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Music Prod. > Sound Theory > Flashcards

Sound Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

Sound

A

A vibration or mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a medium, composed of frequencies within the human hearing range.

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2
Q

Sympathetic Vibration

A

The vibration of the medium when a sound wave hits it.

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3
Q

Compression

A

Regions with high air pressure in a sound wave.

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4
Q

Rarefactions

A

Regions of low air pressure in a sound wave.

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5
Q

What are sound waves often referred to as?

A

Pressure waves

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6
Q

Amplitude

A

Loudness; Strength of signal

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7
Q

What is the simplest form of sound?

A

Sine wave

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8
Q

What sound wave is always made up of a single frequency?

A

Sine Wave

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9
Q

Frequency

A

The rate at which any kind of motion repeats itself/the number of oscillations completed in a second.

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10
Q

What is a cycle?

A

A completed oscillation

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11
Q

How many kHz is in 1000Hz?

A

1

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12
Q

How many Hz is in 2kHz

A

2000

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13
Q

What is frequency measure in?

A

Cycles/second

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14
Q

What is Time measured in?

A

Seconds/cycle

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15
Q

What is the first way to fix a mix?

A

Adjusting the EQ

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16
Q

Frequency Response

A

A component’s ability to produce audio output within a particular frequency range.

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17
Q

Frequency Response Curve

A

A graphed measurement of a component’s output according to frequency, in comparison to the input signal.

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18
Q

What represents the amplitude of a signal in a waveform?

A

The distance above or below the centerline of a waveform

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19
Q

Peak Level

A

The measurement of either the maximum positive or negative signal level of a wave

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20
Q

RMS (root-mean-squared)

A

Determines a meaningful average level of a waveform over time.

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21
Q

How can Amplitude be expressed?

A

Linearly(volts); or Logarithmically(dB)

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22
Q

Phase

A

The way multiple sound waves interact in an acoustical or electrical space.

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23
Q

Constructive Interference

A

When two identical waves are added together

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24
Q

What is the result of constructive Interference?

A

Waves having the same frequency and phase but twice the amplitude.

25
Q

Destructive Interference

A

When two identical out-of-phase waves are added to each other.

26
Q

What is the result of Destructive Interference?

A

Waves cancelling each other out

27
Q

Fundamental

A

The lowest frequency in a sound

28
Q

What is another name for the fundamental?

A

First Harmonic

29
Q

What does the fundamental provide?

A

The sound with the strongest audible pitch reference

30
Q

Overtone

A

Any harmonic above the fundamental

31
Q

What is the first overtone called?

A

Second Harmonic

32
Q

Partial

A

Sounds w/no mathematical relation to the fundamental

33
Q

Where are most partials found?

A

In percussive instruments (i.e. bells)

34
Q

What are Sine Waves also called?

A

Pure Tones

35
Q

Sawtooth Wave

A

A complex waveform that has multiple odd and even harmonics

36
Q

Square Wave

A

A complex waveform consisting of odd harmonics

37
Q

Decibel

A

Measurement of amplitude

38
Q

dBV (electrical)

A

Measured in electrical voltage that represents a sound wave

39
Q

dD SPL (acoustic)

A

How loud a sound actually is in an environment

40
Q

What is the average hearing range of a human by the age of 30?

A

20Hz-16000Hz

41
Q

When in Hz is hearing most sensitive between?

A

1-4kHz

42
Q

Where does (in dB) acoustic trauma occur?

A

140dB

43
Q

Fletcher Munson Curve/Equal Loudness Curve

A

a plot of how loud the various frequencies w/in the audible hearing range needs to be for our brain to perceive them as equal loudness.

44
Q

What are two important things we can infer from the Equal Loudness Curve?

A

1) Our hearing is not equal across all frequencies w/in the audible range. We hear some frequencies better than others
2) Our hearing does become even at higher over Sound Pressure Levels

45
Q

What is loudness measure in?

A

Phons

46
Q

Dynamic Envelope

A

Describes the initial action, development and diminishing of a waveform over time. (ASDR)

47
Q

ASDR

A

Attack; Decay; Sustain; Release

48
Q

Attack

A

The way sound is initiated

49
Q

What is the attack peak called?

A

Transient

50
Q

Decay

A

The reaction of the amplitude after the attack

51
Q

Sustain

A

The period that the sound is generating from the source

52
Q

Release

A

Once the source stops generating the sound the envelop enters the this phase

53
Q

(Obj.-Subj.)

Frequency {Hz}

A

Pitch

54
Q

(Obj.-Subj.)

Amplitude

A

Loudness

55
Q

(Obj.-Subj.)

Harmonic Content {Spectral Content}

A

Timbre

56
Q

(Obj.-Subj.)

Dynamic Envelope {ASDR}

A

Timbre

57
Q

White Noise

A

When each frequency carries the same amount of noise energy

58
Q

Pink Noise

A

When each octave carries the same amount of noise energy

59
Q

What is pink noise also called?

A

Fractional Noise

Music Prod. (6 decks)

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