does this mean

A

its direction which means its also has a constantly changing velocity ( but not speed) so it must be constantly accelerating and therefor have a resultant force acting upon it

23
Q

what is the name of the resultant force acting on objects in a circular orbit

A

centripetal force

24
Q

where is the centripetal force directed on the object and what does this mean

A

directed towards the centre of the object so that the acceleration of the object is also directed towards the centre

25
Q

what provides the resultant force o planets and satellites to keep them in circular orbit

A

gravity

26
Q

what position is the direction of velocity and direction of the resultant force ,of an objection cir ocular orbit, to one another what does this mean

A

direction of velocity is at right angles to the direction of the resultant force therefore the force doesn’t cause the object to speed up it just changes its direction

27
Q

how does an object stay in a stable orbit at a fixed distance from a larger object

A

the smaller object must move at a particular speed

28
Q

when does the radius of an orbit change

A

when the speed of an object in a stable orbit changes

29
Q

what is the relationship between the radius of the orbit and speed of the object in orbit

A

the slower the speed of an object the bigger the radius of the circle it moves in

30
Q

what is red shift

A

the effect that makes wave lengths of light longer if the light source is moving away from the observer

31
Q

what have scientists observed about the light coming from distant galaxies

A

that it has longer waves than expected so is red shifted

32
Q

what does the red shifted galaxies suggest

A

that these galaxies are moving away from us

33
Q

what does red shift tell us and why

A

that the universe is expanding because the longer the wave length the further away the planet is and the more red shifted a planet is the faster the planet is moving away from earth

34
Q

what have scientists observed since 1998 and what does this suggest

A

light from supernovae which shows galaxies are moving away faster and faster suggesting that space is expanding at an increasingly faster rate

35
Q

what evidence is there to support the Big Bang theory

A

red shift and electromagnetic radiation which was produced after the Big Bang

36
Q

what does the Big Bang suggest

A

that the universe started as a extremely hot, dense, small object that exploded

37
Q

what is dark energy possibly responsible for

A

the acceleration of the expansion of the universe

38
Q

what is dark matter possibly responsible for

A

providing the gravitational force holding galaxies together

physics 2 (8 decks)

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