SPA 660 Test 3

Question 1

___% of children with phonological disorders also have a language disorder?

Answer 1

50%

Question 2

Children with SSD have difficulties with reading readiness and spelling difficulties; true or false?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Written language is based on spoken language to decode or encode, a child has to understand two things?

Answer 3

• PA
• PGC

Question 4

Children with cleft palate usually have frequent otitis media and mild-moderate hearing loss, why?

Answer 4

• problems with the structure or function of the Eustachian tube mechanism
• reported shorter or more horizontal Eustachian tubes in children with clefts of the palate compared to children without clefts

Question 5

What percentage of children have a pure tone average below normal limit?

Answer 5

2.65%

Question 6

What is the frequency range where most speech sounds occurs?

Answer 6

500-4k Hertz

Question 7

What are the aspects of hearing loss that influence speech perception and production?

Answer 7

• Level of hearing sensitivity
• Speech recognition ability
• Configuration of hearing loss

Question 8

Severe hearing loss at birth makes it difficulty for ____ acquisition of language and specialized instruction and _________ are necessary.

Answer 8

Normal, intervention

Question 9

Hearing loss after language has been acquired individual usually maintains sound production patterns for a time but frequently their _________ skills deteriorate.

Answer 9

Articulatory

Question 10

Hearing loss post lingual stage

Answer 10

Eventual deterioration in articulatory skills, particularly high frequency
- sibilant sounds, even with amplification

Question 11

Hearing loss causes what kind of problems at the segmental level?

Answer 11

• Errors on both vowels and consonants
• Vowels; tense lax, substitutions, omissions, substitutions of vowels for diphthongs for vowels (diphthongization) and schwa-like substitutions (neutralization, hyper nasality)
• Consonant errors; trouble with voiced-voiceless distinction, substitutions (voice-voiceless, nasal, oral, fricative-stop), omission of initial and final consonants, omission of /s/ in all contexts, distortions, and inappropriate nasalization.

Question 12

Hearing loss causes what kind of problems at the supra-segmental level?

Answer 12

• Moderate-severe-profound hearing loss; generally speak at a slower rate, frequent pauses, stress patterns differ, use too high or too low of a pitch, nonstandard inflection, harsh or breathy voice quality and hypo/hypernasal

Question 13

Dysarthria

Answer 13

Neurologic motor speech impairments characterized by slow, weak, imprecise and or uncoordinated movements of the speech musculature
* Paralysis
* Weakness
* Incoordination of speech musculature
* Phonemes misarticulated in spontaneous speech are laso likely to be misarticulated in other situations, such as reading and imitation tasks

Question 14

Apraxia

Answer 14

• A motor speech disorder also caused by brain damage, but it is differentiated from the dysarthria’s and described as a separate clinical entity
• Characterized by impairment of motor speech programming with little or no weakness paralysis or incoordination of the speech musculature
• Apraxia primarily affects articulatory abilities with secondary prosodic alterations

Question 15

Biggest differences between dysarthria and apraxia

Answer 15

• apraxia has inconsistent errors
• apraxia has difficulty sequencing phonemes and disrupted transitions
• apraxia has no muscle weakness
• apraxia is common with aphasia
• apraxia has slow progress in therapy