South Africa Flashcards
1
Q
When was the ANC formed
A
1912
2
Q
Why was the ANC first ineffective
A
Its leaders thought that the best way of achieving its aims was to keep on good terms with the white government and win their respect
3
Q
When was the african national congress youth league (ANCYL) established
A
2 april 1944
4
Q
Who established the ANCYL
A
Anton Lembede, Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, Oliver Tambo and Ashby Mda
5
Q
What approach did the members of the ANCYL take compared to the ANC
A
A more militant, active and defiant approach, marking a radical departure from the tactics of the ANC
6
Q
What was the defiance campaign a first of
A
First large scale, multi racial protest
7
Q
What did the defiance campaign lead the ANC to be recognised as
A
It became recognised as the leading voice of black resistance
8
Q
How much did membership of the ANC rise after the Defiance campaign
A
From 7000-100,000
9
Q
Who was increasingly recognised as a key leader of the ANC’s resistance campaign
A
Nelson Mandela
10
Q
What did the government use the 1950 Supression of communism act to do
A
Arrest campaigners
11
Q
What happened to the arrested campaigners from the defiance campaign
A
Many were banned without trial or charge
12
Q
What did being banned mean for the arrested campaigners
A
- they were forced to live in specified places (often far from family)
- they were under constant police surveillance
- they were forbidden to meet with specified people
- they were forbidden from writing or broadcasting
- they were unable to move around the country freely
13
Q
What did the UN do when they recognised that apartheid was an international issue
A
They set up a special commission to investigate South Aftrica
14
Q
When were people arrested for being connected to the Freedom Charter
A
December 1956
15
Q
How many people were arrested for being connected to the Freedom Charter
A
156
16
Q
What were the people arrested in connection with the Freedom Charter accused of
A
Treason and supporting communism
17
Q
How long was the Freedom Charter trial dragged on for and what was the result
A
It dragged on for 5 years and they were all acquitted
18
Q
When did the Youth Leagues leader Anton Lembede die?
A
1947
19
Q
When was the PAC (Pan african congress) formed
A
1959
20
Q
Who was the PAC led by
A
Robert Sobukwe with Ashby and Mda
21
Q
When was the prohibition of mixed marriages act
A
1949
22
Q
When was the immorality act
A
1950
23
Q
When was the population registration act
A
1950
24
Q
When was the suppression of communism act
A
1950
25
When was the Group areas act
1950
26
When was the Bantu Authorities Act
1951
27
When was the Abolition of Passes act
1952
28
When was the Bantu Education Act
1953
29
When was the separate amenities act
1953
30
What did the prohibition of mixed marriages act of 1949 do
It made marriages between people of different races illegal, made possible by population registration act
31
What did the immorality act of 1950 do
It made sexual relations between people of different races illegal
32
What did the population registration act of 1950 do
Defined which race every south african belonged to, people could be reclassified if they wanted to which required an inspection of skin nails and hair
33
What did the suppression of communism act of 1950 do
It defined communism as any form of unrest/protest and gave the government powers to arrest and hold people without charge, to “ban” them so that they could not meet others or take part in politics, or to put them under house arrest
34
What did the group areas act of 1950 do
each town or city was separated into “white”, “coloured” or “black” areas. Forcibly evicted those in ‘wrong’ areas
35
What did the bantu authorities act of 1951 do
Black south africans could only liv permanently on their tribal reservations, led by their tribal leaders. Reservations were based on the different tribes of black south africans
36
What did the abolition of passes act of 1952 do
Rewrote pass laws, making it so that all non-white people had to carry their pass books to enter a white area
37
What did the bantu education act of 1953 do
Brainchild of Verwoerd moved control of black south african education to ministry of native affairs
38
What did the separate amenities act of 1953 do
It divided public services and spaces according to “European” and “non-european” areas, resulting in separate parks, beaches, post offices, trains and buses, cinemas and seating at sporting events
39
Until when did the national party hold power
1994
40
What was the main argument of the national party based upon
FEAR, fear of becoming a minority
41
What year did the first post-war general election take place in South Africa?
1948
42
Which political party won the 1948 South African general election?
The National Party
43
True or False: The 1948 election marked the beginning of apartheid in South Africa.
True
44
Fill in the blank: The 1948 election introduced a system of _______ based on racial classification.
apartheid
45
What was the primary ideology promoted by the National Party after their election victory in 1948?
Apartheid
46
Who was the leader of the National Party during the 1948 election?
Daniel François Malan
47
What percentage of the white vote did the National Party receive in the 1948 election?
Approximately 40%
48
Which two parties were the main opponents of the National Party in the 1948 election?
The United Party and the Labour Party
49
True or False: The 1948 election allowed all South African citizens to vote.
False
50
What was the significant outcome of the 1948 election regarding the rights of non-white South Africans?
The implementation of apartheid laws restricting their rights.
51
What was the primary method used by the National Party to gain support during the 1948 election?
Appealing to racial fears and promoting segregation.
52
In which month did the 1948 South African general election occur?
May
53
What was the voter turnout in the 1948 South African election?
Around 90% of eligible white voters.
54
What was the name of the policy that formalized racial segregation in South Africa post-1948?
Apartheid
55
Fill in the blank: The National Party's victory in 1948 led to the establishment of a _______ government.
racially discriminatory
56
Which demographic group was primarily disenfranchised by the laws enacted post-1948?
Non-white South Africans
57
What was the main slogan used by the National Party during the 1948 election campaign?
Afrikaner nationalism and the need for racial separation.
58
True or False: The 1948 election was the first time the National Party came to power in South Africa.
True
59
What was one of the key reasons for the National Party's electoral success in 1948?
The United Party's perceived failure to address Afrikaner concerns.
60
What was the immediate international reaction to the implementation of apartheid after the 1948 election?
Condemnation and criticism from various countries.
61
How did the 1948 election impact the political landscape in South Africa for the next few decades?
It entrenched the system of apartheid and led to increased repression of dissent.
62
What was the primary focus of the legislation passed by the National Party after the 1948 election?
To institutionalize racial segregation and discrimination.
63
Fill in the blank: The 1948 election is often seen as a turning point in South African _______.
history
64
What long-term effect did the 1948 election have on South African society?
The creation of a deeply divided society along racial lines.
65
What is the Freedom Charter?
The Freedom Charter is a document that was adopted by the Congress of the People in 1955, outlining the vision for a non-racial, democratic South Africa.
66
True or False: The Freedom Charter was created to support the apartheid regime.
False
67
Fill in the blank: The Freedom Charter states that 'The People Shall Govern!' This reflects the demand for _______.
democratic governance
68
What year was the Freedom Charter adopted?
1955
69
Which organization led the Congress of the People that adopted the Freedom Charter?
The African National Congress (ANC)
70
What was one key demand of the Freedom Charter regarding land?
Land should be shared among those who work it.
71
True or False: The Treason Trial was a direct response to the adoption of the Freedom Charter.
True
72
What was the Treason Trial?
The Treason Trial was a legal proceeding against 156 anti-apartheid activists accused of treason for their role in the adoption of the Freedom Charter.
73
In what year did the Treason Trial begin?
1956
74
What was the outcome of the Treason Trial for most of the defendants?
Most of the defendants were acquitted in 1961.
75
Multiple Choice: Which of the following was NOT a demand in the Freedom Charter? A) Equal rights for all B) Nationalization of banks C) Establishment of a monarchy D) Land reform
C) Establishment of a monarchy
76
What was the significance of the Freedom Charter in the anti-apartheid movement?
It served as a foundational document that unified various groups against apartheid and articulated a vision for a democratic South Africa.
77
Fill in the blank: The Freedom Charter emphasizes _______ as a fundamental human right.
equality
78
True or False: The Freedom Charter called for the end of racial discrimination in all forms.
True
79
What was the political climate in South Africa during the time of the Freedom Charter's adoption?
It was characterized by the establishment of apartheid and institutionalized racial segregation.
80
Which prominent leader was associated with the Freedom Charter and the ANC during the anti-apartheid struggle?
Nelson Mandela
81
Multiple Choice: Who were some of the prominent figures involved in the Treason Trial? A) Walter Sisulu B) Oliver Tambo C) Albert Luthuli D) All of the above
D) All of the above
82
What role did the international community play during the Treason Trial?
The international community condemned the trial as a political maneuver against the anti-apartheid movement.
83
Fill in the blank: The Freedom Charter was seen as a _______ for the oppressed people of South Africa.
manifesto
84
True or False: The Freedom Charter was solely focused on the rights of black South Africans.
False
85
What was one of the effects of the Treason Trial on the anti-apartheid movement?
It galvanized support for the movement both domestically and internationally.
86
What does the phrase 'The People Shall Share in the Country's Wealth' from the Freedom Charter signify?
It emphasizes economic equality and the redistribution of wealth.
87
What was the duration of the Treason Trial?
The trial lasted until 1961, spanning several years.
88
Which document did the Freedom Charter influence in later years?
The Constitution of South Africa adopted in 1996.
