SP1 Motion Flashcards
SP1a
1) What is a vector?
2) What are 5 examples of vector quantities?
3) What is a scalar?
3) What are 5 examples of scalar quantities?
1) A vector is a physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
2) Example of vector quantities include: velocity, acceleration, forces, displacement, weight and momentum.
3) A scalar is a physical quantity that has magnitude (size) but no direction.
4) Scalar quantities include: mass, distance, speed and energy.
SP1a
1) What is the difference between distance and displacement?
2) What is momentum?
3) What is force?
4) What is energy?
1) Distance is a measure of how far an object has travelled from its starting point, and is a scalar. Displacement is the distance moved in a straight line, in a given direction, from the starting point. It is a vector quantity.
2) Momentum is the mass of an object multiplied by its velocity.
3) A force is a push pull or twist, and is a vector.
4) Energy is ability to do work.
SP1b
1) What is speed?
2) What are common units for speed?
3) What is the formula for speed?
4) What is the speed of sound in air?
1) Speed is how quickly something travels.
2) Common units for speed include: metres per second (m/s), kilometres per hour (km/h), and miles per hour (mph).
3) Speed (m/s) = distance (m) / time (s)
4) The speed of sound in air is 330 m/s.
SP1b
1) What does a straight, sloping line mean on a distance/time graph?
2) What does a horizontal line mean on a distance/time graph?
3) What is a gradient?
4) What is the formula to calculate speed on a distance/time graph?
1) A straight, sloping line on a graph mean that an object is travelling at a constant pace. The steeper the line, the faster the object is moving.
2) Horizontal lines mean that an object is stationary (not moving).
3) A gradient is how steep a line is on a graph.
4) Speed (m/s) = vertical difference between two points on a graph (m) / horizontal difference between two points on a graph (s) (change in y/ change in x)
SP1b
What are the typical speeds in m/s for the following:
1) Walking?
2) Running?
3) Cycling?
4) Travelling by car?
1) Walking = 1 m/s
2) Running = 5 m/s
3) Cycling = 7 m/s
4) Travelling by car = 15 m/s
SP1c
1) What is acceleration and its units?
2) What is deceleration?
3) What is the acceleration of an object in free fall, and why does it fall?
4) How fast will a cyclist accelerate on average?
1) Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity. The units for acceleration is m/s ² (metres per second squared)
2) Deceleration is when an object is slowing down, and has a negative acceleration.
3) The acceleration in free fall is 10 m/s², its symbol is g, and an object in free fall moves down due to gravity acting on it.
4) A cyclist accelerate on average 7 m/s².
SP1c
1) What is the formula relating acceleration, velocity and time?
2) In the formula relating acceleration, velocity and time, what do the letters stand for?
3) What is the equation relating acceleration, velocity and distance (you will be given this equation in the exam)?
1) Acceleration (m/s²) = change in velocity (m/s) / time taken (s).
2) In the equation a = v-u/t, v is the final velocity, u is the initial velocity, and t is the time taken for the change in velocity.
3) (final velocity) ² (units: (m/s) ²) - (initial velocity) ² (units: (m/s) ²) = 2 x acceleration (units: (m/s ²)) x distance (m)
SP1d
1) What does a horizontal line mean in a velocity/ time graph?
2) What does a line sloping upwards mean in a velocity/ time graph?
3) What does a line sloping downwards mean in a velocity/ time graph?
4) What does a line below the horizontal axis mean in a velocity/ time graph?
1) A horizontal line means that the object is travelling at a constant velocity
2) A line sloping upwards means that the object is accelerating.
3) A line sloping downwards to the right means that the object is decelerating (slowing down).
4) A negative velocity (a line below the horizontal axis) means that the object is moving in the opposite direction.
SP1d
1) What is velocity?
2) How can the changing velocity of an object be shown?
3) How can the distance of the object be calculated on a velocity/ time graph, for graphs with straight and curved lines?
1) Velocity is speed in a particular direction.
2) The changing velocity of an object can be shown using a velocity/ time graph.
3) The distance travelled on a velocity/ time graph that has straight lines is calculated by finding the area of the shape below the line. The area of the triangle and rectangle are calculated separately, but then added together.
For a graph with curved lines, find the value that the length and width of the squares represent, for example 1s and 1m/s, and multiply these together to find the area. Then, count the squares underneath and multiply this by the area of one square.
1) How do you show an acceleration at an increasing rate on a velocity/time graph?
2) How do you show deceleration at an increasing rate on a velocity/time graph?
3) Which quantity is represented by the area under a velocity/time graph?
4) How to increase accuracy when measuring with a stopwatch?
1) The graph will curve upwards, with it getting steeper over time, so that it is almost vertical when it reaches the top.
2) The graph will curve downwards, with it getting steeper over time, so that it is almost vertical when it reaches the bottom.
3) Distance is represented by the area under a velocity/time graph.
4) By making sure that the object is measured from the same point every time.
