South America Flashcards
What is Bonarda known as elsewhere?
Charbono in the US, Corbeau in Savoie
Members of VIGNO
Alcance
Garcia Schwaderer
De Martino
Garage Wine Co.
Gillmore
Lapostolle
Meli
Morande
Odfjell
Undurraga
Valdivieso
Viña Roja
Miguel Torrres
Concha y Toro
What is MOVI?
Movimiento de Vinateros Independientes (movement of Independent Vintners) - 09 est. group of small wineries.
What grape has the highest level of 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine?
Carmenere!
What’s the southern most DO in Coquimbo?
Choapa
Order from North to South: Elqui, Maule, Choapa, Limari, San Antonio
Elqui, Limari, Choapa, San Antonio, Maule
Sagrada Familia, Rauco, Romeral, and Molina are DO areas within…?
?
What are the DOC of Arentina?
Lujan de Cuyo, and San Rafael
Where is Lontue?
Curico
What wine growing region is closest to the equator?
Sao Francisco Valley
Where is the Famatina Valley?
In La Rioja Argentina
What is the altitude of Salta?
4900 fosl to 9860 fosl (or 10210 fosl - Both $’s Wines of Argentina)
What causes El Nino and what were some years that affected Chile?
Weakening of the humbholt curent. 1997-98 was really bad. 02, and ‘16 also. Lots of rain
Tinogasta is located in which region?
?
Where is Peumo DO?
Cachapoal
What is the average elevation range for vineyards in Argentina?
500-1500m
What is the climate of Zona Austral?
Maritime
What is the parentage of Malbec?
Prunelard x Magdeleine Noire des Charentes
What factors contribute to the intensity of Argentinian wine?
Intense sunlight, dry air, altitude, temperature swings, and generally high temperatures
What are the differences between VC an VCP wines?
VC are Vino Comun and are bulk wines based on Muscat of Hamburg. VCP are Vino de Calidad Preferente and are vinifera
What are the winemaking provinces of Patagonia?
Neuquen, Rio Negro, La Pampa, (Chubut?)
What are the provinces of the Northern Argentina?
Salta, Tucuman, Catamarca
Almaviva is a collaboration between which two wineries?
Baronne Philippe de Rothschild and …? CyT?
Where is Puente Alto?
Maipo (unofficial sub)
What are the regions of Sur from North to South?
Itata, Bio Bio, Malleco
What are areas within San Antonio?
w/in Leyda: San Juan, Santo Domingo
outside Leyda: Cartagena, Lo Abarca, Algarrobo
When did Chile declare independence?
1818 - Bernardo O’Higgins led
Which of the areas of Coquimbo are Coasta?
Limari
Where is the place of 2 harvests per year in Brazil
Sao Francisco Valley
What is the dominant soil type of Argentina?
Sandy Loam.or alluvial
What did King Philip II do to affect early chilean wine?
Forbade new plantings in 1595, forbid native labor, and raised taxes on aguardiente production. THe first two were hard to enforce.
What is the parentage of Carmenere?
Cab Franc and Gros Cabernet
Where is the majority of Brazilian Wine Production?
(Val do Vinedos) Serra Gaucha within Rio Grande do Sul
What are the winemaking areas of the North Region of Argentina?
Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman, Valles Calchaquies IG (which is multi-departmental)
Where is Casa Marin?
Lo Abarca, San Antonio Valley, Aconcagua
What causes El Nino and what were som eyears that affected Chile?
Weakening of the humbholt curent. 1997-98 was really bad. 02, and ‘16 also. Lots of rain
What is the climate of Norte Chico?
Hot and Arid
What ocean current influences the coastal regions of Chile?
Humbolt Current
What are the longitudinal divisions of Chile?
Andes, Entre Cordilleras, Costa
What is the most planted grape of Chile?
Cabernet Sauv.
Where is most Brazilian wine produced?
Serra Gaucha
Where is Limari?
Coquimbo
What is the river of Uco Valley?
Tunuyan
What are the Subregions of Sur?
Itata, Bio Bio, Malleco
Where is Bio Bio?
Sur
Name the prestige bottlings of Carmenere by Errazuris and CyT respectively. And the DO
Errazuriz ‘Kai’ Aconcagua Valley DO. CyT Carmin de Puemo in Puemo DO (w/in Cachapoal)
Which rapel DO has a higher quality reputation?
Colchagua
Where would you find the subregions of Belen, Poman, Santa Maria, and Tinogasta?
Catamarca IG in the North Region of Argentina
What is the main grape of Valle de Limari?
Chardonnay
What is the grape of Lujan de Cuyo DOC?
Malbec
Tinogasta is located in which region?
??
What is Brazil’s first DO?
Vale dos Vinhedos, 2009 (or 2002 GS?), Merlot and Chard.
Where is Isabel a common variety?
Serra Gaucha, and in general, Brazil
What grape is not permitted on Chilean labels?
Pais
What is Paul Hobbs estate in Argentina?
Vina Cobos
What is the name of the fog in Limari?
Comanchaca fog
Where did Migiuel Torres first set up in Chile?
Curico in 1979
What are the subregions of Mendoza?
Northern, Central (Upper), Southern, Eastern, and Uco Valley
What is the alcohol requirement for Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva in Chile?
12.50%
What are the subzones of Central Valley?
Maipo, Rapel, Curico, Maule
Other Winegrowing regions in brazil
Sao Joaquim, Serra do Sudeste, Campanha
Subregions of Aconcagua?
Aconcagua Valley, San Antonio Valley, Casablanca.
What are the geographical designations of Chile from Largest to Smallest?
Viticultural Region (Region Viticola), Subregion, Zone, Area
What are the DO within Rapel?
Cachapoal and Colchagua
What are the unofficial subzones of the Maipo DO?
Alto Maipo (400-600m), Medio Maipo, Maipo Costa/Bajo
What triggered the vineyard boom in argentina?
The completion of the Buenos Aires - Mendoza Railroad in 1855 and mass immigration from southern Europe.
What is the most extreme subzone of San Antonio?
Lo Abarca - coldest
who owns Terrazas de los Andes?
Moet & Chandon
What is the climate of La Rioja Argentina?
Hot Semi-Arid
What is Pais in California? Argentina?
Mission/Criolla Chica
What is Sena?
Errazuriz + Mondavi bordeaux blend based in Aconcagua
What river passes through Atacama?
Huasco River
What is pergola called in Chile?
Parron
The passing of the _____ Act in 1853 led to rapid development of Argentina’s wine industry.
Water
Name 3 bottlings of Carmenere
Errazuriz’s Kai, CyT Camin de Peumo, Montes’ Purple Angel
What is the preferred clone of Torrontes?
Riojano
Where are the highest vineyards in the world?
Donald Hess’s Colome estate in Salta @ 3000+m
Cool vintages in Chile from 2011-2015
2013…? Not 12 or 14
What is the Zonda?
Hot, dry wind that blows down from the Andes into argentina -
What dictates the need for rootstock in Casablanca?
Nematodes
What is the length of Chile?
4300 km. 17 to 53 degrees latitude
Where is the Uco Valley?
Mendoza
What are 2 bottlings of Carmenere produced in Puemo?
Santa Carolina’s “Herencia” and CyT’s ‘Carmin de Puemo’
Where is Teno?
Curico
Where are the highest vineyards in Mendoza?
Tupungato
What is Catena’s top bottling?
Adrianna Vineyard. Planted in 1992
Which river flows through San Juan?
?
What is Paul Hobbs’ Argentine project?
Vina Cobos
What year was Chile’s DO system introduced?
1994
Where is Valle de Tulum?
Subregion of San Juan IG, within Cuyo
Where is Terra Rossa found in Chile?
Valle di Limari
What are the geographical designations of Chile from Largest to Smallest?
Viticultural Region (Region Viticola), Subregion, Zone, Area
What is the required percentage of grapes, location, and vintage in chile to be labeled?
75%, but 85 to make EU standards
What is VIGNO?
Vignadores de Carignan - OV Carignan preservation group.
What is Argentina’s Bonarda Aka?
Charbono and Coebeau
What’s the oldest winery in Chile (still operating)?
Silvestre Ochagavia’s Vina Ochagavia in Santiago
Where is the place of 2 harvests per year in Brazil
Sao Francisco Valley
What are 2 unofficial subs of San Antonio?
Lo Abarca and Rosario
What is the primary river of Colchagua?
Tringuiririca River
What is the largest growing region of Mendoza?
Eastern Mendoza w/70,000 ha
What is Chilean Decree No. 464?
Viticultural Zoning Ordinance published in 1995 and updated in 2012
What was Brazil’s first Origin Indication region?
Vale dos Vinhedos w/in Serra Gaucha which is w/in Rio Grande do Sul in 2002
What are the rivers of Curico?
Teno and Lontue
Members of MOVI?
Garage wine co., Alchemy, Villard, Erasmo
Where is Maipu?
Mendoza
Terrazas de los Andes produces a single vineyard Cabernet Sauvignon named “Los _____.”
??
What is the river of Cachapoal?
The Cachapoal River
What is the major threat to vineyards in Mendoza?
Summer Hail
What are the clones of Torrontes?
Riojano, San juanino, Mendocino
Who owns Casa Lapostolle?
Marnier Lapostolle of Grand Marnier (est. 1994)
What 3 categories were established by the updating of Agricultural Decree 464 in ‘12?
Creation of Costa, Entre Cordilleras, and Andes. 85%
What is the most planted red grape of Argentina?
Malbec
Who regulates Chile’s wine laws?
Chile’s Agricultural and Livestock Service
Where is Puente Alto?
Maipo Valley DO
When was Chile’s DO founded?
1994
What is the minimum vine age required for VIGNO wines?
30 years
The Peumo DO is located in?
Cachapoal Valley
What are the Pink Skinned grapes of Argentina?
Cereza, Criolla Chica and Grande
What are the top 3 white varieties in Chile in terms of Vineyard Acreage?
Sauvignon Blanc/Vert, Chardonnay, Muscat de Alexandria
Where is the area Puemo?
Cachapoal. within Rapel
What is the border river between Argentina and Uruguay?
RIver Plate
What is the mountain range parallel to Cafayate?
Calchaquies
What are the winemaking areas of Patagonia?
La Pampa, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Chubut
What are the IG’s of the Center Region of Argentina?
Cordoba Argentina IG
What is the capitol city of Sur?
Concepcion
What is Chilean Decree No. 464?
Viticultural Zoning Ordinance enacted in 1994, into effect in 1995 and updated in 2012 and 2018
Where is the majority of Brazilian Wine Production?
Serra Gaucha within Rio Grande do Sul on the Argentine border.
What is mostly grown in Casablanca?
Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc
Where are the southernmost vineyards in the world?
Chubut, Argentina
Where is Cafayate?
Salta
What is the climate of Mendoza IG?
Arid Continental
What is the most planted white grape in Argentina?
Pedro Gimenez
What is the driest area of Coquimbo?
Elqui Valley
Where is the Valles Calchaquies?
Salta
What is the most important region in Salta?
Cafayate.
Subregions of Aconcagua?
Aconcagua Valley, San Antonio Valley, Casablanca.
Where is Apalta?
Colchagua on the N bank of the Tringuiririca river in the DO of Santa Cruz
What are the varieties of Torrontes? And which is the best?
Riojano, Mendocino and Sanjuanino; Riojano
What is the highest growing region in Chile?
Elqui Valley @ 2000+m - provides balance to the heat
Where is Rio Grande do Sul?
Brazil along the Argentine border
Which is warmest: Maipo, Colchagua, Cachapoal?
Cachapoal
Where are Altair, Anakena, and Clos des Fous?
Cachapoal at high elevation in the Andes
The Teno and Lontue Valleys are located in…?
Curico Valley
What are the requirements for VIGNO?
Dry farmed, 65% carignan, ages 2+ years, 30+yo, w/in the secando interior
What is the most planted grape in Uruguay?
Tannat
Where is Puente Alto?
Alto Maipo.
What historic wines are from Alto Maipo/Puente Alto?
Almaviva, Don Melchor (1st in 1987), and Vinedo Chadwick
What is the climate of Casablanca?
Cool Mediterranean
What are the 5 administrative regions of Chile?
Norte Grande, Norte Chico, Zona Central, Zona Sur, Zona Austral
Who has the largest land holdings in South America?
Concha y Toro w/9000 ha throughout Chile and Argentina
Where is the Calchaquies Valley?
Salta
What is ‘Manso de Velasco’?
Torres’ 100 yo cabernet plot in sandy/pebbly soils in Curico
What are the sub regions of Coquimbo?
Elqui, Limari, Choapa.
What is the primary rock of the Andes?
Basalt (volcanic), but limestone is here too
Who are Argentina’s biggest companies?
Bodegas Esmeralda (Alamos), and Penaflor (Trapiche)
What are the Viticultural Regions of Chile?
Atacama, Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Valle Central, Sur, Austral
Where is Santa Cruz DO?
Colchagua, Central Valley
Of the chilean reserva labels, which require oak?
Resrva Especial and Gran Reserva
Where in Chile did Miguel Torres set up?
Curico in 1979
What important wines are from Apalta?
Lapostalle’s Clos Apalta and Montes’ Alpha M
What are Baja California’s principle regions?
Valle de Guadalupe, Vd Grulla, Vd Santo Tomas, Vd Ojos Negros, Tecate
What is the alcohol requirement for Reserva and Reserva Especial in Chile?
12.00%
What are the tiers of Chile’s DO system?
Viticultural Region, Subregion, Zone, Area
What is VIGNO?
Vignadores de Carignan. Producer organization dedicated to preserving Old Vine Carignan.
What are the winemaking regions of Argentina?
Center Region, Cuyo IG, North Region, Patagonia IG
What subzone do Don Melchor, Almaviva, and Vinedo Chadwick lie within?
Puente Alto - gravelly soil
What is the climate of Zona Central?
Medeterranean
Who owns Almaviva?
BP d Rothschild and Concha y Toro partnership in 1997
What are the subzones of Central Valley?
Maipo, Rapel, Curico, Maule
What is the most planted red grape in Argentina?
Malbec
Where is Cafayete?
It’s a departement w/in Salta known for Torrontes
What is Chile’s equivalent of the Paris Tasting?
2004 Berlin tasting - Chadwick and Sena beat Lafite and Margaux
How is the Casablanca Valley classified on the Winkler Scale?
Region I
What is Altura Maxima?
World’s highest vineyard in Payogasta, Valles Calchaquies. 3111m. Alluvial sandy soil with gravel.
Bodega Colome.
What are the regions of Argentina?
North Provinces, Cuyo, Patagonia, center region
Who first imported oak barrels into Chile?
Miguel Torres
Where is Matetic?
Rosario, San Antonio Valley, Aconcagua
Who are the ‘Founding Fathers’ of Chilean wine?
Cousino Macul, Vina San Pedro, Vina Errazuriz, Santa Carolina, Santa Rita, Concha y Toro, Undurraga
What are the Viticultural Regions of Chile?
Atacama, Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Central Valley, Sur, Austral
What are the subregions of Central Mendoza?
Godoy Cruz, Lujan de Cuyo IG/DOC, Maipu
Who owns Sena?
Mondavi and Eduardo Chadwick (errazuriz) in 1995
Where is Leyda Valley located?
San Antonio Valley
What is a synonym for Pais?
Criolla Chica
What’s the minimum ABV permitted for any wine in Chile?
11.5%
Where is Leyda?
W/in San Antonio Valley.
What are the provinces of Cuyo?
La Rioja, San Juan, Mendoza, (San Luis)
What’s the favorite grape of Elqui Valley?
Syrah
What are the winemaking areas of Argentina?
North, Cuyo, and Patagonia
What is the most important state in Mexico for wine?
Baja California
What are the rivers of Itata?
Itata and Nuble
What is the order from largest to smallest of Chilean DO system -
Viticultural Regions, Subregions, Zones, Areas
Where is Cafayete?
A department w/in Salta
What is the Espalier training method?
Training vines up against a wall or a single plane
Where is Veramonte based?
Casablanca
What is the southernmost DO in Sur?
Valle de Malleco DO
What are the Viticultural regions of Chile from N-> S
Atacama, Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Valle Central, Sur, Austral
What are the subregions of Mendoza?
Valle de Uco, Northern Mendoza, Eastern Mendoza, Central Mendoza
Other Winegrowing regions in brazil
Sao Joaquim, Serra do Sudeste, Campanha
Which DO surrounds Santiago?
Maipo Valley
What is the primary soil of the coastal range in Chile?
Complex. Layers of Granite, Schist, and red clay
What’s the oldest winery in America?
Casa Madero - 1597
What are the subregions of Valle de Uco?
San Carlos, Tunuyan, Tupungato
Which DO has the most planted in Chile?
Maule
What are the DO of Atacama?
Copiapo and Huasco
Where is Valle del Limari DO?
Coquimbo
Name wines produced in Apalta
Lapoostalle’s Clos Apalta, and Montes’ Alpha M
What is the parentage of Carmenere?
Cab Franc x Gros Cabernet. TBC
Where is Puente Alto?
Alto Maipo.
Who is the primary producer of San Rafael?
Valentin Bianchi
What was the first cool climate region in modern Chile?
Casablanca Valley
Where is Panquehue?
Aconcagua Valley DO
What are the subzones of San Antonio?
Officially - Leyda Valley.
Which Chilean subregion corresponds to the O’Higgins administrative region?
Cachapoal
Where is Casa Marin located?
Lo Abarco (San Antonio Valley)
What were the first and second place wines at the 2004 Berlin Tasting?
2000 Vinedo Chadwick (Puente Alto), and 2001 Errazuriz ‘Sena’ (Panquehue)
What do Reserva and Gran Reserva indicate on a bottle of red and white in Argentina?
Reserva - 6 m white, 1 yr red; Gran - 1 yr white, 2 yr red
Which is warmer? Maipo, Cachapoal, Colchagua?
Cachapoal
Where is Pirque?
Maipo (unofficial sub)
What is the ocean current that affects Chile’s wine regions?
Humbholt Current - flows northward - limits precipitation cools the air.
Who owns Los Vascos?
Ch. Lafite (took over in 1988)
Label each DO Costa, Etre Cordilleras, or Andes: Puente Alto, Panquehue, Casablanca, Pirque
Andes Entre Cordilleras, Costa, Ades
Which Argentinian estate was first to enlist Michel Rolland?
Etchart in Cafayete
What is the most planted grape in Limari Valley?
Syrah? Chardonnay?
What are the areas of Coquimbo?
Elqui Valley, Limari Valley, Choapa Valley
What is the order from largest to smallest of Chilean DO system -
Viticultural Regions, Subregions, Zones, Areas
What is Harrigue?
Tannat
What is the parentage of Torrontes?
Criolla Chica x Muscat of Alexandria
What is the best area for Carmenere?
Puemo in Cachapoal
What are the grapes of Itata?
Pais, Moscatel, Cinsault
What is the active volcano in Mendoza?
?
Where is Valle de Casablanca?
Aconcagua
Where are the subregions Cachi, Cafayate, Molinos, and San Carlos found?
Salta IG in North Region of Argentina
Where is the commune of Panquehue?
Aconcagua
What is VIGNO?
Vignadores de Carignan - OV Carignan preservation group.
What year was Geographical Indication system created in Argentina?
???
What are the subzones of Rapel?
Cachapoal and Colchagua
When does the Zonda blow?
Spring (Affects flowering)
When was Chile’s DO system established?
1994 w/Agricultural Decree # 464, in effect for 1995
Who is Rosario’s only estate?
Matetic - Demeter
What wind threatens viticulture in Argentina?
Zonda - hot NW wind
What are the subregions of the Aconcagua region?
Aconcagua Valley, Casablanca Valley, San Antonio Valley
What is the minimum percentage required to label a grape or region in Argentina?
?
probably 85%
