SP

Question 1

What search agencies are there?

Answer 1

RNLI, HMCG, POL, MOD, RED CROSS, SAMARITANS, ALSAR, MTR, NSARDA, SKYWATCH, CHAPLAINS, UKHMA

Question 2

Why are searches an emergency?

Answer 2

Casualty may only be responsive for a short time or may need protection from themselves.

Time and weather will destroy clues.

An urgent response minimizes the search area and difficulty .

An urgent response also allows for a more efficient search techniques.

Question 3

What are the steps of information gathering?

Answer 3

Validation, Analysis, Assessment.

Question 4

What are the four kind of Land search clues?

Answer 4

Physical, Recorded, People, Event

Question 5

What are the parts of a reflex model?

Answer 5

Axle (300-500m), Hub, Rim, Spokes, Reflectors.

Question 6

What should be evaluated when planning the Search Area ? (land)

Answer 6

Physical limits, Personal ability, Equipment and clothing, mental state, Clues.

Question 7

What information is used in Search Planning?

Answer 7

Last known position

Course & Speed

Drift Start point

Casualty Intentions

Search Object

Lifesaving Equipment

Windspeed

Wind Direction

Tide Direction and rate

Search Equipment of SRU’s

On scene arrival time of SRU’s

On scene endurance of SRU’s

Sunrise/Sunset Times

Twilight time

Hazards

Sea State

Visibility

Question 8

What is Rapid Response vs Datum Area search?

Answer 8

Rapid response - Leeway without divergence. <1h

Datum Area – Leeway with divergence >1h

Question 9

Types of Rapid response searches:

Answer 9

Expanding Square - proximate

Sector Search – physical datum

Question 10

Types of Datum Area Searches:

Answer 10

Parallel Track - Along Length

Creeping Line - Along width

Track Line – Part Parallel

Estuary Search - Increasing parallel track

Barrier Search - Goal keeper

Shoreline Search

Multi-Unit Parallel Track

Question 11

5 Sources for Datum area searches

Answer 11

Datum Line – Known point of origin and intended destination. LKP over 1 hour.

Back Track – Investigation into unknown point of origin. To determine DSP for other object.

Flare – Flare Search area

EISEC – Phone data

Remote Radio Site – From Signal Strength

Question 12

Sweep width Correction Factors

Answer 12

Size of object

Sea State

Wind Speed

Aircraft Altitude

Aircraft Speed

Fatigue

Detection Aids.

Question 13

What factors affect the datum area?

Answer 13

Area

Velocity

Number

Spacing

Time

Question 14

What is coverage factor and what does it relate to?

Answer 14

how well the Search Area is covered.
1Cf = POD 79%
Cf= Wc/S

Question 15

What is TAPSIC?

Answer 15

Search Instructions for Additional Assets
Target

Area

Pattern

Search Details

Information

Communications

Question 16

LB equipment

Answer 16

Severn, Tamar ,Trent - Large ALB – fitted with radar, DF, ais, e-nav, crew of 6. with a y-boat.

Shannon, Mersey - Small ALB – Same as above without y boat.

B-class, Atlantic 85 –radar, DF, ais, +3 crew

D-class – ais, +3crew

Question 17

What constitutes fatigue?

Answer 17

Early hours, Prolonged search, Multiple Searches, Very Hot or Very Cold conditions, Low POB.

Question 18

What is datum time? what is it for RR and DA?

Answer 18

The time the search are is valid for.
RR: Time the first SRU arrives at CSP.
DA: Mid-search time.

Question 19

What is the Rapid Response Process?

Answer 19

Plot DSP

Plot Tidal Vector

Calculate the Leeway value

Plot the Leeway value

Datum point acquired

Draw the error radius

Box off the area

Label the corners

Question 20

Two information gathering form types

Answer 20

Lost person details form

Search Urgency Assessment

Question 21

SRU search info (4)

Answer 21

Equipment
O/S arrival time

O/S endurance
Hazards

Question 22

Factors in expanding square searches

Answer 22

Surface vessels impacted by drift

Stopwatch and compass used

Question 23

Sector search…

Answer 23

Requires a datum object

High coverage in small area

Question 24

Parallel track is…

Answer 24

longest leg parallel with longest side

Question 25

Creeping line is…

Answer 25

longest leg parallel with shortest side

Question 26

Sweep width definition

Answer 26

Uncorrected sweep width x correction factors

Question 27

Coverage factor definition

Answer 27

Corrected sweep width / track spacing

Question 28

POD definition

Answer 28

likelihood that an SRU will see the object given the conditions

Question 29

Correction factors for sweep width

Answer 29

Object size
Detection aids

Sea state
Wind speed
Aircraft altitude & speed
Fatigue

Question 30

Divergence is…

Answer 30

caused by the wind in relation to exposed and underwater surfaces of the object, causing it to diverge from the downwind track. The angle either side of a mean drift that objects fall between. Dmin & Dmax

Question 31

What is Search Area Evaluation?

Answer 31

Describes the area to be searched. Used within IAMSAR. It is the process of generating the search area.

Question 32

DST

Answer 32

Drift start time. The time when the casualty is known, or estimated, to have first started to drift.

Question 33

DSP

Answer 33

Drift start position. The position the casualty is known, or estimated, to have first started to drift. May be the LKP or a position from DR from a previous fix

Question 34

Search duration

Answer 34

How long the search is going to take. Consider:
Fatigue

Number of searchers
Survival times
Time of day
On-scene endurance

Question 35

Datum position

Answer 35

The most probable location of the casualty at any given time. May be a single point, a set of points, a line, arc or area

Question 36

Datum time

Answer 36

The time for which the search area is valid. For RR will be the time of arrival at datum position of the SRU.

Question 37

DET

Answer 37

Drift elapsed time. The period of time over which the target is drifting - from DST to datum time.