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NEWA - South Africa > South Africa > Flashcards

South Africa Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Foundation that invests in wine marketing, viticultural research, and wine education in South Africa?

A

South African Wine Industry Trust

  • created after KWV was privatized
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2
Q

South African Wine of Origin (W.O.)

A

Created in 1973

  • is an attempt to guarantee label claims
  • participation is voluntary
  • origin (100%): region, district, ward, estate
  • vintage (75%)
  • grape variety (75%)
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3
Q

Wine & Spirits Board

Wine & Brandy Corporation

A

South African and Australian oversight boards responsible for wine laws, regions and production controls

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4
Q

Cultivar

A

South African name for a vine variety

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5
Q

Name the S. African Regional Hierarchy (smallest to largest)

A 
Estate
Ward (group of estates)
Districts (groups of Wards)
Region
Geographical Units

Wards and Districts can be isolated

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6
Q

When did the Cooperative movement begin in Z.A.?

A

1905

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7
Q

Who was one of the first winemakers to experiment with clay amphora in South Africa and what is the winery he was associated with?

A

Duncan Savage

Cape Point Vineyards

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8
Q

South Africa - of the total output of the harvest in 2017, what are the percentage of grapes to&raquo_space;>

  • wine
  • brandy
  • distilling
  • grape juice concentrate
A

(2017)

  1. 1% > Wine
  2. 2% > Distilling
  3. 3% > Brandy
  4. 4% > Grape Juice or Grape Concentrate
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9
Q

Where does S. Africa rank for world wine production by country?

A

(2017)

7th overall
3.9% of total world output

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10
Q

South Africa -

What has been the annual growth rate of contribution to GDP by the wine industry (2003-2017)?

A

10% per annum

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11
Q

South Africa -

What is the approximate GDP contribution of the wine industry?

A

R36.1B to GDP
Of which
R19.3B stays in the Western Cape region as local impact

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12
Q

Approximately how many people are employed by the South African wine industry?

A

(2015)

300,000 people both directly and indirectly

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13
Q

Approximately how much land is under vine in South Africa?

A

95,000 ha

White Varieties = 55.2%
Red = 44.8%

With Chenin and Cabernet Sauvignon both #1, respectively

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14
Q

South Africa allows

  • Chaptalization?
  • Acidification?
A

Chaptalization - no (don’t really need it)
Acidification - yes

There are no stipulations in yields or irrigation

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15
Q

What is the Benguela Current?

A

A cold ocean current that flows up the west coast of South Africa originating in Antarctica - basically keeps the climate very moderate

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16
Q

South Africa

If a region is stated on the label, what percentage of the wine must originate from that region?

A

100%

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17
Q

What is the Cape Doctor?

A

A strong south-easterly wind that blows in the South African summer

Carries very little humidity and helps to lower temps and disease pressure by aerating the vineyards

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18
Q

South Africa

Wards not part of a region:

A
  • Ceres
  • Cederberg
  • Prince Albert Valley
  • Swartberg
  • Lambert’s Bay
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19
Q

South Africa

Districts of the Breede River:

A
  • Breedekloof
  • Worcester
  • Robertson
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20
Q

South Africa

Districts of the Olifants River Region:

A
  • Lutzville valley
  • Citrusdal Valley
  • Citrusdal Mountain
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21
Q

South Africa

Districts in the Cape South Coast Region:

A
  • Overberg
  • Walker Bay
  • Swellendam
  • Cape Angulhas
  • Plettenberg Bay
  • Elgin
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22
Q

South Africa

Districts in the Klein Karoo Region:

A
  • Calitzdorp

- Langeberg-Garcia

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23
Q

South Africa

Districts in Coastal Region:

A
  • Swartland
  • Stellenbosch
  • Cape Town
  • Tulbagh
  • Paarl
  • Franschhoek Valley
  • Darling
  • Wellington
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24
Q

South Africa

Central Orange River is what and where?

A

It is a Ward in the Northern Cape

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25
Q

Xam San

A

The indigenous people of South Africa

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26
Q

WOSA

A

Wine
Of
South
Africa

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27
Q

WSB

A

South Africa

Wine
&
Spirit
Board

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28
Q

SWSA

A

Sustainable
Wine
South
Africa

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29
Q

IPW

A

South Africa

Integrated
Production
 of
Wine
scheme
  • administered by the WSB
  • introduced in 1998
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30
Q

South Africa

CFK

A

Cape
Floral
Kingdom

  • one of six plan kingdoms on earth
  • this is the smallest, but richest
  • 9500 plant species (which is more than the Northern Hemisphere)
  • 70% of the plants are not found anywhere else on earth
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31
Q

South Africa

BWI

A

Biodiversity
&
Wine
Initiative

  • partnership between S.A. Wine industry and the conservation sector
  • established in 2004
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32
Q

South Africa

WIETA

A 
Wine
&
Agricultural
Ethical
Trading
Association
  • an independent fair trade auditing body to promote ethical values in the supply chain
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33
Q

South Africa

BEE

A

Black
Economic
Empowerment

  • introduced in 1990
  • strategic government initiative driven by the Department of Trade and Industry
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34
Q

How many Great Floral Kingdoms are there in the world?

A

6 in the world

The Western Cape is recognized as the smallest and the richest

35
Q

Climate Conditions in the Western Cape:

A

Generally Mediterranean

With regular coastal fog and cooling sea breezes

36
Q

What is the ultimate labeling goal of the South African wine industry?

A

To have one seal, issued but the WSB (Wine & Spirits Board), that certifies the following:

  • WO information (vintage, date, variety)
  • IPW environmental sustainability
  • WIETA ethical treatment of workers
37
Q

South Africa

NTU

A

Natural
Terroir
Unit

  • a unit of the Earth’s surface characterized by the relatively homogeneous patterns of: topsoil, climate, geology, and soil
38
Q

What is a pluton?

A

Dome-like intrusions of igneous magma into the earth’s crust which occurred at great depths and cooled slowly, resulting in a coarse crystalline (granitoid) texture.

The Plutons have subsequently been exposed by erosion, resulting in dome-like mountains.

39
Q

What si the underlying geology of Tabletop and Simonsberg Mountains?

A

Plutons or granite domes covered in sandstone deposits.

Sandstone on a granitic base.

40
Q

What is the main viticultural latitude range for South Africa?

A

27-34 degrees (south)

41
Q

When does it rain in the Western Cape?

A

Mainly between May and August (winter)

42
Q

What are the five main demarcated regions of South Africa wine production?

A
  • Breede River Valley
  • Cape South Coast
  • Coastal Region
  • Klein Karoo
  • Olifants River
43
Q 
Since June 2, 2017, the following wine wards have been combined under what on name:
Constantia
Durbanville
Philadelphia
Hour Bay
A

Wine of Origin: “Cape Town” = District in the Coastal Region

44
Q

Annual rainfall for the Constantia Ward in the Cape Town District?

A

1000mm

  • no need for irrigation here
45
Q

Annual rainfall for the Durbanville Ward in the Cape Town district?

A

481mm

  • Greywacke and Phyllitic soils are deep and well-drained and can hold water

= good for dry land production

46
Q

Approximately how many bottles of MCC were produced in 2015?

A

7.2M

Methode Cap Classique

47
Q

Minimum on the lees for MCC?

48
Q

Minimum internal bottle pressure of MCC?

A

3 bars of pressure

49
Q

What are the restrictions for MCC?

A

There are none, except for 9 months on the lees

50
Q

South Africa

What are the categories for dessert wines?

A
  • Special late Harvest
  • Noble Late Harvest
  • Wine from Naturally Dried Grapes
  • Natural Sweet
51
Q

South Africa

What are the parameters for Noble Late Harvest wine?

A
  • no filtration
  • no sweetening permitted
  • min RS content of 50g/L
    Grapes include: Chenin Blanc, Riesling, Semillon
52
Q

South Africa

What are the parameters for Special Late Harvest wines?

A
  • no fortification permitted
  • no sweetening permitted
  • min abc of 11%
  • wine must have character of fully ripe grapes
53
Q

South Africa

What are the parameters for Wine Made from Naturally Dried Grapes?

A
  • no fortification permitted
  • no sweetening allowed
  • category includes grapes desiccated on the vine and straw wines
  • min combined actual and potential alcohol abc of 16%
54
Q

South Africa

What are the parameters for Natural Sweet Wine?

A
  • no fortification permitted
  • min RS of 20g/L
  • mainly simple entry level wines, but some are made as premium styles
55
Q

What is Jerepigo?

A

South Africa

  • also known as ‘Jerepiko’
  • fortified, unfermented grape juice
  • becoming unfashionable
56
Q

South Africa

Parameters for Port-style wines?

A
  • 2012 - ‘Port’ removed from SA labels
  • wines are now ‘Cape White’ or ‘Cape Pink’
  • must be fortified
  • must be made from non-muscat grapes
  • must be aged for 6 months (in oak for white)
57
Q

South Africa

Parameters for sherry-style wines?

A
  • mostly made from Chenin
  • best are sclera aged for 4-6 years
  • min abc = 16%
  • color and character is defined by law
  • most SA are sweeter than Spain wines
58
Q

South Africa

What are the parameters for White Muscadel?

A
  • fortified dessert wine made from one of the muscat grapes
  • often labeled ‘Hanepoot’ when from Muscat d’Alexandria
  • Labelled ‘Muscadel’ when from Muscat de Frontignan or Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains
59
Q

Crouchen Blanc

A

‘Cape Riesling’

  • wrongly called Weisser Riesling or Rhine Riesling for many years
  • can produce delicate fruity whites
60
Q

Bukettraube

A
  • white grape developed in DE
  • quality wine with Muscat bouquet
  • SA is one of the few countries to bottle varietally
61
Q

Roobernet

A

A 1960s crossing

Cabernet Sauvignon x Alicante Bouchet

  • has a grassy character (unusual)
  • resists disease well
  • often blended with Pinotage
62
Q

When does harvesting happen in South Africa?

A

Mostly in February

63
Q

When does flowering happen in South Africa?

A

November - December

64
Q

When does the South African viticultural year begin?

A

September (Southern Hemisphere)

65
Q

What South African region produces the most wine?

A
  • BReedekloof (17.5%)
  • Robertson (17.2%)
  • Olifants River (15.4%)
  • Worcester (11.1%)
66
Q

What South African region has the most vineyard plantings?

A
  • Stellenbosch (16.1%)
  • Paarl (16.0%)
  • Robertson (13.7%)
  • Swartland (13.6%)
67
Q

South Africa

Describe Shale soils

A
  • usually brownish, strongly structured, on partly decomposed parent rock, with good nutrient reserves and water-retention properties.

Glenrosa
Swartland
Klapmuts
Estcourt

68
Q

South Africa

Describe Granitic soils

A

Usually red to yellow colored, acidic, and found on mountain foothill slopes and on ranges of hills, with good physical and water-retention properties

Oakleaf
Tukulu
Hutton
Clovelly

69
Q

South Africa

Describe Table Mountain Sandstone

A

Sandy with low nutrient and water-retention properties

Fernwood
Longlands
Westleigh
Dundee

70
Q

What are the three most important soil types in South Africa?

A

Derived from:

  • Table Mountain Sandstone
  • Granite
  • Shale
71
Q

Boberg (region)

A

For use with respect to Fortified wines from:

  • Paarl
  • Franschhoek
  • Wellington
  • Tulbagh
72
Q

What wards are in the Cape Town District?

A
  • Constantia
  • Hout Bay
  • Durbanville
  • Philadelphia
73
Q

What is the southern-most point in Africa?

A

Cape Angulhas

74
Q

South Africa

When did the French Huguenots settle at the Cape?

A

Between 1680-1690

75
Q

South Africa

Who was the first Governor of the Cape?

A

Jan van Riebeeck

76
Q

South Africa

When was the first wine made in the Cape?

A

2 February, 1659

77
Q

When were the first vineyards planted in South Africa and by whom?

A

1655

Jan van Riebeeck

78
Q

South Africa

What happened at the Cape in 1652, and by whom?

A

Dutch East India Co. established a refreshment station for the fleet sailing to India.

79
Q

Vin de Constance

A

The first New World wine to be coveted throughout the Courts of Europe

80
Q

South Africa

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains is also known as:

A

Muscat de Frontignan
Or
Muscadel

81
Q

South Africa

What happened at the end of the 1800s to affect the wine industry in S.A.?

A

3 things:
- 1861 - British abolish preferential tariffs - thus allowing French wine to flow more easily

  • Phylloxera in 1885
  • Colonial War

Basically is it all decimated the wine industry well into the 1900s

82
Q

When was KWV formed?

A

1918
- with support of 90% of the growers

  • privatized in 1997
83
Q

Ko-opertative Wijnbouwers Vereeniging van Zuid-Afrika

A

KWV

  • fixed minimum prices
  • determined areas of production
  • established production limits
  • powers were formalized in the 1924 Wine & Spirits Control Act

NEWA - South Africa (1 decks)

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