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WW5-2 ROW > South Africa > Flashcards

South Africa Flashcards

1
Q

Top 8 varieties grown in South Africa?

A

Chenin Blanc, Colombard, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Sauvignon Blanc, Pinotage, Chardonnay, Merlot.

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2
Q

Black varieties account for what percentage of plantings?

A

45%

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3
Q

When was Pinotage created?

A

1925

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4
Q

What is Pinotage a crossing of?

A

Pinot noir and Cinsault (Hermitage)

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5
Q

What is the climate of the Western Cape?

A

Warm Mediterranean

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6
Q

How is the climate of the Western Cape growing regions influenced?

A

Mountain ranges, slope and aspect.

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7
Q

How are most growing areas in South Africa cooled?

A

Proximity to the ocean, this allows cooler varieties such as Pinot Noir to be grown.

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8
Q

What is the name of the north flowing cool current?

A

Benguela Current

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9
Q

What are the positives of the Benguela Current?

A

Tempers viticultural regions and brings coastal fog and cooling breezes.

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10
Q

What is the name of the spring/summer south-easterly wind?

A

The Cape Doctor

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11
Q

Positives and negatives of the Cape Doctor?

A

Keeps fungal diseases at bay by circulating air through vines.
Can severely damage leaves and affect flowering and fruit set.

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12
Q

Is drip irrigation used?

A

In some drier areas drip irrigation is permitted however due to water pressure some areas e.g. Swartland are dry farmed.

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13
Q

Three principal soils in the Western Cape?

A

Sandstone- Low nutrient, poor water retention.
Granite- Water retaining, ideal for dry farming.
Shale- Nutrient rich, water retaining.

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14
Q

What is the vine density like in South Africa?

A

Low with larger vines carrying more fruit

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15
Q

Which viral diseases are prevalent and what measures are being taken?

A

Fanleaf and Leafroll
Contained and eliminated through planting virus-free vines

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16
Q

Do yields vary in South Africa?

A

Yes, chenin blanc yield is four times higher in Olifants River than Swartland.

17
Q

How do expensive Chenin Blanc producers add complexity to wines?

A

3-9 months of lees ageing for tank fermented wines.
Oak age of 10-12 months.
Batonnage sometimes.

18
Q

Characteristics of Chenin Blanc wines in South Africa?

A

Medium to pronounced intensity
Ripe yellow apple, peach and tropical fruit characteristics
High acidity
Medium body
Sometimes vanilla and toast from oak.

19
Q

Premium wines made from Pinotage tend to be?

A

Fuller bodied and more tannic

20
Q

How does Pinotage winemaking maximise colour extraction?

A

Cold soaking before crushing
Left on skins for 3-5 days post fermentation

21
Q

How are premium Pinotage wines aged?

A

12-15 months in French oak barriques (old + new). Released two years after vintage.

22
Q

How are inexpensive Pinotage wines aged?

A

Aged in stainless steel or used oak barrels with alternatives (chips/staves). Released 6-12 months after vintage.

23
Q

Alongside varietal wines there are three main blends in South Africa, name them.

A

Cape Blend- Chenin dominated with some Rhone varieties.
Red Bordeaux
Red Cape Blend- Significant proportion of Pinotage/Rhone varieties.

24
Q

What are the four stages of wine classification with an example?

A

Geographical Unit e.g. Western Cape.
Region- Large areas named after a feature e.g. Coastal Region.
District e.g. Stellenbosch or Walker Bay
Ward- Defined area within a district e.g. Simonsberg-Stellenbosch.

25
Q

How are wards defined within a district?

A

Common soils, climate and ecological factors.

26
Q

Estate wines must be?

A

Grown, made and bottled on the estate.

27
Q

How does the Wine of Origin scheme ensure labelling is true?

A

100% of grapes MUST come from a stated region.
85% of wine MUST come from a stated vintage.
85% of wine MUST come from stated variety.

28
Q

How is the Wine of Origin scheme certified?

A

With a certification seal containing an ID number on the packaging.

29
Q

What is the Integrated Production of Wine Scheme 1998 (IPW)?

A

A set of guidelines for sustainable farming covering environmental impact, water usage, health + safety and biodynamic protection.

30
Q

What percentage of South African growers are part of the Integrated Production of Wine Scheme 1998?

A

95%

31
Q

What scheme focuses on ethical trade and fair treatment of workers?

A

Wine and Agricultural Ethical Trade Association (WIETA)

32
Q

What are the two wards within the Cape Town district?

A

Constantia
Durbanville

33
Q

Describe the climate, soil, grapes and wine styles of Constantia?

A

East-facing slopes with cooling sea breezes.
Low-vigour granite soils.
White= Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay
Red= Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz

Famous for producing Vin de Constance. A SA dessert wine made from Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains (muscadel).

34
Q

Describe the climate, soil, grapes and wine styles of Durbanville?

A

100-300m altitude with cooling breezes from False Bay.
Shale soils.
Dominated by Sauvignon Blanc planted on cooler sites for greener flavour characteristics.

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