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Physics > SP3 Conservation of Energy > Flashcards

SP3 Conservation of Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy can be stored, transferred between stores, and dissipated, but it cana never be created or destroyed.

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2
Q

What are the 8 energy stores?

A
  1. Kinetic
  2. Thermal
  3. Chemical
  4. Gravitational Potential
  5. Elastic Potential
  6. Nuclear
  7. Magnetic
  8. Electrostatic

(King Timothee Came Galloping Enthusiastically Near Mount Etna)

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3
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy in a moving object

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4
Q

Kinetic energy (J) =
KE =

A

0.5 x Mass (kg) x Velocity ² (m/s) ²
0.5 x m x v²

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5
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

Energy in any object (more in a heated object)

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6
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Anything that can release energy by a chemical reaction

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7
Q

What is gravitational potential energy?

A

Anything in a gravitational field.

Raised objects store energy in GPE stores.
The higher the object is lifted, the more energy is transferred to this store.

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8
Q

Δ Gravitational Potential Energy (J) =
Δ GPE =

A

Mass (kg) x Gravitational Field Strength (N/kg) x Δ Vertical Height (m)
m x g x Δh

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9
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

Anything stretched e.g. springs, rubber bands

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10
Q

What is nuclear energy?

A

Energy in the nucleus of an atom (aka atomic energy)

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11
Q

What is magnetic energy?

A

Energy between magnets of different poles

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12
Q

What is electrostatic energy?

A

E.g. two charges that attract and repel each other

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13
Q

What are the 4 energy transfers?

A
  1. Radiation
  2. Mechanical
  3. Electrical
  4. Heating

(Red Motorbikes Excite Humans)

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14
Q

What is radiation as an energy transfer?

A

Energy transferred by waves

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15
Q

What is mechanical as an energy transfer?

A

A force acting on an object and doing work

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16
Q

What is electrical as an energy transfer?

A

A charge doing work

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17
Q

What is heating as an energy transfer?

A

Energy transferred from a hot to cold object

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18
Q

Efficiency =

A

Useful energy transferred by the device (J) / Total energy supplied to the device (J)

Given as a number between 0 and 1
The higher the number, the more efficient the machine.

19
Q

What are the 3 methods of heat trasnferal?

A
  1. Conduction
  2. Convection
  3. Radiation
20
Q

What is conduction?

A
  1. Happens in solids
  2. Happens because of vibrations of particles due to heating
  3. The vibration moves along the material, moving the heat energy
21
Q

What is convection?

A
  1. Happens in liquids and gases
  2. Hot material rises and spreads out
  3. This creates a cycle called a convection current
22
Q

What is radiation?

A
  1. Doesn’t need particles (can travle through a vacuum)
  2. Is infrared rays
  3. Travels in straight lines
23
Q

What is a conductor?

A

Material where heat and electricity can pass through easily

24
Q

What is an insulator?

A

Material where heat and electricity can’t pass through easily

25
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

A measure of how quickly energy is transferred via conduction through a material

26
Q

What are thermal conductors?

A

Materials with high thermal conductivity

27
Q

What are thermal insulators?

A

Materials with low thermal conductivity

28
Q

What are non-renewable resources and some examples of them?

A

Resources that are not replenished, they will run out.
1. Nuclear fuels: Uranium, Plutonium
2. Fossil fuels: Coal, Oil, Natural Gas

29
Q

What are renewable resources and some examples of them?

A

Resoucres that are replenished, they won’t run out.
1. Solar
2. Hydro-electricity
3. Wind Power
4. Tidal
5. Biofuels

30
Q

What are the advantages of nuclear fuels?

A
  1. they are clean - produce no harmful gases
  2. reliable
  3. cheap
31
Q

What are the disadvantages of nuclear fuels?

A
  1. radioactivity exposure is bad
  2. overall cost is high
32
Q

What are the advantages of fossil fuels?

A
  1. readily available in large amounts
  2. reliable
  3. cost effective
  4. low running costs and fuel extraction costs
33
Q

What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A
  1. release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming
  2. release sulfure dioxide - causes acid rain
  3. oil spillages - cause environmental problems
34
Q

What are the advantages of solar cells?

A
  1. directly into electrical energy
  2. energy is free
  3. no pollution
  4. can be used in power stations
35
Q

What are the disadvantages of solar cells?

A
  1. not available all the time
  2. initial costs are high
  3. small scale of energy generated
  4. only generates in daytime
36
Q

What are the advantages of hydro-electricity?

A
  1. available at most time
  2. can be stopped and startted quickly unlike fossil fuel power stations
37
Q

What are the disadvantages of hydro-electricity?

A
  1. impact on environment - possible loss of habitat
  2. inconvenient
  3. needs constant supply of water
  4. flooding
38
Q

What are the advantages of wind power?

A
  1. can be used to generate a lot of electricity
  2. produces as much energy as fossil fuel power stations
  3. 70-85% of he time produces energy
39
Q

What are the disadvantages of wind power?

A
  1. works as long as wind speed isn’t too fast/slow
  2. noisy
  3. a lot of turbines needed
  4. spoils landscape
40
Q

What are the advantages of tidal power?

A
  1. reliable because we can predict when we can use them (happens twice a day)
  2. fuel cost is low
41
Q

What are the disadvantages of tidal power?

A
  1. not available at all times
  2. not many places available in the UK
  3. may affectr birds/other wildlife
42
Q

What are the advantages of biofuels?

A
  1. can be used from naturally available animal wastes, plants, waste woods
  2. reliable
43
Q

What are the disadvantages of biofuels?

A
  1. can’t respond to immediate energy demands
  2. land is cleared for it - loss of habitat
  3. carbon dioxide emissions affect environment

Physics (8 decks)

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