Southeast Asia Flashcards
1
Q
sino-japanese war + Japanese rule in Taiwan
A
- Qing lost to Japanese in war, Japan got Taiwan + surrounding islands. Resistance + uprisings happened, many Taiwanese died
- Taiwan got was industrialized. Taiwan’s resources were used to strengthen Japanese empire, but Taiwanese were treated poorly
- Japanese campaign against indigenous groups in mountains led to Musha Incident = Seediq ppl slaughtered 130 Japanese @ elementary school meet, met w/stern response
2
Q
effects of Musha Incident
A
- led to stronger assimilation of Chinese + indigenous ppl, Japanese treated aboriginals how they treated all inferior races. by the end of Japanese period, 300 000 Japanese had settled in Taiwan
3
Q
Taiwan and WW2
A
- Taiwan was base for Japan, thousands of Taiwanese fought w/Japanese + 2 000 were “comfort women” (sex slaves). intense fighting between USA + Japan happened in Taiwan water, island was heavily bombed. by end, most Japanese settlers were sent back to Japan.
- US Navy ferried KMT from China to accept Japan’s surrender in Taiwan, but Japan never surrendered it to anyone. Uncertainty led Taiwan to call for independence, rejected by KMT. thousands died, martial law arose.
4
Q
civil war in china effects on Taiwan
A
- when China swung in commy’s favour under Mao Dezong, KMT retreated to Taiwan, taking most socioeconomic elites + important Chinese relics. Influx of “waishengren” (Chinese ppl who came to Taiwan after 1945) caused rift between new + old Taiwanese (beshengren). period of “white terror” in which dissent was swiftly dealt with, many Taiwanese went “missing”
5
Q
Korean conflict + taiwan
A
- Harry S. Truman (president) sent American 7th fleet to Taiwan Strait to prevent hostilities between PRC + ROC. fear of domino effect of communism in Taiwan led US to strengthen relations w/ROC, including defensive military alliances
6
Q
apology for atrocities during KMT/commy period
A
- 2000s: Taiwanese president Ma Ying-Jeou made apology for 140 000 that were imprisoned, tortured & executed for links to communism/anti-KMT groups
7
Q
50s and 60s in Taiwan
A
- many skirmishes in waters + islands of PRC + ROC. both got military from US + Russia. West recognized ROC as sole gov’t of China until 1971. Taiwan developed under management of KMT w/help from US. became known as an Asian Tiger. today it’s developed, it’s a manufacturing hub for high tech industry
8
Q
Democratic Progressive Party Taiwan
A
- formed in late 1980s as first opposition to KMT. issues about unification + independence were discussed again. after Chiang Ching-Kuo died, Lee Teng-hui was first Taiwanese born president who promoted Taiwanese identity. Restrictions on Hokkien (language) in media/schools were eased
9
Q
Chen Shui-bian
A
- 2000: under DPP, became first non-KMT pres nominee to win election, 2004 won again. politics divided between Blue (KMT) + Green (DPP) parties. blue = unification w/China, Green = independence. 2007: DPP called for use of “Taiwan” worldwide, while keeping’s official name (ROC). Chen pushed for formal relations w/China (China saw this as push for independence) + push for entry in UN as Taiwan. Both referendums failed due to low votes, most were afraid of Chinese retaliation/boycotts encouraged by KMT
10
Q
end of DPP rule
A
- DPP was plagued w/contracting economy, KMT controlling Legislative Congress + corruption of first family and DPP officials. KMT later got power under Ma Ying-Jeou, touted “mutual nondenial.” Ma wanted closer relations w/PRC since it was growing and wanted to join WTO. Tensions between ROC + PRC eased + economic ties got closer, but as big biz grew, individual wages were stagnant, high unemployment for youth + low home ownership rates
11
Q
Tsai Ing-wen
A
- became first female president of Chinese speaking world due to economic concerns. focus was economic progress, not independence. but her calls for international community to protect Taiwan’s democracy and for PRC to democratize + respect human rights caused Xi Jinping’s ire. Tsai was reelected in 2020, relationship between ROC + PRC is still strained
12
Q
Burma and British control
A
- began in 1850s. became part of “British India,” Indians + cheap imports flooded in. British didn’t obey customs
- early 1900s, students strikes + demand for self-government caused Britain to make concessions. 1930s: separated from India, country still torn by opposing poli parties + anti-China/India violence
- Bogyoke Aung San + Thirty Comrades got military training from Japan, driving British-Indian + KMT forces out of Burma. Japan treated Burma poorly though
13
Q
1950s and beyond in Burma
A
- 50s = military gov’t. 60s = military coup due to U Nu’s policy of making Buddhism state religion + politically destabilizing moves from ethnic minorities. Ne Win took over, confiscated private property, commodities were rare & much media was banned. Burma struggled, opposition rose, gov’t crushed it, thousands fled. Slorc tried to appease ppl, but NLD won. Slorc arrested NLD peeps like Aung San Suu Kyi. 2007: inflation caused Saffron Revolution
14
Q
2010s and beyond in Myanmar
A
- poli prisoners released, state censorship diminished, liberalization of economy. but ethnic + religious violence happened too. relations between Suu Kyi + president turned sour. 2015: Aung San Suu Kyi’s party won majority
15
Q
1940s in Burma
A
- Aung San sided with Allies, dictated terms for country. he met with British PM, Burma got right to self-rule. Panglong Agreement guaranteed ethnic minorities right to choose poli destiny if dissatisfied w/situation after 10 yrs. he was gunned down + U Nu took over. disintegration of economy began, involving rebels, commies, gangs + anticommunist Chinese KMT
16
Q
late 1800s/early 1900s Laos
A
- Laos became French colony
- outbreak of European war weakened French in Indochina, nationalist gov’t in Bangkok took advantage + renamed Siam Thailand, opened hostilities. French encouraged Lao nationalism. Later King Sisavang Vong declared independence, but National Assembly deposed king as Laos still needed French protection
17
Q
French regaining of Laos and its loss again
A
- France seized Laos, unity of Laos continued along with king’s rule. France offered greater independence, but some wanted French gone so they joined Viet Minh + Pathet Lao movement. Geneva conference 1954: no more France. Pathet Lao established Marxist-leaning People Party, Laos became cockpit of Cold War hostility as RLG relied on US
