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South Africa Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Foundation that invests in wine marketing, viticultural research, and wine education in South Africa?

A

South African Wine Industry Trust

  • created after KWV was privatized
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2
Q

South African Wine of Origin (W.O.)

A

Created in 1973

  • is an attempt to guarantee label claims
  • participation is voluntary
  • origin (100%): region, district, ward, estate
  • vintage (75%)
  • grape variety (75%)
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3
Q

Wine & Spirits Board

Wine & Brandy Corporation

A

South African and Australian oversight boards responsible for wine laws, regions and production controls

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4
Q

Cultivar

A

South African name for a vine variety

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5
Q

Name the S. African Regional Hierarchy (smallest to largest)

A 
Estate
Ward (group of estates)
Districts (groups of Wards)
Region
Geographical Units

Wards and Districts can be isolated

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6
Q

When did the Cooperative movement begin in Z.A.?

A

1905

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7
Q

Who was one of the first winemakers to experiment with clay amphora in South Africa and what is the winery he was associated with?

A

Duncan Savage

Cape Point Vineyards

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8
Q

South Africa - of the total output of the harvest in 2017, what are the percentage of grapes to&raquo_space;>

  • wine
  • brandy
  • distilling
  • grape juice concentrate
A

(2017)

  1. 1% > Wine
  2. 2% > Distilling
  3. 3% > Brandy
  4. 4% > Grape Juice or Grape Concentrate
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9
Q

Where does S. Africa rank for world wine production by country?

A

(2017)

7th overall
3.9% of total world output

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10
Q

South Africa -

What has been the annual growth rate of contribution to GDP by the wine industry (2003-2017)?

A

10% per annum

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11
Q

South Africa -

What is the approximate GDP contribution of the wine industry?

A

R36.1B to GDP
Of which
R19.3B stays in the Western Cape region as local impact

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12
Q

Approximately how many people are employed by the South African wine industry?

A

(2015)

300,000 people both directly and indirectly

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13
Q

Approximately how much land is under vine in South Africa?

A

95,000 ha

White Varieties = 55.2%
Red = 44.8%

With Chenin and Cabernet Sauvignon both #1, respectively

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14
Q

South Africa allows

  • Chaptalization?
  • Acidification?
A

Chaptalization - no (don’t really need it)
Acidification - yes

There are no stipulations in yields or irrigation

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15
Q

What is the Benguela Current?

A

A cold ocean current that flows up the west coast of South Africa originating in Antarctica - basically keeps the climate very moderate

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16
Q

South Africa

If a region is stated on the label, what percentage of the wine must originate from that region?

A

100%

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17
Q

What is the Cape Doctor?

A

A strong south-easterly wind that blows in the South African summer

Carries very little humidity and helps to lower temps and disease pressure by aerating the vineyards

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18
Q

South Africa

Wards not part of a region:

A
  • Ceres
  • Cederberg
  • Prince Albert Valley
  • Swartberg
  • Lambert’s Bay
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19
Q

South Africa

Districts of the Breede River:

A
  • Breedekloof
  • Worcester
  • Robertson
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20
Q

South Africa

Districts of the Olifants River Region:

A
  • Lutzville valley
  • Citrusdal Valley
  • Citrusdal Mountain
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21
Q

South Africa

Districts in the Cape South Coast Region:

A
  • Overberg
  • Walker Bay
  • Swellendam
  • Cape Angulhas
  • Plettenberg Bay
  • Elgin
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22
Q

South Africa

Districts in the Klein Karoo Region:

A
  • Calitzdorp

- Langeberg-Garcia

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23
Q

South Africa

Districts in Coastal Region:

A
  • Swartland
  • Stellenbosch
  • Cape Town
  • Tulbagh
  • Paarl
  • Franschhoek Valley
  • Darling
  • Wellington
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24
Q

South Africa

Central Orange River is what and where?

A

It is a Ward in the Northern Cape

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25
Xam San
The indigenous people of South Africa
26
WOSA
Wine Of South Africa
27
WSB
South Africa Wine & Spirit Board
28
SWSA
Sustainable Wine South Africa
29
IPW
South Africa ``` Integrated Production of Wine scheme ``` - administered by the WSB - introduced in 1998
30
South Africa CFK
Cape Floral Kingdom - one of six plan kingdoms on earth - this is the smallest, but richest - 9500 plant species (which is more than the Northern Hemisphere) - 70% of the plants are not found anywhere else on earth
31
South Africa BWI
Biodiversity & Wine Initiative - partnership between S.A. Wine industry and the conservation sector - established in 2004
32
South Africa WIETA
``` Wine & Agricultural Ethical Trading Association ``` - an independent fair trade auditing body to promote ethical values in the supply chain
33
South Africa BEE
Black Economic Empowerment - introduced in 1990 - strategic government initiative driven by the Department of Trade and Industry
34
How many Great Floral Kingdoms are there in the world?
6 in the world The Western Cape is recognized as the smallest and the richest
35
Climate Conditions in the Western Cape:
Generally Mediterranean With regular coastal fog and cooling sea breezes
36
What is the ultimate labeling goal of the South African wine industry?
To have one seal, issued but the WSB (Wine & Spirits Board), that certifies the following: - WO information (vintage, date, variety) - IPW environmental sustainability - WIETA ethical treatment of workers
37
South Africa NTU
Natural Terroir Unit - a unit of the Earth’s surface characterized by the relatively homogeneous patterns of: topsoil, climate, geology, and soil
38
What is a pluton?
Dome-like intrusions of igneous magma into the earth’s crust which occurred at great depths and cooled slowly, resulting in a coarse crystalline (granitoid) texture. The Plutons have subsequently been exposed by erosion, resulting in dome-like mountains.
39
What si the underlying geology of Tabletop and Simonsberg Mountains?
Plutons or granite domes covered in sandstone deposits. Sandstone on a granitic base.
40
What is the main viticultural latitude range for South Africa?
27-34 degrees (south)
41
When does it rain in the Western Cape?
Mainly between May and August (winter)
42
What are the five main demarcated regions of South Africa wine production?
- Breede River Valley - Cape South Coast - Coastal Region - Klein Karoo - Olifants River
43
``` Since June 2, 2017, the following wine wards have been combined under what on name: Constantia Durbanville Philadelphia Hour Bay ```
Wine of Origin: “Cape Town” = District in the Coastal Region
44
Annual rainfall for the Constantia Ward in the Cape Town District?
1000mm - no need for irrigation here
45
Annual rainfall for the Durbanville Ward in the Cape Town district?
481mm - Greywacke and Phyllitic soils are deep and well-drained and can hold water = good for dry land production
46
Approximately how many bottles of MCC were produced in 2015?
7.2M | Methode Cap Classique
47
Minimum on the lees for MCC?
9 months
48
Minimum internal bottle pressure of MCC?
3 bars of pressure
49
What are the restrictions for MCC?
There are none, except for 9 months on the lees
50
South Africa What are the categories for dessert wines?
- Special late Harvest - Noble Late Harvest - Wine from Naturally Dried Grapes - Natural Sweet
51
South Africa What are the parameters for Noble Late Harvest wine?
- no filtration - no sweetening permitted - min RS content of 50g/L Grapes include: Chenin Blanc, Riesling, Semillon
52
South Africa What are the parameters for Special Late Harvest wines?
- no fortification permitted - no sweetening permitted - min abc of 11% - wine must have character of fully ripe grapes
53
South Africa What are the parameters for Wine Made from Naturally Dried Grapes?
- no fortification permitted - no sweetening allowed - category includes grapes desiccated on the vine and straw wines - min combined actual and potential alcohol abc of 16%
54
South Africa What are the parameters for Natural Sweet Wine?
- no fortification permitted - min RS of 20g/L - mainly simple entry level wines, but some are made as premium styles
55
What is Jerepigo?
South Africa - also known as ‘Jerepiko’ - fortified, unfermented grape juice - becoming unfashionable
56
South Africa Parameters for Port-style wines?
- 2012 - ‘Port’ removed from SA labels - wines are now ‘Cape White’ or ‘Cape Pink’ - must be fortified - must be made from non-muscat grapes - must be aged for 6 months (in oak for white)
57
South Africa Parameters for sherry-style wines?
- mostly made from Chenin - best are sclera aged for 4-6 years - min abc = 16% - color and character is defined by law - most SA are sweeter than Spain wines
58
South Africa What are the parameters for White Muscadel?
- fortified dessert wine made from one of the muscat grapes - often labeled ‘Hanepoot’ when from Muscat d’Alexandria - Labelled ‘Muscadel’ when from Muscat de Frontignan or Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains
59
Crouchen Blanc
‘Cape Riesling’ - wrongly called Weisser Riesling or Rhine Riesling for many years - can produce delicate fruity whites
60
Bukettraube
- white grape developed in DE - quality wine with Muscat bouquet - SA is one of the few countries to bottle varietally
61
Roobernet
A 1960s crossing Cabernet Sauvignon x Alicante Bouchet - has a grassy character (unusual) - resists disease well - often blended with Pinotage
62
When does harvesting happen in South Africa?
Mostly in February
63
When does flowering happen in South Africa?
November - December
64
When does the South African viticultural year begin?
September (Southern Hemisphere)
65
What South African region produces the most wine?
- BReedekloof (17.5%) - Robertson (17.2%) - Olifants River (15.4%) - Worcester (11.1%)
66
What South African region has the most vineyard plantings?
- Stellenbosch (16.1%) - Paarl (16.0%) - Robertson (13.7%) - Swartland (13.6%)
67
South Africa Describe Shale soils
- usually brownish, strongly structured, on partly decomposed parent rock, with good nutrient reserves and water-retention properties. Glenrosa Swartland Klapmuts Estcourt
68
South Africa Describe Granitic soils
Usually red to yellow colored, acidic, and found on mountain foothill slopes and on ranges of hills, with good physical and water-retention properties Oakleaf Tukulu Hutton Clovelly
69
South Africa Describe Table Mountain Sandstone
Sandy with low nutrient and water-retention properties Fernwood Longlands Westleigh Dundee
70
What are the three most important soil types in South Africa?
Derived from: - Table Mountain Sandstone - Granite - Shale
71
Boberg (region)
For use with respect to Fortified wines from: - Paarl - Franschhoek - Wellington - Tulbagh
72
What wards are in the Cape Town District?
- Constantia - Hout Bay - Durbanville - Philadelphia
73
What is the southern-most point in Africa?
Cape Angulhas
74
South Africa When did the French Huguenots settle at the Cape?
Between 1680-1690
75
South Africa Who was the first Governor of the Cape?
Jan van Riebeeck
76
South Africa When was the first wine made in the Cape?
2 February, 1659
77
When were the first vineyards planted in South Africa and by whom?
1655 Jan van Riebeeck
78
South Africa What happened at the Cape in 1652, and by whom?
Dutch East India Co. established a refreshment station for the fleet sailing to India.
79
Vin de Constance
The first New World wine to be coveted throughout the Courts of Europe
80
South Africa Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains is also known as:
Muscat de Frontignan Or Muscadel
81
South Africa What happened at the end of the 1800s to affect the wine industry in S.A.?
3 things: - 1861 - British abolish preferential tariffs - thus allowing French wine to flow more easily - Phylloxera in 1885 - Colonial War Basically is it all decimated the wine industry well into the 1900s
82
When was KWV formed?
1918 - with support of 90% of the growers - privatized in 1997
83
Ko-opertative Wijnbouwers Vereeniging van Zuid-Afrika
KWV - fixed minimum prices - determined areas of production - established production limits - powers were formalized in the 1924 Wine & Spirits Control Act

NEWA - South Africa (1 decks)

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