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South Africa Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the most commonly planted white grapes in Stellenbosch?

A

Chenin Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay
Semillon

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2
Q

What are the most important red grapes in Stellenbosch?

A 
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Shiraz
PInotage
Cabernet Franc
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3
Q

What style of wine is Stellenbosch most associated with?

A

Stellenbosch has traditionally been associated with the country’s most celebrated reds. These are mostly Bordeaux-style and Cabernet-based blends.

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4
Q

How far is Stellenbosch from Cape Town?

A

Stellenbosch is about 28 miles east of Capetown.

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5
Q

When was viticulture established in Stellenbosch?

A

1679

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6
Q

How would one describe the topography of the Stellenbosch region?

A

Stellenbosch is surrounded by valleys that contain almost 20% of South Africa’s wines. These valleys are cradled by the blue-gray mountains of Stellenbosch, Simonsberg, and Helderberg

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7
Q

Name the mountain ranges that surround Stellenbosch

A

Stellenbosch
Simonsberg
Helderberg

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8
Q

Does Stellenbosch contain any wards? If so, how many?

A

Yes, Stellenbosch contains 7 wards.

Banghoek
Bottelary
Devon Valley
Jonkershoek Valley
Papegaaiberg
Polkadraai Hills
Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
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9
Q

Name the 7 Wards of Stellenbosch

A 
Banghoek
Bottelary
Devon Valley
Jonkershoek Valley
Papegaaiberg
Polkadraai Hills
Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
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10
Q

What soil types are common in Stellenbosch?

A

Soils, like the region’s climate, vary throughout the region.

Valley Floors are typically sandy alluvial loam

Hillsides are mostly made up os moisture-retaining decomposed granite

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11
Q

What are the major natural features that influence the Stellenbosch region?

A

False Bay [provides cooling winds]
Simonsberg Mountain
Stellenbosch Mountain
Helderberg Mountain

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12
Q

Name 5 key producers of Stellenbosch

A 
Warwick Estate
Rust en Vrede
Meerlust
Kanonkop
Ernie Els Wines
Annadale
Neil Ellis
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13
Q

What are some of the top wines produced in Stellenbosch?

A

“Trilogy” – Warwick Estate

“Rubicon” – Meerlust

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14
Q

True or False::

Stellenbosch contains some of the world’s oldest soils.

A

True

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15
Q

How would one define the overall climate of the Stellenbosch region?

A

Stellenbosch has a maritime-influenced climate comparable to – but warmer than – Bordeaux.

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16
Q

Where is Paarl located?

A

Paarl is located north and east of the city of Cape Town within the greater Coastal Region in the Western Cape Geographical Unit.

It is directly north of Stellenbosch

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17
Q

How would you compare the climate of Paarl + Stellenbosch?

A

Stellenbosch enjoys an overall cooler climate than Paarl due to its location directly on False Bay.

Paarl is hotter and drier overall with less annual rainfall than Stellenbosch.

Paarl is Region IV ; Stellenbosch is Region III-IV

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18
Q

What are the most important red grapes grown in Paarl?

A

The most important red grapes grown in Paarl are:

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Shiraz
Pinotage

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19
Q

What are the major white grapes of Paarl?

A

The major white grapes of Paarl are:

Chenin Blanc
Chardonnay
Chardonnay

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20
Q

What are Paarl’s most notable producers?

A

KWV

Neederburg

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21
Q

True or False:

Botrytised dessert wine is a speciality of Paarl.

A

True. Neederburg was the first producer.

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22
Q

What is the Neederburg Wine Auction?

A

The Nederberg Wine Auction was the New World’s first wine auction. It began in 1975 and is showcases rare cape wines.

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23
Q

What soil types are common in Paarl?

A

Sandstone
Granite
Weathered Shale

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24
Q

What are the major natural features influencing Paarl?

A

The Berg River

Hawaqua Mountains

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25
Q

Does the Paarl District contain any wards? If so, what are they?

A

Yes. Paarl contains 3 wards:

Agter-Paarl
Simonsberg-Paarl
Voor-Paardeberg

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26
Q

When was the Franschhoek Valley established? By whom?

A

Franschhoek Valley was settled in the late 1600s [1680-90s] by French Huguenots fleeing persecution.

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27
Q

What does the name “Franschhoek” mean?

A

Franschhoek means “French Corner” in Afrikaans

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28
Q

What soil type[s] are common in Franschhoek Valley?

A

Sandstone and Shale

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29
Q

What natural features influence Franschhoek?

A

Drakenstein Mountain
Wemmershoek Mountain
Berg River

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30
Q

Are there any producers of note in Franschhoek Valley?

A

Boschendal Wines
Booekenhoutskloof
Chamonix

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31
Q

Where is the Wellington District located in South Africa?

A

Wellington is a district of the coastal region in the Western Cape. It is located north of Paarl.

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32
Q

What style of wine is the Wellington District known for?

A

Wellington is known for producing full-bodied red wines.

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33
Q

Does Wellington contain any wards?

A

Yes. Wellington contains 5 wards:

Blouvlei
Bovlei
Groenbrg
Limietberg
Mid-Berg River
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34
Q

Name Wellington’s most notable producers:

A

Diemersfontein

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35
Q

Where is the Darling district located?

A

Darling is located about an hours drive north of Cape Town

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36
Q

What is “Vin de Constance”?

A

Vin de Constance is a sweet wine produced by the super historic Constantia Estate founded in 1685. This wine – which is made from dried Muscat a Petit Grains – was the first “cult wine” of the New World.

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37
Q

Who is Jan Van Riebeeck?

A

Jan Van Riebeeck, of the Dutch East India Company, was the founder of Cape Town. In terms of his significance in the South African wine industry, he is credited with planting the country’s first vineyard in 1655.

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38
Q

When did viticulture arrive in South Africa?

A

The history of the wine can be traced to 1655 when Jan Van Riebeeck planted the first vineyard.

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39
Q

How did the South African wine industry fare in the 19th century?

A

They faired pretty poorly. Phylloxera and powdery mildew was closely followed by the abolishment of British preferential tariffs. The wines [which were generally pretty shitty anyway] couldn’t compete at home and were way too expensive to export so couldn’t compete abroad either. Land was replanted with high yielding vines creating a surplus. It was a mess.

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40
Q

Is the Constantia Estate privately owned?

A

At one point yes, but currently no. It was purchased by the government in 1885. In 1969 it became part of the South African Cultural History Museum. Since 1993 it has been owned by the Groot Constantia Trust.

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41
Q

What winery made “Vin de Constance”?

A

Vin de Constance is produced by the Constantia Estate.

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42
Q

Is Vin de Constance still in production?

A

Not exactly. The winery stopped producing the wine in the 1880s. It received a re-boot in 2003 but is not walled “Grand Constance”; we cane call it a modern day approximation.

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43
Q

How did winegrowers deal with the phylloxera epidemic?

A

Producers turned to American rootstocks and high-yielding vines. The surplus they created outstripped local demand and South Africa developed an over-production problem which remains – to a certain extent – to this day.

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44
Q

What is the KWV? What was its historical purpose?

A

The KWV was a statutory body established in South Africa in 1918 after years of glut and grower bankruptcy. To fix production quotas and minimize extreme swings between surplus and shortage. Overtime it became the dominant force in the wine industry. In 1998 it was relieved of its lawmaking authority and converted from a co-operative to a company. KWV now just makes wine and brandy.

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45
Q

What does KWV stand for?

A

KWV stands for “South African Co-Operative Wine Growers’ Association” or “Ko-Operative Wijnbouwers Vereniging Van Zuid-Afrika”

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46
Q

What was the original role of the KWV?

A

The KWV:

Set minimum pricing
delimited areas of production
established production limits

These powers were formalized in the Wine + Spirits Control Act of 1924

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47
Q

Did the efforts of the KWV stop over-production problems?

A

Although the actions of the KWV pulls the South African wine industry from the brink of disaster, the surplus continued through the 1980s. Surplusses were practically subsidized by the KWV

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48
Q

Does the KWV still function as a regulating body today?

A

No. In 1997 the KWV transformed into a private company. It is forging an international reputation for its reds as well as a number of brandies

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49
Q

How did Appartheid effect the South African Wine Industry?

A

Appartheid, which began in the 1940s, hampered efforts to engage international interest in South African wines until its repeal in 1994. When it was repealed, international economic sanctions and boycotts were lifted opening export markets around the world.

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50
Q

What it “SAWIT”?

A

SAWIT = South Africa Wine Industry Trust

This was developed to speed the transformation of South African wine and empower black workers in an industry that had long relied on slave and apartheid-era labor practices.

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51
Q

When did South Africa begin to offer a quality certification for wine?

A

2002

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52
Q

What is the certification body for wine in South Africa?

A

Quality certification is offered through the South African Wine Information and Systems [SAWIS]

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53
Q

What were the pros and cons of the KWV as wine regulators?

A

PROS:

Helped pull the South African wine industry from the brink of disaster
determined production quotas
fixed minimum prices
delimited areas of production

CONS:

system tended to handicap the private wine producer in favor of the bulk grape grower

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54
Q

When did the KWV begin relinquishing its regulatory powers?

A

1992

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55
Q

What is “SAWIT”?

A

“SAWIT” or South African Wine Industry Trust was a group that was established to speed the transformation of South African wine and empower black workers in an industry that long relied on slavery and apartheid-era labor practices.

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56
Q

What does “SAWIT” stand for?

A

“SAWIT” stands for “South African Wine Industry Trust”

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57
Q

What is the quality certification used for South African wines?

A

Introduced in 2002 by SAWIS [South African Wine Information and Systems]. Certification works in accordance with the Wine of Origin Scheme.

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58
Q

When did South Africa adopt an appellation system? When was it introduced?

A

Wine of Origin ; 1973

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59
Q

Why was the South African appellation system introduced?

A

1973

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60
Q

How does a wine achieve appellation status in South Africa?

A

Submit a wine produced from one or more proved cultivars for scientific and tasting analysis. For the tasting portion the wine must possess the correct organoleptic qualities for its cultivar and age.

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61
Q

Can you grow any grape you want to achieve appellation status in South Africa?

A

No. Only a wine produced from an approved cultivar may be used to attain WO status, irrespective of region.

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62
Q

How many varieties are approved for WO status?

A

75

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63
Q

True or False:

For a wine to be varietally labeled in South Africa, it must contain 100% of the stated cultivar.

A

Fale. A wine is only legally required to contain 85% of the stated cultivar.

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64
Q

What are the legal requirements for listing multiple grapes on a wine label in South Africa?

A

Blends may list multiple grapes if vilification of the cultivars occurred separately. Each listen grape must also comprise a minimum of 20% of the wine.

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65
Q

True or False::

For a vintage to be stated on a label in South Africa, it needs to contain 100% of wine produced in that vintage.

A

False. A wine need only contain 85% of the stated vintage.

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66
Q

To state an area of production in South Africa, what percentage of grapes must come from that area?

A

100%

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67
Q

How many types of wine production zone exist inSouth Africa?

A

There are 4 types of wine production zone:

Geographical Unit
Region
District
Ward

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68
Q

Name all types of production zones found in South Africa

A

Geographical Unit
Region
District
Ward

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69
Q

How are the wine production zones defined in South Africa?

A

Larger units - such as geographical units and regions - are largely geographical and or political

Wards are based on aspects of terroir:: shared soils, climate, etc.

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70
Q

Is the use of “single Vineyard” designations regulated in South Africa?

A

Yes. All Single Vineyards must be registered in accordance with legal provisions. These sites must also be no larger than 6 ha in size

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71
Q

What are the requirements for “estate” bottling in South Africa?

A

Estates must be registered with the WO and the wines must e produced from contiguous parcels of vineyard land.

Further, the grapes must be vilified and bottled on a single property

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72
Q

True or False::

A producer with vineyard parcels scattered throughout a particular ward can blend these non-contiguous parcels into an estate bottled wine.

A

False. All estate bottled wines must come from contiguous parcels of land

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73
Q

How does one identify a quality certified wine produced in South Africa?

A

A WO certified wine is identified by a special seal.

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74
Q

What information is contained on the WO seal for certified bottles?

A

Each seal contains a tracking number to enable authorities to trace every component batch or variety back to the vineyard and date of harvest.

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75
Q

True or False:

Participation in the South African WO Scheme is required for all wines is required for all wines released to the commercial market.

A

No. The WO Scheme is completely voluntary. Only around 60% of wine producers submit wines for certification.

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76
Q

Can a non-certified wine list a ward of origin on their label?

A

Nope! No claims to vintage, variety, or area of production may legally appear on any bottle that forgoes certification.

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77
Q

What dos IPW stand for?

A

IPW stands for “Integrated Production of Fine”

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78
Q

What is the IPW? When did it start?

A

The Integrated Production of Wine Scheme is a voluntary means of certification of WO producers wishing to comply with sustainable environmental standards.

it launched in 1998.

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79
Q

What does the “IPW” do?

A

The IPW sets guidelines for agriculture manufacturing and packaging practices.

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80
Q

On what criteria are wines judged to be IPW certified?

A

Wineries are judged on:

Worker Safety Measures
Handling of Waste Water
Carbon Emissions
Use of Agrochemicals
Vineyard Biodiversity
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81
Q

If a wine meets IPW standards, what does it get?

A

Starting in 2010, WO wines that meet the minimum IPW evaluation score of 60%, the wine will be marked with a joint seal indicating a “sustainable wine of origin”

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82
Q

What is the minimum elevation score to achieve IPW certification?

A

60%

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83
Q

True or False:

A wine not recognized by South Africa’s WO scheme can be certified sustainable by the IPW.

A

False. Only wineries certified by South Africa’s Wine of Origin Scheme can seek IPW certification.

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84
Q

What percentage of South African wines carry the joint WO and IPW seal?

A

As of 2011, 85% of South African WO wine carried the new joint seal. All wines in the future are projected to qualify for IPW certification.

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85
Q

True or False:

South African wine producers can fudge the numbers on actual alcohol percentage to up to a full degree in either direction.

A

False. Producers are only allowed 0.5% wiggle room on alcohol percentage.

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86
Q

True or False:

WO regulations plan controls on crop yields, fertilizer quantities, and irrigation.

A

False. Although the WO scheme borrowed ideas from France and Germany, their scheme does not regulate such things.

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87
Q

Is chaptalization allowed in South Africa?

A

No. The WO scheme prohibits chaptalization and all other forms of enrichment

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88
Q

Is acidification legally permitted by the WO?

A

Yes

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89
Q

True or False:

Most vineyards in South Africa are irrigated.

A

True. At least over the summer months

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90
Q

What is South Africa’s most common type of irrigation?

A

Drip Irrigation has become the most common.

This system has largely replaced overhead sprays or fixed sprinkler systems on the better estates.

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91
Q

What type of trellising system is commonly encountered in South Africa?

A

The most common trellising system found in South Africa is a simple vertical hedge row w with a split vine cordon supported on a wire raised about 2.4 feet off the ground for ease of pruning.

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92
Q

True or False:

Chemical pesticides are not widely used in South Africa.

A

False. Chemical pesticides are widely used, especially in higher-yielding vineyards

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93
Q

True or False:

Monkeys are a common vineyard feast in South Africa?

A

False. Baboons are not Monkeys

94
Q

What are common viticultural hazards in South Africa?

A

Powdery Mildew [aka white rust]
- most serious
Downy Mildew
- seasonal threat

Both are contained by fungicide treatments.

95
Q

True or False:

Botrytis is always a problem during the growing season in South Africa.

A

False. It is not a serious problem in most years.

96
Q

If someone says their vines have “caught the white rust”, what on earth are they referring to?

A

It means they’ve got a powdery mildew infection.

97
Q

When did phylloxera strike South Africa?

A

Phylloxera struck South Africa in 1886. Virtually all vines are grafted to American rootstocks.

98
Q

Are virus-infected vines wide spread in South Africa?

A

Yes. Common Viruses include:

Leafroll Virus
Corky Bark
Fanleaf Virus

99
Q

Name 3 common grapevine viral diseases found in South Africa

A

Leafroll Virus
Corky Bark
Fanleaf Virus

100
Q

How many Geographical units are in South Africa?

A

5

101
Q

List all Geographical Units in South Africa

A 
Western Cape
Northern Cape
Eastern Cape
Kwazulu-Natal
Limpopo
102
Q

Of all of South Africa’s geographical units, which produces the most amount of wine?

A

The Western Cape

103
Q

Does the Northern Cape contain any regions of production?

A

No, but it does contain 2 districts and 3 wards.

104
Q

How many districts are located in the Northern Cape?

A

There are 2

105
Q

List all of the districts in the Northern Cape

A

Douglas

Sutherland-Karoo

106
Q

Are there any wards located within the Northern Cape? If so, how many?

A

Yes, there are 3.

107
Q

List all of the wards in the Northern Cape

A

Hartswater
Prieska
Central Orange River

108
Q

True or False:

Most of South Africa’s wine production centers in the Eastern Cape

A

False. Most wine production centers in the Western Cape

109
Q

How many regions, district, and wards are contained within the Eastern Cape? What are they?

A 
Region = 0
District = 0
Ward = 1 ; St. Francis Bay
110
Q

Does Kwazulu-Natal contain any recognized regions, districts, or wards?

A

Yes. Although Kwazulu-Natal doesn’t contain any regions or wards, it does contain 2 districts:

Central Drakensberg
Lions River

111
Q

List all of the districts contain within Kwazulu-Natal

A

Central Drakensberg

Lions River

112
Q

Does Limpopo contain any recognized smaller production units [region, district, ward]?

A

No

113
Q

Most of South African wine production occurs in ________________.

A

the Western Cape

114
Q

How would one describe the overall climate of the Northern Cape?

A

The Northern Cape is hot and arid, especially in the areas along the orange river. This areas is generally only suitable to bulk wine production

115
Q

What is the Bengula Current? How does it influence viticulture in South Africa?

A

The Bengula Current is a brand northward flowing ocean current extending roughly from Cape Town to Angola-Benguela. These cool winds moving north from Antartica cool the coastal wine regions of the Western Cape

116
Q

What is the overall climate of the Western Cape?

A

The climate of the Western Cape is essentially Mediterranean – a warm sunny growing season moderated by a cold, wet, and blustery winter. Late frosts are rare as are unseasonably heavy summer rain

117
Q

True or False:

Much of the Western Cape is made up of lush valleys with a relatively uniform soil type

A

False. Climates and soils vary dramatically in the Western Cape

118
Q

Between what latitudes does the Western Cape lie?

A

27 - 34 degrees latitude

119
Q

What are the major geological features that influence the Western Cape?

A

A series of mountain chains – the Cape Fold Belt – brackets most of the Western Cape from the Northern Central Plateau.

120
Q

What is the “Cape Doctor”?

A

The “Cape Doctor” is the name for a strong and persistent, dry south-easterly wind that blows on the South African coast from spring to late summer. It is notoriously aggressive in and around the Cape Penninsula.

121
Q

How did the “Cape Doctor” get its name?

A

t is known as the Cape Doctor because of th local belief that is clears Cape Town of pollution and “pestilence”

122
Q

What are the pros and cons of the “Cape Doctor”?

A

PROS:

The strength of the wine reduces humidity, mildew, and other fungal diseases

CONS:

Can sometimes batter and denude the vines.

123
Q

ON the Winkler scale, what would most of South Africa’s wine producing areas be classified as?

A

Most would be classified as a REGION III [Oakville in Napa] and REGION IV [Tuscany]

Exceptions are found in high elevation or sea-cooled vineyards which can be as cool as REGION II

124
Q

What is “Cape Coast”.

A

Cape Coast is an overarching region located within the western cape that includes the regions of Cape South Coast and Coastal Region

125
Q

How many WO Regions are in the Western Cape?

A

6

126
Q

List all the Regions of the Western Cape:

A 
Cape South Coast
Boberg River
Breede River Valley
Coastal Region
Klein Karoo
Olifants River
127
Q

True or False:

Red grapes make up the majority of vineyards in South Africa.

A

False. White grapes make up a majority of vineyards with Chenin Blanc (locally known as steen) being the number 1 grape panted [20% of total annual production].

128
Q

What percentage of South Africa’s vineyard space is dedicated to Chenin Blanc?

A

Chenin Blanc accounts for roughly 18.6% of the total vineyard acreage of South Africa. It makes up 33% of all white grapes planted.

129
Q

What are the most commonly planted white grapes in South Africa?

A 
Chenin Blanc [aka Steen]
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
Colombard
Cape Riesling [aka Crouchen Blanc]
Hannepoot [aka Muscat of Alexandria]
Gewurztraminer
130
Q

True or False:

Cape Riesling is a special strain of Riesling grown around Cape Point in South Africa.

A

False. Cape Riesling is actually unrelated to Riesling. Its real name is Crouchen, a grape that is indigenous to France

131
Q

Does “Hanepoot” go by any other names?

A

Yes. It is much more commonly known as Muscat of Alexandria

132
Q

What are the signature grapes of South Africa?

A

For White, Chenin Blanc

For Red, Pinotage

133
Q

What is Pinotage?

A

PInotage is the signature red grape os South Africa. IT was developed in 1925 by Professior Abraham Perlod as a crossing of Pinot Noir x Cinsault [locally known as Meritage]

134
Q

What does Pinotage taste like?

A

PInotage is smoky, fruity, pungent, and full-bodied. Sometimes it smells like spray point or a tire fire but this has a lot to do with water stress and high temperatures around harvest. These negative traits are are also exacerbated by high fermentation temperatures.

135
Q

What is the most planted red grape in South Africa?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

136
Q

Where did Pinotage get its name?

A

The name Pinotage comes from a mash-up of the names of its parents: Pinot Noir x Cinsault which the South African’s called Meritage

137
Q

True or False:

Over half of red grapes in South Africa are less than 20 years old.

A

True

138
Q

What are the most planted red grapes in South Africa? [8]

A 
Pinotage
Consult
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc
Syrah/Shiraz
Pinot Noir
Tinta Barroca
139
Q

What is Pontac? What is its historic significance?

A

Pontac is a South African name for the distinctive red-fleshed “Teinturier du Cher” grape imported from southwest France in the late 1600s. The grape is linked to the old red wines of Constantia.

140
Q

True or False:

Pontac is a distinctive teinturier varietal cultivated in the Cape Town district of South Africa.

A

False. Although yes, this varietal was cultivated in the Cape Town district and is linked to the old red wines of Constantia, there are no longer any Pontac Vineyards in South Africa.

Attempts are being made to produce virus-free vine material which, if successful, may bring about its re-emergence

141
Q

What is meant by the term “teinturier”?

A

Teinturier is a term applied to grapes whose flesh and juice is red in color due to anthocyanin pigments accumulating within the pulp of the grape berry itself.

Wines produced from a teinturier grape contain a lot of color with higher levels of tannins [structurally related to anthocyanin]

Teinturier = French for “to dye or stain”

142
Q

What is the South African term for Traditional Method Sparkling Wines?

A

Cap Classique

143
Q

What style of wine are you likely to encounter on a bottle labeled with Boberg River Valley?

A

Fortified Wines

144
Q

What districts are able to produced wines labeled as Boberg River Valley?

A

Paarl
Franschhoek
Wellington
Tulbagh

145
Q

Where in South Africa is the Coastal Region located?

A

The Coastal Region is a wine producing area in the Western Cape centered around the original Cape Town colony and the west coast of the cape.

146
Q

Into how many districts is the costal region divided?

A

9

147
Q

Name all of the districts found in the Coastal Region

A

Listed from North to South:

Lutzville Valley
Swartland
Tulbagh
Darling
Wellington
Paarl
Franschhoek Valley
Cape Town
Stellenbosch
148
Q

Into what geographical unit and region will one find the Cape Town District?

A

Cap Town is a recently re-designated district located in the Coastal Region of the Western Cape

149
Q

What are the major white grapes grown in the Cape Town WO district?

A 
Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay
Riesling
Semillon
Chenin Blanc
150
Q

What are the major red grapes of the Cape Town district?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Shiraz
Pinotage

151
Q

What is the dominant soil type found in the Cape Town district?

A

Cape Peninsula is dominated by GRANITE and SANDSTONE. The are formerly known as Tygerberg [north and slightly inland from the city of Cape Town] is dominated by GREYWACKE and PHYLLITE SHALES

152
Q

What are the major natural features that influence the Cape Town district?

A 
Table Mountain
Tygerberg Hills
Kanonkop Hills
False Bay
Atlantic Ocean
153
Q

Does the Cape Town district contain any wards? If so, how many?

A

Ys, Cape Town contains 4 wards

154
Q

List the wards of the Cape Town district:

A

Constantia
Hout Bay
Durbanville
Philadelphia

155
Q

True or False:

The vineyards in the Constantia Ward are all at sea level

A

False. Vineyards, rooted to ancient soil, climb up the east facing slopes of Constantiaberg Mountain

156
Q

________ mountain forms the mountainous spine of the Cape Peninsula in Table Mountain National Park.

A

Constantiaberg mountain

157
Q

How many estates occupy the historic Constantia Vineyard?

A

5

Groot Constantia [state owned]
Klein Constantia [revived vin de constance]
Constantia Uitsig
Steenberg
Buitenverwachting
158
Q

What winery revived the production of Vin de Constance?

A

Klein Constantia

159
Q

Name the producers currently occupying the historic Constantia vineyard

A 
Groot Constanta
Klein Constantia
Constantia Uitzig
Steenberg
Buitenverwachting
160
Q

What are the major wine styles produced in Cape Town District?

A

Vin de Constance [Constantia]
Sparkling Wines
Cool-Climate White Grapes
Dessert Wine

161
Q

True or False:

Irrigation is necessary in the Cape Town district.

A

False. The region typically receives enough rainfall to allow vineyards to flourish without irrigation.

162
Q

Where is Stellenbosch located?

A

The Stellenbosch District, one of South Africa’s most prominent wine growing regions, is located int he Western Cape’s Coastal Region just across false bay from Cape Town District

163
Q

What area is considered South Africa’s most prominent winemaking region?

A

Stellenbosch

164
Q

True or False:

The districts Darling and Paarl have the same type of climate.

A

False. Darling is a coastal region and enjoys the temperature mitigation influence of the Atlantic.

165
Q

What are the major white grapes of Darling?

A

Chenin Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay

166
Q

What are the major red grapes grown in the Darling District?

A 
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Shiraz
Pinotage
Cinsault
167
Q

What are the most common soil types found in the Darling District?

A

Shale

Granite

168
Q

What natural features influence the Darling District?

A

The Atlantic Ocean

Darling Hills

169
Q

Name some of the Key Producers found in Darling:

A

Cloof
Ormonde
Tukulu

170
Q

Where is Tulbagh District located?

A

Tulbagh is an inland wine district to the East of Swartland in the Coastal Region of the Western Cape

171
Q

What are the top red grapes of Swartland?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Shiraz
Pinotage

172
Q

What are the primary soils of Swartland?

A

Malmesbury Shale
Sandy Granitic Soils
Gravel

173
Q

Name 3 producers from Swartland:

A

Sadie Family Wines
Mullineux
AA Badenhorst Family Wines

174
Q

Does Swartland contain any wards?

A

Yes, Swartland contains 6 wards:

Malmesbury
Paardeberg
Paardeberg South
Riebeekberg
St. Helena Bay
Riebeeksrivier
175
Q

What style of wine is Tulbagh known for?

A

Although the region produces some very fine reds, Tulbagh is known for its Whites and Cap Classique

176
Q

What are the major white grapes of Tulbagh?

A

Chenin Blanc
Colombard
Hanepoot [Muscat of Alexandria]
Chardonnay

177
Q

What are the major red grapes of Tulbagh?

A 
Cinsault
Shiraz
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
PInotage
178
Q

What are the dominant soil types of Tulbagh?

A

Sandstone

Shale

179
Q

What natural features influence the Tulbagh region?

A

3 mountains exert the most influence on the region:

Witzenberg Mountain
Groot Winterhoek Mountain
Obiekwaberg Mountain

180
Q

Name 3 notable producers in Tulbagh:

A

Tulbagh Mountain Vineyards
Saronsberg
Fable

181
Q

Where is Swartland located in South Africa?

A

Swartland is a wine producing district located in the northern portion of the Coastal Region in the Western Cape

182
Q

True or False:

Swartland is considered wine of the most adventurous wine regions in South Africa.

A

True. Swartland is home to some of South Africa’s most adventurous and least interventionist winemakers

183
Q

Is it possible to dry-farm in Swartland?

A

Yes. Many of Swartland’s vineyards practice dry-farming

184
Q

What are the top white grapes of Swartland?

A

Chenin Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay
Semillon

185
Q

List all o the wards of Swartland:

A 
Malmesbury
Paardeberg
Paardeberg South
Riebeekberg
St. Helena Bay
Riebeeksrivier
186
Q

If a South African wine has a logo that says “Swartland Independent” on it, what does it mean?

A

It means this producers is a member of the “Swartland Independent Producers Organization”

187
Q

What does “SIP” stand for?

A

“SIP” stands for “Swartland Independent Producers”

188
Q

What is the purpose of “SIP”?

A

To encourage the production of wines that are truly reflective of the Swartland. Members must live up to certain conditions in order to display the logo

189
Q

List the conditions for membership in “SIP”:

A
  1. Wines must be produced int he Swartland
  2. Must bottle a minimum of 80% of total wine production under their own label
  3. Must practice minimum intervention winemaking
  4. No use of of cultured yeast
  5. No additives or chemical fining
  6. No technological processes that alter a wine’s constitution
  7. Only produces from “SIP” approved grape varietals
  8. Wines can be aged in maximum 25% new wood. Wood must be of European Origin
  9. Must be bottled in a Burgundy shaped bottle
  10. Wineries are subject to random spot checks for rule compliance
190
Q

What red grapes are “SIP” certified?

A 
Syrah/Shiraz
Mourvedre
Grenache
Carignan
Cinsault
Tinta Barocca
Pinotage
191
Q

What are the “SIP” certified white grapes?

A 
Chenin Blanc
Grenache Blanc
Marsanne
Rousanne
Clairete
Palomino [aka Fransdurif/Vaalblaar]
Semillon [aka Groendurif]
Muscat of Alexandria [Hanepoot]
Muscat d'Frontignan
Colombard
Verdelho
192
Q

Where is the Breede River Valley Region located?

A

The Breede River Valley Region is located east of Cape Town in the Western Cape

193
Q

How many districts are contained within the Breede River Valley? What are they?

A

The Breede River Valley Region contains 3 districts:

Breedekloof
Robertson
Worcester

194
Q

True or False:

The combined districts of Worchester and Breedekloof in the Breede River Valley produce the most amount of wine in South Africa.

A

True. These two produce over 25% of South Africa’s total national volume of wine and spirits

195
Q

Where is the Worcester District located?

A

The Worcester District is located in the middle of the three districts that compose the Breede River Valley Region in the Western Cape

196
Q

What are the top grapes grown in the Worcester Region?

A

Semillon
Colombard
Chenin Blanc
Ruby Cabernet

197
Q

Does Worcester contain any wards?

A

Yes, Worcester District contains 4 wards:

Hex River Valley
Nuy
Scherpenheuvel
Stettyn

198
Q

List the Wards of the Worcester District:

A

Hex River Valley
Nuy
Scherpenheuvel
Stettyn

199
Q

Are any of the Breede River Valley’s districts considered to be important for quality wine production?

A

Yes. Robertson

200
Q

True or False:

Dry Farming is commonly practices in the Robertson District of the Breede River Valley Region.

A

False. It is way too hot for that. The are gets less than 400mm of rain in a year making irrigation essential for viticulture.

201
Q

What are the common soil types found in Robertson?

A

Shale
Alluvial Soils
some calcium rich outcrops can also be found

202
Q

What style of wine is Robertson known for?

A

Robertson produces some fine whites from Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc. Reds are on the rise with a growing focus on Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon. The region has enjoyed a long-standing reputation for its fortified Muscadels and off-dry Colombard.

203
Q

What natural features influence the Robertson District?

A

The Breede River
Riversonderend Mountain
Langeberg Mountain

204
Q

List Robertson’s key producers:

A

Graham Beck
Springfield
de Wetshof

205
Q

Does Robertson contain any wards?

A

Yes! Robertson contains a whopping 14 wards!

206
Q

Where is the Klein Karoo Region?

A

Klein Karoo is located to the East [and slightly to the North] of Cape Town

207
Q

What is the climate like in the Klein Karoo Region?

A

Klein Karoo is an inland semi-desert region

208
Q

Does Klein Karoo specialize in anything in particular?

A

Besides being the Port-style wine capital of South Africa, Klein Karoo also specializes in Osrtich and Sheep farming.

209
Q

Does Klein Karoo contain any wards or districts?

A

It contains both! 2 Districts and 6 wards

210
Q

List the districts of Klein Karoo:

A

Calitzdorp

Langeberg-Garcia

211
Q

True or False:

Klein Karoo’s wards are not contained within either of its districts.

A

True

212
Q

What style of wine does Olifants River region specialize in?

A

Olifants River Region is chiefly a bulk grape-producing region. Most growers supply large local co-operatives with wine for distillation

213
Q

How many districts are contained in the Olifants River Region?

A

There are 2 districts in the Olifants River Region:

Citrusdal Mountain
Citrusdal Valley

214
Q

What are the districts located within the Olifants River Region?

A

Citrusdal Mountain

Citrusdal Valley

215
Q

When was the Cape South Coast Region added to the WO scheme?

A

Cape South Coast region was added to the WO scheme in 2010

216
Q

How many districts are in Cape South Coast?

A

There are 7 districts located within Cape South Coast:

Cape Agulhas
Elgin
Lower Duivenhoks River
Overberg
Plettenberg Bay
Swellendam
Walker Bay
217
Q

List all of the Districts of Cape South Coast:

A 
Elgin
Overberg
Walker Bay
Cape Alguhas
Swellendam
Lower Duivenhoks
Plettenberg Bay
218
Q

Which of Cape South Coast’s districts is considered the most promising?

A

Overberg

219
Q

What is the overall climate of Overberg?

A

The climate of Overberg is Cooler Maritime

220
Q

What are the major red grapes grown in Overgerg?

A

Pinot Noir
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot

221
Q

What are the major white grapes grown in Overberg?

A

Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay
Chenin Blanc
Semillon

222
Q

Is overbear divided into wards? If so, how many?

A

Yes! Overberg contains 4 wards:

Elandskloof
Greyton
Klein River
Theewater

223
Q

List Overberg’s wards:

A

Elandskloof
Greyton
Klein River
Theewater

224
Q

What are Overberg’s common soil types?

A

Shale

Sandstone

225
Q

What are the major natural features that influence Overberg?

A

The Hottentots-HOlland Mountains

Atlantic Ocean

226
Q

Name some of Overberg’s most notable producers:

A

Crystallum
Raka Wines
The Drift

227
Q

Until 2012, Elgin was a ward of ___________ district.

A

Overberg

228
Q

What are Elgin’s top white grapes?

A

Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay
Chenin Blanc
Semillon

229
Q

True or False:

Elgin is predominately a red wine district specializing in cool-climate Pinot Noir.

A

False. Elgin has forged its reputation on its white wines. They do, however, produce some very delicious Pinot Noir.

230
Q

Name 3 producers from Elgin:

A

Julien Schall
Iona
Paul Cluver
Oak Valley

CMS Advanced Exam (7 decks)

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