Spaatz AE cards Flashcards
Who invented the kite?
Chinese
Who invented gunpowder?
Chinese
Who used gunpowder for rockets?
Chinese
Where are the winged children from?
Greece and Rome
Where is Pegasus, the winged horse, from?
Greece and Rome
Who are the father and son who escaped from prison, made wings out of feathers and wax and the son flew too close to the son?
Icarus and Daedalus
Who flew in a cage drawn by winged griffins?
Alexander the Great
Who devoted his life to mysteries of flying, gave world descriptions and pictures of flying machines and his manuscripts were found and published 300 years later?
Leonardo da Vinci
In 1709, who invented the hot-air balloon?
Laurenco de Gusmao
In 1766, discovered flammable air (later called hydrogen).
Henry Cavendish
In 1783, who demonstrated a hot-air balloon?
Montgolfier brothers
In 1785, who flew across the English Channel.
Jean Pierre Blanchard and Dr. John Jeffries,
In 1793, what ocurred in Philadelphia? President George Washington and thousands watched.
First American balloon flight
In 1797, who made the first parachute jump from a balloon?
Andre-Jacques Garnerin
First use of balloons by the United States military occurred when?
Civil War
Who constructed a whirling-arm device and tested types of wings, built and flew small model gliders, the forces of lift, drag and thrust and built the first successful full-sized, manned glider?
George Cayley
Who built a 440-pound, man-carrying glider with wings like a sea gull?
John Montgomery
Who built single-winged and two-winged gliders?
Otto Lilienthal
Who attempted to add power to a glider?
Samuel Pierpont Langley
Who achieved success in controlled, sustained and powered flight?
The Wright Brothers
What is the composition of air?
79% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% of several other gases
How far does the atmosphere extends?
100 miles
What is Standard pressure?
14.7 psi
How many degrees Fahrenheit does the temperature decrease every 1,000 feet increase in altitude?
3.5 degrees Fahrenheit
What means how many molecules are squeezed into a given volume?
Density
What is defined as a fluid’s resistance to flow?
Viscosity
What is defined as the smooth pattern around a moving object?
Laminar
What aircraft exceeded the speed of sound on October 14, 1947
X-1
Who discovered the relationship between the pressure and speed of a fluid in motion?
Daniel Bernoulli
Bernoulli’s principle states, as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure ____.
Decreases
What are the four forces of flight?
Lift, thrust, drag and weight
What are a graphical mathematical illustration showing both direction and magnitude?
Vectors
What opposes all motion through the atmosphere?
Drag
What is it called when the air next to a wing’s surface separates, it flows more slowly and loses its lift capability
Stall
What are the axes of an aircraft?
Longitudinal (roll), Lateral (pitch) and Vertical (yaw)
What are the two most common types of engines?
reciprocating and turbine
What is it called when the cycle begins with the piston at top center of the cylinder of a piston?
Intake stroke
What is it called when the crankshaft drives the piston upward in the cylinder compressing the mixture of air and fuel?
Compression stroke
What is it called when the compression stroke is completed and just before the piston reaches its top position, the compressed mixture is ignited by the spark plug?
Ignition and power stroke
What is it called when the second upward stroke, the exhaust valve is opened and the piston forces the burned gases out?
Exhaust stroke
What is the action end of an aircraft’s reciprocating engine?
Propeller
What is the engine that whirls and refers to any type of wheel device that has vanes attached to it?
Turbine engine
What are the four basic type of turbine engines?
Turbojet, Turbofan, Turboprop and Propfan
What takes a small amount of air at the intake and accelerate it to extremely high velocities through the exhaust nozzle.
Turbine Engines
What uses a series of fan-like compressor blades to bring air into the engine and compress it with a series of rotor and stator blades?
Turbojet Engines
What type of engine has one or more rows of compressor blades extending beyond the normal compressor blades?
Turbofan Engines
Is more air pulled into turbofan engines or turbojet engines?
Turbofan Engine
What combines the best features of turbojet and propeller aircraft?
Turboprop Engines
What type of Engine uses the force of inertia to rams air into a streamlined chamber of a fast-flying aircraft?
Ramjet
What are protrusions from the leading edge of a wing? They add to the induced lift of a wing.
Slats
What works to destroy lift? They are located somewhere on the top of the wing.
Spoilers
What are the three classifications of a fuselage?
truss, semimonocoque and monocoque
What type of landing gear consists of two wheels forward and one small wheel in the rear?
Conventional
What type of landing gear has a nose wheel and two wheels, one on each side, underneath where the pilot sits?
Tricycle
What type of landing gear has two sets of wheels located one behind the other on the fuselage?
Tandem
What includes everything that involves delivery of fuel to the engine of an airplane?
Fuel Systems
What type of fuel tank uses gravity to cause the fuel to flow from the tanks downward to the engine?
Gravity feed
What type of fuel tank uses a fuel pump to drive the fuel from the tanks to the engine?
Force-feed
What leads from each tank to distribute the fuel throughout the aircraft?
Fuel lines
What uses water to operate the brakes, the landing gear, move the flight controls, and extend and lower the flaps?
Hydraulic system
What uses electricity to operate the brakes, the landing gear, move the flight controls, and extend and lower the flaps?
Electrical Systems
What to of instruments work by means of direct mechanical linkage?
Mechanical instruments
What type of instruments use compression from fluids like air to get readings?
Pressure instruments
What aircraft instruments operate on the principles of electricity, including magnetism?
Electrical instruments
What measures speed; how fast the engine’s crankshaft is turning?
Tachometer
What instrument measures your height above sea level?
Altimeter
What instrument tells the pilot at what rate the airplane is climbing or descending?
Vertical Velocity Indicator
What type of transport is designed to travel at Mach 5 and greater?
Hypersonic transport
Who continued their experiments and perfected their aircraft? In October 1905, they flew 38 minutes and covered over 24 miles. The flight ended only when they ran out of fuel.
The Wright brothers
In 1907, who became the fastest man on Earth when he set the motorcycle speed record of 136.3 mph? Then he switched his interest to airplanes.
Glenn Curtiss
In 1908, who won the Scientific American Trophy in June Bug?
Glenn Curtiss
1909, who won the Gordon Bennett Trophy in Golden Flyer?
Glenn Curtiss
In 1910, both ____ and ____ opened flying schools.
the Wrights brothers, Glenn Curtiss
In 1910, who became the first president to fly?
Theodore Roosevelt
In 1911, William Randolph Hearst offered $50,000 for flying across the US in 30 days. Who on board the Vin Fiz Flyer completed the journey in 49 days and missed the prize money?
Calbraith Perry Rodgers
In 1911, who became America’s first licensed female pilot?
Harriet Quimby
In 1904, who built a glider and used ailerons to replace the wing-warping technique?
Robert Esnault-Pelterie
In 1906, who flew the first powered airplane in Europe? Two weeks later he flew 722 feet and the press reported it in a positive manner.
Alberto Santos-Dumont
In 1907, who built and flew the world’s first powered monoplane?
Louis Bleroit
In 1911, who was granted patents for the world’s first multiengine aircraft? It had two engines and three propellers and was called the Triple Twin
The Short brothers
In 1913, who built and flew the first four-engine aircraft? It was called the LeGrand.
Igor Sikorsky
In 1907, who built and flew the first helicopter that lifted man into the air?
Louis Breguet
1914, the first regularly scheduled airline service using heavier-than-air craft started. What was the name of this airline?
The St. Petersburg – Tampa Airboat Line
By the end of 1913, the US Army had ____ aircraft and ____ pilots.
19, 29
When did the US enter World War I?
1917
Who was the leading American ace of WWI with 26 kills in only five months of flying? He was the only living American to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor during WWI.
Eddie Rickenbacker
Who was an American aviator who got his start in WWI? He later became the leading enthusiast for aviation, air power and the airplane’s role as an offensive weapon.
Billy Mitchell
What are the eighteen lines going from North to South called
Lines of longitude
What lines on a map have 10 degrees spacing between them from the equator to the poles?
Lines of latitude
Where is the zero degree point for the lines of longitude? What is it called?
Greenwich, England; prime meridian
What is a cylindrical projection of a map?
Mercator
What projection places a cone over the earth and projects the meridians and parallels?
Conic
What is the most commonly used map chart?
Sectional aeronautical chart
What type of map gives important information to pilots, particularly pilots who fly small aircraft over short distances?
Sectional aeronautical chart
What type of charts describe elevation and are depicted by color tints, contour lines and shading?
Relief charts
What type of airport is unpavedand is marked as a magenta circle?
Civilian airport
What type of airport is depicted the same as civilian; only distinguishing feature is theabbreviation for the owning military service?
Military airport
What type of airport shares its runways to civilians and military?
Joint-use airports
What airspace is subject to control by FAA air traffic controllers?
Controlled airspace
What is the name of the Largest area of controlled airspace?
Continental control area
Most control areas are around most ____.
Airports
What are three-dimensional highways in the sky?
Airways
What is the line or series of lines that the navigator indicates the airplane will follow?
The True-course Line
What is the only non-electronic means the pilot has of determining the airplane’s distance over the surface?
Altimeter
What tells the pilot how fast the airplane is flying through the air?
True Airspeed
What is a measure of how fast your aircraft is going across the surface of the Earth?
Ground speed
What involves the systematic consideration of all factors that will and could affect the flight?
Dead reckoning
What is an aid to navigation because it is the pilot’s communication’s link with FAA personnel?
The Aircraft Radio
What is the total system that includes the airplane receivers and the ground stations working together to help the pilot navigate?
The VOR System
What is a complete navigation system that is used by large cargo ships and many small, privately owned sea craft? It is also used by aircraft as a means of navigation
Long-range Navigation (LORAN)
What consists of roughly 24 satellites in orbit around the Earth, several ground tracking stations and a receiver in the aircraft? It is used to find the aircrafts exact spot on earth.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
What is the military’s encoded signal for the GPS?
Precise Positioning System (PPS)
What is the civilian public’s signal for the GPS?
Standard Positioning System (SPS)
What is a computer-controlled navigation system that allows pilots to fly directly from the airport of origin to the destination airport without passing over a single VOR station?
The Area Navigation System (RNAV)
What is used only within a short distance from the airport and only when the purpose is to land the airplane?
The Instrument Landing System (ILS)
In Europe, what system is replacing the ILS? It is more efficient than the ILS
Microwave Landing System (MLS)
What is the name of the part of the airport that airplanes take off from?
Runway
What are the roads that aircraft use to get to the runway?
Taxiways
What are the parking lots for the aircraft?
Ramps; Hangers
What part of the airport gives the aircraft permission for take off and landing
Control Tower
What is the place where the passengers check in with their airline tickets?
Passenger Terminal
What were ex–military pilots who flew war-surplus planes? They flew over small towns, then landed on nearby farms, and took people for rides
Barnstormers
In 1924, who flew coast-to-coast, 2850 miles in 21 hours and 47 minutes?
Army Lieutenant Russell Maughan
Women’s Air Derby led to the formation of an association of women fliers called what? Who was the first president?
Ninety-Nines; Amelia Earhart
When did the Post Office Department begin airmail service?
1918
The first airmail route was between _____ and _____.
Washington DC; New York City
Who was first person to cross the Atlantic solo?
Charles Lindbergh
Who first woman passenger to fly the Atlantic in 1928?
Amelia Earhart
In 1929, who performed the first successful “blind” takeoff and landing?
James Doolittle
In 1927, what was formed to fly the first airmail route between Key West, Florida and Havana, Cuba?
Pan American Airways
Who came up with the idea of civilian-operated, Army supervised flight schools?
General Hap Arnold
What is the envelope of air surrounding the Earth?
Atmosphere
What atmospheric region is where people live and where most weather occurs? It extends to about 10 miles or 55,000 feet at the equator and to 28,000 feet at the poles.
Troposphere
What atmospheric region begins at about 10 miles and extends to about 30 miles?
Stratosphere
What atmospheric region starts at the top of the stratopause and at first shows a marked increase in temperature to 10C, then it decreases until at about 50 miles altitude the temperature drops to as low as -90C.
Mesosphere
What atmospheric region starts at about 50 miles and goes to about 300 miles?
Thermosphere
Water is found mostly in what atmospheric region?
Troposphere
What means that the parcel of air is holding all the water vapor it can?
Saturated
What is the temperature at which saturation occurs called?
Dew-point
What is it called when a gas is converted to a liquid?
Condensation
What is the process by which liquid water molecules change to a gas or water vapor?
Evaporation
What is the amount of water vapor or moisture in the air?
Humidity
Clouds, fog, dew and frost are forms of what?
Condensation
Rain, sleet, snow and hail are forms of what?
Precipitation
What is the total energy of all moving molecules within a substance?
Heat
What is heating by direct contact?
Conduction
What heat transfer by vertical motion?
Convection
What is heating by lateral transfer?
Advection
What is heating transferred by the Sun?
Radiation
What is a huge body of air that generally has the same temperature and moisture content with the entire mass?
Air mass
What are the boundaries between air masses of different characteristics?
Fronts
What type of front comes in and pushes the warmer air aloft and out?
cold front
What type of front comes in and moves over the cooler air?
Warm front
What is a front called when there isn’t much of a difference between the air masses and neither one will replace the other for a while?
Stationary Front
What type of front occurs when a warm air mass lies between two cold air masses?
Occluded
What are the three basic cloud type?
Cumulus, stratus and cirrus
What is a cloud that touches the ground?
Fog
What are the three stages of a thunderstorm?
Cumulus stage, mature stage and dissipating stage
What treaty prevented Germany from building military aircraft after WWI? However, they were allowed to build civilian aircraft, which they did.
Treaty of Versailles
What strategy combined planes and tanks and moved fast, capturing land or personnel quickly?
Blitzkrieg
What were the two aircraft battles that stopped the advancement of Japan?
Battle of Coral Sea and the Battle of Midway
The Chinese first used rockets when?
1220
Who added flight-stabilizing guide sticks to the rockets and built the first launching pad?
Colonel William Congreve
Who developed a technique called spin stabilization for rockets?
William Hale
Early in the 20th century, who conducted many rocket experiments? He was the first to use liquid propellants, which became the forerunner for today’s rockets. He is known as the father of modern rocketry.
Dr. Robert Goddard
What are the four major systems of a rocket?
Airframe system, Propulsion system, Guidance system and Control system
What is a path described by one body in its revolution about another body?
Orbit
What is an orbit that maintains a virtually constant altitude above the Earth’s surface?
Circular orbit
What is the point on the orbit where the object is the farthest away from the body being orbited
Apogee
What is the point where the object is the closest to the body being orbited?
Perigee
What means the velocity required in order to travel a certain path?
Velocity Requirements
What adds all velocity requirements for all stages of the mission?
Total Velocity Requirement
What is concerned with propelling an object from one place on Earth’s surface to another place or target on Earth’s surface?
Ballistic flight
The trajectory of a what rocket is straight up?
Sounding rocket
What is a practical method of space maneuver?
The Hohmann Transfer
What type of orbit keeps the satellite in an orbit stationed above one point on the Earth’s surface?
Geostationary Orbit
What type of orbit involves a path that crosses or nearly crosses the North and South Poles during each orbit?
Polar Orbit
The Cold War was between what countries?
US and the Soviet Union
In July 1947 with the what Act did the Air Force become a separate branch of the military?
National Security Act
Who designed the first turbojet engine in 1937?
Frank Whittle
What was the first successful military helicopter?
The Sikorsky R-4
When did North Korea, an ally of the Soviet Union, invade South Korea?
Jun-50
What was the world’s first jet turboprop airliner?
Vickers Viscount
By the end of the 1950s, what was the number one general aviation manufacturer?
Cessna
In October 1947, who penetrated the sound barrier? He flew at 670 mph at 42,000 feet.
Chuck Yeager
In 1953, what fighter was produced? It was the first production supersonic fighter.
F-100 Super Sabre
What happened in phase I of the Vietname Conflict?
US gave France $15 million to fight the spread of communism in Vietnam
What happened in phase II of the Vietname Conflict?
US began fighting in Vietname.
What happened in phase III of the Vietname Conflict?
Operation Rolling Thunder started and it lasted 3 years.
What happened in phase IV of the Vietname Conflict?
US started leaving Viatname when North Viatname decided to attack again. Operation Linebacker comenced and North Viatname was pushed to surrender but they didn’t. Linebacker II comenced until North Viatname surrendered.
Why did the Cold War end?
Because the Berlin wall fell and the Soviet Union economy collapsed.
in August 1990, what was Operation Desert Shield?
President Bush trying to stop Iraq from defeating Kiwait over an oil dispute.
What were the objectives of operation desert shield?
Deter further Iraqi aggression and defend Saudi Arabia.
What was Operation Desert Storm?
It was the coninuation of Desert Shield and it was the start of the war with Iraq.
What begins where the Earth’s atmosphere leaves off?
Space
What is the space between the Earth and the moon called?
Cislunar Space
What is the space called from the center of the Sun to the orbit of its outermost planet?
Interplanetary Space
What is the space between the extent of one solar system, and the beginning of another solar system?
Interstellar Space
What is the diameter of the Sun?
864,000 miles
What are energetic charged particles from all over the galaxy that continuously rain down upon the Earth?
Cosmic Rays
What are the product of interaction between the Sun and the Earth?
Van Allen Radiation Belts
What is the closest planet to the Sun?
Mercury
What planet has a rocky crusty surface with many craters?
Mercury
What planet is closest to earth by distance and size?
Venus
What is the only planet known to rotate clockwise?
Venus
What planet is covered with a thick blanket of clouds made of water vapor and sulfuric acid?
Venus
What is the hottest planet?
Venus; 900 °F
How much of the Earth is covered with water?
70%
What planet is covered with deserts, high mountains, deep craters and huge volcanoes?
Mars
What is the biggest planet?
Jupiter
What causes high winds and giant storms on Jupiter?
The planets quick 10 hour rotation
How many moons does Jupiter have?
16 moons
What planet is known for its rings?
Saturn
What moon or Saturn has an atmosphere?
Titan
The outer layer of what planet consists of hydrogen and helium? Methane is also present in the upper atmosphere. This gives the planet a bluish greenish color
Uranus
What planet rotates every 18 hours and spins sideways?
Uranus
What planet is about 3 billion miles from the Sun?
Neptune
What planet is the windiest in the soler system?
Neptune
What planet is yellowish in color?
Pluto
What planet is 50%-75% rock mixed with ice?
Pluto
What planet’s temperature varies widely because its orbit?
Pluto
What are rocky and metallic objects orbiting the Sun?
Asteroids
What is a small, irregularly shaped body whose tiny nucleus is composed of water, ice, rock and frozen gases?
Comets
What are bits and clumps of matter that orbit the Sun?
Meteoroids
When a meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere it is called what?
Meteor
What is the name of our galaxy?
The Milky Way
What are stars that are not stable?
Novas
What occurs when a star gives up great mass in one giant explosion of light and energy?
Supernova
What is the name of the Air Force, Navy and NACA joint project to build an airplane that would fly at 4,500 mph and reach 250,000 feet?
X-15
In 1954, what was the name of the aircraft that the US wanted to build that would be a supersonic replacement for the B-52? It was later canceled.
XB-70
In 1954, what aircraft did Boeing unveil?
Boeing 707
In 1954, Douglas introduced what aircraft?
DC-8
In 1963, Boeing introduced what aircraft?
Boeing 727
In 1966, Boeing introduced what aircraft?
Boeing 747
In 1949, the who exploded its first atom bomb?
Soviet Union
What is the name of the first artificial satellite?
Sputnik 1
On December 6, 1957, the US launched what satillite? What happened to it?
Vanguard; It exploded
What was America’s first satillite launch?
Explorer 1
When was NASA established?
1958
What are the four catgories of satillites?
communication, navigation, observation and scientific
What does INTELSAT stand for? What is the purpose of this organization?
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization; It links the world’s telecommunications networks together via a global satellite system of geostationary satellites
Galaxy 1 was dedicated to distributing what?
Cable television programming
What does TDRSS stand for? It is designed to provide what for the Space Shuttle and up to 25 other NASA low-Earth-orbiting spacecraft?
Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System; simultaneous full-time coverage
What was the purpose of TRANSIT?
It was designed to update the inertial navigation system on Polaris submarines
TIMATION is used for what?
Determining longitude and latitude
NAVSTAR GPS is used for what?
It provides navigation and timing information
What was the first weather satellite?
Tiros 1
What spacecraft flies by, orbits or lands on a celestial body, other than Earth?
Probe
What satillites provided the first close-up pictures of the Moon?
Rangers
What was the name of America’s first manned space flight program?
Project Mercury
Who was the first American in space?
Alan Shepard
Who was the first American to orbit the Earth?
John Glenn
What space project improved techniques needed for a lunar mission, put two persons in space, rendezvous and dock with another spacecraft, and achieved the first walk in space?
Project Gemini
What project had the objective of putting a man on the moon?
Project Apollo
Who was the first man to walk on the Moon?
Neil Armstrong
what provides a system for transportation into space and a return back to Earth and be used again?
Space Shuttle
Who was the first man in space?
Major Yuri Gagarin
Who was the first person to walk in space?
Alexei Leonov
What space lab provides a permanent laboratory where gravity, temperature and pressure can be manipulated to achieve a variety of scientific and engineering pursuits that are impossible in ground-based laboratories?
International Space Station
