Source questions facts Flashcards
What were the 3 ‘factory act’ legislations?
Factory act 1833
mines and collieries act 1842
Factory act 1844
What did the first factory act do?
children limited working hours (9hrs 9-13, 12hrs 13-18) only 4 factory inspectors though
What did the 2nd ‘factory act’ do?
No underground work for women/children or boys under 10
What did the 3rd factory act do?
didn’t give in to 10 hr movement, (8-13 6 1/2 hrs/day, women + teens still 12hrs) more regulation on schooling + age certification
Effectiveness of chartists? x3
long term- aims achieved (but not annual elections), but aims not met in their lifetime, inspired future movements e.g. suffragettes, (quickly faded away)
Threat of Chartism? x3
Newport uprising- 5,000 miners attacked town 20 killed
Gov preparations of 150,000 special constables before Kennington common meeting
Leaders used petitions and politics primarily- even O’Connor withdrew from violence
Why Chartism fail? x3
Division of leaders- O’Connor and Lovett
Disliked unskilled as much as upper class/aristocracy
Improving economy brought stability and removed immediate discontent in 1850s
Aims/causes of Chartism? x3
GRA disillusionment, betrayal by Whig gov- Tolpuddle martyrs, handloom weavers 1806- 184,000, by 1850 only 10,000
Who were the Tolpuddle martyrs? x3
Labourers charged under 1797 act against treasonable oaths, just wanted better pay, sentenced March 1834 to 7 yrs trans, demonstration April ‘34 of 100,000, pardoned 1836.
Trade unions- how far developed? x3
Beginnings of NATIONAL organisations (Grand National Consolidated Trade Union 1834), but small- even at 1850 only 250,000 Trade Union members, divided- as opposed to unskilled as to skilled
Why poor law introduced? x3
lack of uniformity across country, increasing pop. 5 mil increase in 4yrs, felt poor were too lazy/undeserving/burden on hard-working farmers/landowners
Poor law effective? x3
No- cost more than original system- from £1.5 mil in 1770s to £7 mil in 1832, didn’t work where work was seasonal, widespread opposition after cases such as Andover workhouse scandal
Poor law opposition? x4
tory paternalists (Oastler), working class radicals, JPs and Overseers, working class poor
Why Corn laws repealed? x3
Irish famine 1846, threat of ACLL, interest in free trade as seen by context of peel’s financial reforms, genuine dedication to the people
Effective ACLL? x3
use of penny post, working class + middle class support, raised £50,000 1842, £100,000 1843
