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Physics > SP4 Waves > Flashcards

SP4 Waves Flashcards

1
Q

How do transverse waves move

A

Perpendicular to the direction

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2
Q

How do longitudinal waves move

A

Parallel to the direction

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3
Q

What is frequency

A

Wave frequency is the number of waves that pass a certain point each second

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4
Q

What is frequency measured in

A

Hz

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5
Q

What is the period

A

The length of time it takes one wave to pass a given point

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6
Q

What is the wavelength

A

The distance between a point on one wave and a point in the same position on the next wave

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7
Q

What is the amplitude

A

The maximum distance of a point on the wave away from its rest position

The greater the amplitude the louder the sound

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8
Q

What waves are transverse

A

Waves on the surface of water

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9
Q

What waves are longitudinal

A

Sound waves

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10
Q

What is the velocity

A

The speed of the wave in the direction it is travelling

Waves travel at different speeds in different materials

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11
Q

How do you calculate the speed of a wave

A

speed = distance / time

speed = frequency × wavelength

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12
Q

What is refraction

A

The change in direction of light across different materials

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13
Q

Where does refraction happen

A

The interface

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14
Q

Does light travel faster or slower in air than it does in glass or water

A

Faster

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15
Q

How does the bend in refraction differ

A

The greater the difference in speed between the two media the more the light is bent

The light bends towards the normal when it slows down

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16
Q

What happens when a wave is reflected

A

It bounces off the material

17
Q

What happens when a wave is refracted

A

The wave passes into the material but changes the direction in which it is travelling

18
Q

What happens when a wave is transmitted

A

The wave passes through the material and is not absorbed or reflected

19
Q

What happens when a wave is absorbed

A

The wave disappears as the energy it is carrying is transferred to the material

20
Q

How do our ears pick up sound

A

The eardrum is a thin membrane which vibrates

Vibrations are passed onto tiny bones which amplify the vibrations

The vibrations are passed onto the liquid inside the cochlea

Tiny hairs inside the cochlea detect these vibrations and create electrical signals called impulses

Impulses travel along neurons in the auditory nerve to reach the brain

21
Q

What is the cochlea

A

A couled tube inside our ear containing a liquid. It can detect the different frequencies of sound reaching the ear.

22
Q

What range of frequencies can be heard by humans

A

20Hz to 20000Hz

23
Q

What regions of the cochlea pick up which frequencies

A

The base (where it is thicker) picks up higher frequency sounds and the apex (where it is thinner) picks up lower frequency sounds

24
Q

Why is it important that different parts of the membrane in the cochlea have different stiffness

A

Different thicknesses of the membrane vibrate best at certain frequencies

25
Q

What is ultrasound

A

Humans can detect sounds up to 20000Hz so waves with higher frequencies than this are called ultrasound

26
Q

When is ultrasound used

A

Some animals use ultrasound to communicate with eachother and some animals use it to detect objects around them with it

27
Q

What are ultrasound scans and when do we use them

A

Ultrasound can be used to make images of things inside the body for example a scan of a developing fetus in the womb. We use them to see how well the fetus is developing.

28
Q

What is sonar equipment

A

Sonar equipment on boats is used to detect the depth of water. It sends waves of sound to the sea bed and waits for the waves to be reflected and picked up by the microphone beneath the boat

29
Q

How can sonar be used to detect depth

A

Depth = (distance = speed ÷ time) ÷2

30
Q

What is infrasound

A

Humans can hear frequencies of 20Hz-20000Hz so sounds below 20Hz are infrasound

Physics (2 decks)

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