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Italy > Southern Italy > Flashcards

Southern Italy Flashcards

1
Q

What coast does Tuscany lie on?

A

The Tyrrhenian

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2
Q

What is “promiscuous” agriculture?

A

Practiced by the Romans. Crops planted together, in this case, wheat, vines, & olive trees

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3
Q

Historically, what is the name of the bottle used to bottle Chiani?

A

Fiasco

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4
Q

When was the first commercial super tuscan released? By who?

A
  1. Marquis Mario Roquetta released Sassicaia
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5
Q

Who is Piero Antinori and what was his first Super Tuscan bottling?

A

Piero Antinori is Marquis Mario Roquetta’s nephew. His first bottling of Super Tuscan released was called Tignanello

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6
Q

About what percent of Tuscan wine is released at the DOC/DOCG level?

A

60%

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7
Q

How many DOCG zones does Tuscany have?

A

11

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8
Q

What regions have the most DOCG zones?

A

Piedmont (17) -> Veneto (14) -> Tuscany (11)

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9
Q

Traditionally, when aging Sangiovese, what type of casks were used?

A

Large Slovanian

Now modern winemakers are just as likely to be using new barriques

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10
Q

What are the primary red grapes seen in Tuscany?

A

Sangiovese (blended with colorino and caniolo)

As well as cab sauv and merlot, as primary’s or blends

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11
Q

What is the most planted red grape in Tuscany?

A

Sangiovese

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12
Q

When blending is permitted, what grapes do you often seen blended with Sangiovese?

A

Cab Suav (adds color and power)
Merlot
Colorino (adds color and power)
Canaiolo (historically)

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13
Q

What is the Consorzio Vino Chianti Classico’s “Chianti Classico 2000 Project

A

Sangiovese clonal research

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14
Q

What are anthocyanins?

A

The red pigment in grapes (skins or flesh f Teinturier)

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15
Q

Are there many clones of Sangiovese?

A

YES

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16
Q

What is the sole red grape of Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?

A

Sangiovese

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17
Q

What percentage of the wine made in Tuscany is red?

A

85%

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18
Q

What is Trebbiano Toscano’s comment blending partner?

A

Malvasia

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19
Q

Where is the white Vernaccia grape most commonly planted in Tuscany?

A

San Gimignano

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20
Q

Maremma is planting more of which white varietal?

A

Vermentino

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21
Q

When was chianti elevated to DOCG status?

A

1984

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22
Q

What sub zone was added to Chianti DOCG in 1997?

A

Montespertoli by decree

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23
Q

How many sub zones are in Chianti DOCG? When were they created?

A 
8
Classico (1932)
Rùfina (1932)
Colli Fiorentini (1932)
Colli Senesi (1932)
Colline Pisane (1932)
Colli Aretini (1932)
Montalbano (1932)
Montespertoli (1997)
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24
Q

What firm dominates Rufina?

A

Frescobaldi

Rufina is regarded as the most consistent in quality

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25
Q

Pomino DOC with Rufina stands out because:

A

Only 2 producers: Frescobaldi and Fattoria Selvapiana

Larger percentage of international varieties and a range of varietal bottlings

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26
Q

In Chianti DOCG zones, what percentage of Sangiovese is required?

A

70-100%
Max 15% cab sauv

75%-100% in Colli Senesi
Max 10% cab sauv in Colli Senesi

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27
Q

What are the traditional blending grapes of Chianti?

A

Sangiovese, Canaiolo, Malvasia

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28
Q

What is governo?

A

The traditional practice of refermentation with the juice of dried grapes, to strengthen the wine and initiate malolactic fermentation
This is still legally permitted

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29
Q

What are the requirements for Chianti normale, riserva and superiore?

A

Normale: release March 1 after harvest. Min ABV 11.5%
Rùfina, Montespertoli, and Colli Fiorentini require additional aging
Riserva: 2 years of aging
Superiore: require an additional 1/2% degree of ABV and lower vineyard yields

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30
Q

What are the two most common soil types of Chianti Classico DOCG?

A

The soft, friable, marl-like galestro and alberese, or sandstone

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31
Q

What is the minimum amount of Sangiovese required in a Chianti Classico blend?

A

80%

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32
Q

As of the 2006 vintage, what grapes are not allowed in the Chianti Classico blend?

A

White grapes

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33
Q

What are the Chianti Classico DOCG requirements for Normale, Riserva and Gran Selezione?

A

Normale: released Oct 1 after harvest. ABV 12%
Riserva: aged min 24 mos, with 3 mos in bottle. ABV 12.5%
Gran Selezione: 30 mos aging, with 3 mos in bottle. ABV 13%

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34
Q

What is often the choice for aging riserva chianti Classico?

A

Barrique

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35
Q

When was Chianti Classico DOC Gran Selezione category introduced?

A

2013

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36
Q

Who isolated the Brunello clone and bottled it alone? When?

A

Clemente Santi of Tenuta Greppo’s Biondi-Santi 1865

Was released as Brunello Reserva 1888

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37
Q

Brunello di Montalcino is produced from 100% of which grape?

A

Sangiovese Grosso (Brunello)

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38
Q

What are the aging requirements for Brunello di Montalcino?

A

NORMALE: 2 years in cask, 4 mos in bottle. Cannot be released until Jan 1 of 5th year after harvest
RISERVA: 2years in cask, 6 mos in bottle
Cannot be released until Jan 1 of 6th year after harvest

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39
Q

What soils are found in Montalcino?

A

Galestro (hight altitude)
Clay (lower regions)
Fossilized marine deposits scattered throughout

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40
Q

Sant Angelo in Colle, Castelnuovo Abate and Torrenieri are frazioni (suburbs) of which region?

A

Brunello di Montalcino

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41
Q

What region in Brunello di Montalcino exists for white grapes? Which varietal?

A

Moscadello di Montalcino
Varietal: Moscadello
Vinification: Sweet, still, sparkling

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42
Q

The Sant’Animo DOC in Brunello allows producers to create which types of wine?

A

Super Tuscans - Any grapes authorized in Tuscany may be utilized in Sant’Animo

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43
Q

When were Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG and Brunello di Montalcino awarded DOCG status?

A

1980

Two of the first DOCG’s awarded in Italy

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44
Q

What are the varietal requirements for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG?

A

min 70% sangiovese, max 30% other varietals of Tuscany, max 5% white varietal

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45
Q

What are the aging requirements for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG?

A

NORMALE: 2 years min, 1 in wood
RISERVA: 3 years min, 1 in wood??

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46
Q

Where is Morellino di Scansano DOCG located?

A

In the Southern Maremma. Coastal

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47
Q

What grapes are permitted in Morellino di Scansano DOCG?

A

Min 85% sangiovese

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48
Q

When did Morellino di Scansano DOCG receive DOCG status?

A

2006

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49
Q

Southern Maremma used to be an inhospitable swamp. What changed?

A

Mussolini drained it in the 1930’s

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50
Q

Where is Carmignano located?

A

Low altitude region that overlaps with Chianti Montalbano

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51
Q

What grapes are permitted in Carmignano? At what percentages?

A

Sangiovese 50% min

Cab Sauve or Cab Franc 10%-20% REQUIRED

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52
Q

Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG was created in which year? What varietals are used?

A 
Super Tuscan family
2011
Sangiovese
Cab Sauve
Merlot
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53
Q

What region is Sassicaia produced from?

A

Bolgheri in Northern Maremma

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54
Q

What is the base grape for Masseto?

A

Merlot

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55
Q

Who produced Masseto?

A

Tenuta dell’ Ornellaia

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56
Q

Who produced Solaia (cab based)?

A

Piero Antinori

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57
Q

What is Ornellaia?

A

Tenuta dell’ Ornellaia is one of Tuscany’s most prominent Super Tuscan producing estates

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58
Q

Who produced Paleo Rosso? From which grape?

A

Le Macchiole

Cab Franc

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59
Q

Name a wine/producer that released a 100% sangiovese Super Tuscan

A

San Felice’s Vigorello
Montevertine’s Le Pergole Torte
Isole e Olena’s Cepparello

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60
Q

What was a primary motivator to create the IGT category?

A

Super Tuscan’s being labeled as Vino da Tavola

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61
Q

What is the leading white grape for Bolgheri white wines?

A

Vermentino

Sauvignon blanc is also produced in the region

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62
Q

What is the one true monople DOC of Italy?

A

Bolgheri Sassicaia

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63
Q

What type of wine does Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG make?

A

Sweet red passito wine from the Aleatico grape

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64
Q

What is Elba historically known for?

A

Napoleon’s exile in 1814

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65
Q

What is the only white wine DOCG in Tuscany?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano located in the Siena province

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66
Q

What is a traditional dessert wine in Tuscany?

A

Vin Santo

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67
Q

What is Occhio di Pernice?

A

rose vin Santo with 50% min Sangiovese added

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68
Q

What grapes are typically found in Vin Santo?

A

Trebbiano and Malvasia

Sometimes Grechetto is authorized

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69
Q

What’s the process for making Vin Santo?

A

Grapes picked and hung to dry until at least Dec 1 after harvest
A period of slow fermentation and aging in caratelli barrels follows for 3 to 8 years
Traditionally, aging took place in chestnut casks, now oak is used more frequently.
The barrels are never topped
Wines can be sweet or dry depending on length of appassimento process
If fortified, labeled liquoroso

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70
Q

Orvieto DOC is in which region?

A

Umbria

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71
Q

Where is Umbria located?

A

To the south east of Tuscany.
Marche neighbors it on the east
And Latium neighbors in on the south west

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72
Q

What are the primary white grapes in Orvieto DOC?

A

Trebbiano Toscana and Grechetto

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73
Q

Lago di Corbara DOC in Umbria have what type of soils?

A

Tufeau

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74
Q

What are the two most celebrated red wines in Umbria?

A

Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG

Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG

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75
Q

What is the varietal and aging requirements for Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG

A

Varietal: Sagrantino
Aging requriements: min 37 mos, 12 mos in wood
Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG can be produced either secco or passito

76
Q

Marco Caprai and Paolo Bea produce which DOCG wines from Umbria?

A

Sagrantino di Montefalco DOCG

77
Q

Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG is produced from what grape?

A

70-100% Sangiovese

78
Q

Who is the largest produces of Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG?

A

Lungarotti family

79
Q

What are the aging requirements for Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG?

A

minimum 3 years, 6 months in bottle

80
Q

What borders the Marche to the East?

A

The Adriatic sea

81
Q

What borders Marche to the South?

A

Abruzzo

82
Q

What is the most important grape of Marches?

A

Verdicchio

83
Q

What are the aging requirements for Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva DOCG and Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva DOCG?

A

18 mos of aging min

84
Q

What grapes are used in Conera Rosso Riserva DOCG?

A

85% min Montepulciano

15% max sangiovese

85
Q

How long is Conera Rosso Riserva DOCG aged for?

A

2 years

traditionally in botti, now producers are using a percentage of new barriques

86
Q

What color grape is the Vernaccia grape?

A

Red

87
Q

What type of wines are Vernaccia di Serrapetrona DOCG?

A

Sparkling reds either dry or sweet made from 40% passito grapes

88
Q

The Offida DOCG covers wines produced from which grapes?

A

Montepulcino, Pecorino (white), and Passerina (white)

89
Q

What is Abruzzo’s most cultivated varietal?

A

Montepulciano (which is also the second most cultivated grape in Italy)

90
Q

What is Cerasuolo?

A

A name for a rosato version of a Montepulciano

91
Q

Who are Montepulciano d’Abruzzo’s premier producers?

A

Edoardo Valentini and the naturalistic Emidio Pepe

92
Q

In Abruzzo, what’s a synonym for Bombino?

A

Trebbiano d’Abruzzo

93
Q

Name an Abruzzo’s DOCG ?

A

Montepulciano d’Abruzzo Colline Teramane DOCG

94
Q

What are the varietal and aging requirements for Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC and DOCG?

A

DOC: Normale: 85% Montepulciano
DOCG: 90% Montepulciano 2 years aging including 1 in wood
DOCG Riserva: 90% Montepulciano 3 yrs aging, one in wood.

95
Q

What DOC accounts for the majority of Abruzzo’s whites?

A

Trebbiano d’Abruzzo DOC

96
Q

What is a synonym for Latium?

A

Lazio

97
Q

What are the principal grapes in Lazio?

What is the broad DOC that covers much of the region?

A

Trebbiano & Malvasia

Castelli Romani DOC

98
Q

What was Lazio’s first DOCG?

A

Cesanese del Piglio

from the indigenous Cesanese grape - red, peppery, elevated acidity wines

99
Q

The Falesco estate in Montefiascone, Lazio, has international attention and produces which types of wine?

A

International varietals - cab sauv and Merlot

100
Q

How many DOC’s are there in Molise?

Which is the most prominent?

A

4

Biferno DOC - produces reds and rosatos from Montepulciano and Aglianico

101
Q

What is the capital of Marche?

A

Ancona

102
Q

What is the capital of Lazio?

A

Rome

103
Q

Verdiccio di Matelica DOCG is located where in Marche?

A

Inland at a higher elevation than Verdiccio Dei Castelli di Jesi DOCG, which is closer to the sea (and larger)

104
Q

*What is the capital of Molise?

A

Campobasso

105
Q

*What is Falernian?

A

A wine that was produced in the 1st century at the height of the Roman Empire sourced from the slopes of Monte Massico. It was one of the most prominent wines of the ancient world
Made either in a sweet or dry style from the grape Aminean (imported from Greece, now known as Greco)

106
Q

*What kind of soil is found in Falerno del Massico DOC?

What varietals?

A

Volcanic tufa soil
Aglianico, Primitivo (red)
Falanghina (white)

107
Q

What is the capital of Campania?

A

Naples

108
Q

What percentage of Campanian wines are at the DOC level?

A

Less than 10%

109
Q

What are the primary red and white varietals in Campania DOC wines?

A

Red: Aglianicao, Piederosso
White: Falanghina, Greco, Fiano

110
Q

What DOCG’s in Campania show Aglianico as a varietal?

A

Taurasi DOCG and Aglianico del Taburno DOCG

111
Q

*In what province are Taurasi wines produced?

A

Avellino

112
Q

What are the aging requirements for Taurasi wine? Normale and Riserva?

A

Normale: 3 years total, 1 in wood
Riserva: 4 years total, 18 mos in wood

113
Q

Name two Taurasi DOCG producers

A

Mastroberardino
Terredora
Feudi di San Gregorio

114
Q

What are the white two DOCG wines of Campania?

A

Greco di Tufo DOCG

Fiano di Avellino DOCG

115
Q

What are the requirements for Greco di Tufo DOCG wines?

A

85% min Greco
Greco is a lighter but more intensely aromatic grape than Fiano and is grown at higher altitudes to the immediate north of Fiano di Avellino

116
Q

What are the requirements for Fiano di Avellino DOCG wines?

A

85% min Fiano

Fiano is a full-bodied, assertive, resiny grape

117
Q

Falanghina del Sannio DOC produces what type of wines?

A

Dry and sweet passito wines from the Falanghina grape

118
Q

*In the DOCs of Campi Flegrei and Costa d’Amalfi which white grapes are blended?

A

Falanghina and Biancolella

119
Q

Where is Mt Vesuvius located?

A

Campania

120
Q

What grapes consist of the majority of the blend of the Mount Vesuvius DOC wines?

A

coda di volpe; Verdeca

Falanghina can be blended in smaller quantities as well

121
Q

When can Vesuvio DOC wine be labeled as Lacryma Christi del Vesuvio DOC?

A

If the wine reaches 12% ABV

122
Q

What type of wines are made under the Vesuvius DOC?

A

white, rosato, red, sparkling, or fortified

123
Q

*What is a synonym for the Greco grape?

A

Aminean grape

124
Q

*What Campanian DOC is located offshore on the bay of Naples?
What varietals do they produce from?

A

Ischia DOC
Whites: Forastera, Biancolella
Reds: Piedirosso and Guarnaccia (aka Tintore di Tramonti)

125
Q

*How many DOCGs are in Puglia? What are they?

A

4

  • Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva DOCG (65% min Nero (Uva) di Troia)
  • Castel del Monte Nero di Troia Riserva DOCG (90% min Nero (Uva) di Troia)
  • Castel del Monte Bombino Nero DOCG (exclusively rose wine)
  • Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale DOCG,
126
Q

Which seas lie on the coastline of Puglia?

A

Adriatic and Ionian

127
Q

*How does Puglia’s geography differ from the rest of Italy?

A

Least mountainous region in Italy.
Characterized by rolling hills, fertile soil.
Vines were primarily cultivated for mass production, distillate or vermouth

128
Q

When were Puglia’s DOCGs awarded?

A

2011

129
Q

*What is the most cultivated red grape is Puglia?

A

Negroamaro which is prized for its powerful structure and full body

130
Q

Where is the Salento peninsula?

A

The “heel” of Italy’s boot in puglia

131
Q

Primitivo is genetically identical to which grape?

A

Zinfandel

132
Q

What are the requirements for Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale DOCG?

A

Minimum 50 grams per liter of residual sugar, and may be subject to the appassimento process

133
Q

What is Basilicata’s primary wine of note?

A

Aglianico del Vulture DOC

Can produce: dry (acsiutto) or off-dry (amabile) and still or spumante

134
Q

What are the requirements for Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG?

A 
Normale:
min 13.5%
3 years aging
1 in wood
Riserva:
5 year aging
2 in wood
135
Q

*What is the primary soil type found in Aglianico del Vulture DOC? (Basilicata)

A

Volcanic soils

136
Q

What is the primary red grape of Calabria?

A

Gaglioppo

A thick-skinned grape encountered in the reds and rosatos of Cirò DOC, on the Ionian Coast

137
Q

What DOC produces the best examples of Greco (the primary white varietal in Calabria)?

A

Melissa DOC

Although whites account for only 10% of Calabrian wines

138
Q

*Where is the Ciro DOC located and what does it produce?

A

On the Ionian coast in Calabria.

Produces reds and rosatos from the Gaglioppo grape

139
Q

Where is Greco di Bianco DOC located? What does it produce?

A

Calabria.

Sweet wines from the Greco grape, usually partially dried prior to fermentation

140
Q

*What body of water separates Calabria from Sicily?

A

The strait of Messina

141
Q

*In terms of production, where does Sicily stand?

A

Right behind the Veneto as the highest producing region in italy

142
Q

Who “discovered” Marasala? When?

A

Englishman John Woodhouse
1773
He fortified the wine to ensure safe shipment to his home country (back to England)

143
Q

Name a prominent quality focused Marsala producer

A

Marco de Bartoli

144
Q

Where are Sicily’s better vineyards located?

A

At higher altitudes where they can experience large diurnal swings to even the ripening process

145
Q

Name 5 native white grapes to Sicily

A

Catarratto, Inzolia, Grecanico, Carricante, and Grillo

146
Q

*What is Zibibbo a synonym for?

A

Muscat of Alexandria

147
Q

*Name 5 native red grapes to Sicily

A

Nero d’Avola, Frappato, Perricone, Nerello Mascalese and Nerello Cappuccio

148
Q

What is Sicily’s most heavily planted grape?

A

Catarratto (white)

It’s also Italy’s third most cultivated grape

149
Q

*What is the Catarratto grape primarily used for?

A

Marsala blends, the Alcamo Bianco DOC table wines, and juice destined for grape concentrate or distillation

150
Q

What are the dominate varietals in the Etna DOC?

A

Nerello Mascalese (red) and Carricante (white)

151
Q

Where is the Etna DOC located and what is the primary soil type?

A

Eastern Sicily

Well-drained volcanic soils

152
Q

Name a producer in Sicily’s north eastern Faro DOC.

A

Palari

Faro DOC produces blends dominated by Nerello Mascalese

153
Q

What is Sicily’s most planted red grape?

A

Nero d’Avola

154
Q

*Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG requires a blending of which grapes? At what percentage?

A

Nerd d’Avola (50-70%)
Frappato (30-50%the)
DOCG regulations limit maceration in order to maintain the vibrant cherry-red (Cerasuolo) color of the wine

155
Q

Where are the Moscato di Noto and Moscato di Siracusa DOCs located?

A

To the east of Vittoria in southeastern Sicily

156
Q

*What is the capital of Sicily?

A

Palermo

157
Q

*In what styles are Malvasia delle Lipari DOC produced?

A

Sweet, passito and fortified

158
Q

Where are Moscato di Pantelleria DOC and the superior Passito di Pantelleria DOC located?

A

On the island of Pantelleria off the African coast.
Passito di Pantelleria is considered superior and it is said that the wine possessed such character as to dupe the Greek god Apollo into assuming that he was drinking ambrosia—a beverage, reserved for gods, that confers immortality upon the imbiber

159
Q

Which island is to the north of Sardinia?

A

Corsica

160
Q

What are the dominant red varietals in Sardinia?

A

Cannonau (Garnacha, or Grenache) and Carignano (Cariñena, or Carignan)

161
Q

What is the dominant white varietal in Sardinia?

A

Vermentino

162
Q

What is Sardinia’s climate

A

Hot, dry, mediterranean

163
Q

*Which is Sardinia’s sole DOCG zone?

A

Vermentino di Gallura DOCG

164
Q

*What DOCs in Sardinia may produce both still and fortified wines?

A

Malvasia di Bosa DOC and Vernaccia di Oristano DOC

165
Q

*What are the three sub zones of Cannonau di Sardegna DOC?

A

Oliena, Jerzu, and Capo Ferrato

166
Q

What are the requirements for Vermentino di Gallura DOCG?

A

normale: 12% ABV
riserva: 13% ABV
May see oak, but fresher styles are more common

167
Q

Nuragus di Cagliari DOC produces what type of wines?

A

Still wines from the Nuragus grape.

A white grape with tart, apply flavors

168
Q

In which region is Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG located?

A

Sicily

169
Q

*What are the minimal legal requirements of Aglianico for Taurasi DOCG?

A

85%

170
Q

In what region is Galardi’s “Terra di Lavoro” produced?

A 
Campania
An Aglianico (primary) and Piedirosso (secondary) bottling - their sole offering
171
Q

The Vermentino di Gallura DOCG zone is located where?

A

Sardinia

It’s Sardinia’s sole DOCG zone

172
Q

True or False:

Both bianco and rosato spumante styles can be produced under the Etna DOC

A

True

173
Q

Where is Syracuse located?

A

Sicily

174
Q

*Where is Coda di Volpe primarily grown?

A

Vesuvio DOC, Campania

white grape

175
Q

Irpinia, Benevento, and Salerno are provinces in?

A

Campania

176
Q

*A bottle of “Radici” carries what appellation on its label?

A

Taurasi DOCG

Mastroberardino Radici

177
Q

Argiolas and Sella & Mosca are producers located in which region?

A

Sardinia

178
Q

*What is the principal grape variety in the red wines of Salice Salentino DOC in Puglia?

A

Negroamaro

179
Q

Can cab sauv be blended in Chianti DOCG or Chianti Classico DOCG?

A

Yes
Chianti DOCG = 70% sangiovese
Chianti Classico DOCG = 80% sangiovese

180
Q

What does “Vintage” mean in Marsala?

A

The year the wine was fortified

181
Q

Tocai Rosso is a synonym

A

Canonou

182
Q

What is the capital of Calabria?

A

Catanzaro

183
Q

What is the capital of Basilicata?

A

Potenza

184
Q

Mt Taburno is located where?

A

Campania in the commune of Bucciano

185
Q

What is the origin of the Nuraga grape?

A

TBD

186
Q

What is the principal grape in the Faro DOC?

A

Nerello Mascalese

Italy (2 decks)

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