Sources Of Drugs (chap 1)

Question 1

What is pharmacy

Answer 1

Pharmacy talks only about the drug or it is the profession or science of preparing, dispensing and ensuring the safe and effective use of the drug

Question 2

What is pharmacology

Answer 2

Pharmacology is the study of how the drug interacts on the living organism, it focuses on the
1. Mechanisms of the drug action
2. Effects of the drug on the system
3. Toxicity and its side effects

Question 3

What is drug

Answer 3

Any substance or product that is intended to used to
1. Prevent, treat and diagnose a disease
2. Alternatively biological processes or
3. Modify physiological functions
For the benefit of the patient

Question 4

What is pharmacognosy

Answer 4

The study of medicine or drug that is produced from natural sources such as plants, animals and microbes

Question 5

Drug(example) that is used to
1.prevent
2.treat
3.diagnose
4. Modify physiological processes

Answer 5

1. Vaccines
2. Paracetamol
3. Iohexol for CT scans
4. Supplements for vitamin

Question 6

What are the two main points to look in a drug

Answer 6

Safety and efficacy(meaning effectiveness)

Question 7

What is clinical and pre clinical

Answer 7

Pre clinical are the trails performed on (mainly) animals before it is used on humans while clinical is the trail performed on humans

Question 8

Name the source of drugs

Answer 8

1. Plant sources
2. Animal sources
3. Microbiological sources
4. Mineral sources
5. Synthetic and semi synthetic sources
6. Recombinant dna technology
7. Monoclonal antibodies
   ( 1. To 4. Main points)

Question 9

Name some plant drugs sources

Answer 9

1. Nicotiana tobacum
2. Opium or poppy seeds
3. Atropa belladonna
   4.Foxglove or digitalis purpurea
4. Vinca rosea
5. Cinchona pubescens
6. Rauwolfia serpentine
   (Main example 1 to 5)

Question 10

Nicotiana tobacum produces which drug and what is it used for

Answer 10

Drug: nicotine
Use: stimulate the nicotine receptors
(Causes rapid neural and neuromuscular transmission)

Question 11

What drug opium seed produces and uses

Answer 11

Drug : morphine
Uses: analgesic ( painkillers)
(Helps to treat pain and used as sedative)
Sedative helps in slowing down brain functioning

Question 12

Atropa belladonna produces which drug and uses

Answer 12

Drug: atropine
Uses: anticholinergic drug for op poisoning (organophosphate poisoning) also used primarily to dilute the eyes

[Anticholinergic drugs block the activity of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that controls involuntary muscle movements]

Question 13

What does belladonna mean and what is the history related to that

Answer 13

Belladonna means pretty woman as women used the juice of the berries of this plant to dilute their eyes since it was considered pretty at that time period

Question 14

Vina rosea produces which drug and uses

Answer 14

Drug: Vinca alkaloid ( starts with ‘vin’)
Uses: anticancer, diabetes and high blood pressure

Question 15

Foxglove or digitalis purpurea produces which drug and uses

Answer 15

Drug: digitalis
Uses: to treat heart failures (CHF) and heart rhythm problems

Question 16

Which famous artist is associated with digitalis and what r the side effect

Answer 16

Artist: Vincent Van Gogh
Side Effects: yellowish vision and hallucinations

Question 17

Cinchona pubescens produce which drug and uses

Answer 17

Drug: Quinine
Uses: malaria

Question 18

Rauwolfia serpentina produces which drug and uses

Answer 18

Drug: rauwolfia alkaloid example reserpidine
Used : to treat hypertension ( anti hypertensive agent)

Question 19

Rauwolfia is commonly found in

Answer 19

India